...Tutorial on Classification Igor Baskin and Alexandre Varnek Introduction The tutorial demonstrates possibilities offered by the Weka software to build classification models for SAR (Structure-Activity Relationships) analysis. Two types of classification tasks will be considered – two-class and multi-class classification. In all cases protein-ligand binding data will analyzed, ligands exhibiting strong binding affinity towards a certain protein being considered as “active” with respect to it. If it is not known about the binding affinity of a ligand towards the protein, such ligand is conventionally considered as “nonactive” one. In this case, the goal of classification models is to be able to predict whether a new ligand will exhibit strong binding activity toward certain protein biotargets. In the latter case one can expect that such ligands might possess the corresponding type of biological activity and therefore could be used as ‘’hits” for drug design. All ligands in this tutorial are described by means of an extended set of MACCS fingerprints, each of them comprising 1024 bits, the “on” value of each of them indicating the presence of a certain structural feature in ligand, otherwise its value being “off”. Part 1. Two-Class Classification Models. 1. Data and descriptors. The dataset for this tutorial contains 49 ligands of Angeotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and 1797 decoy compounds chosen from the DUD database. The set of "extended" MACCS fingerprints is used as...
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...not submitted promptly, the doctors including us, would not get paid. Submitting Claims The medical biller and coder makes sure all forms are completed and approved and enters the information into the medical billing software, including doctor’s information, patient’s information, insurance information, medical billing codes, payment information, and any special notes on the account. Medical billing codes are necessary for a doctor to be properly reimbursed for the services provided. These codes are some of many: • ICD 9 codes (and ICD 10 codes)- international classification of diseases • CPT codes- current procedural terminology • CPT modifiers- these provide additional information to payers to make sure doctors get paid correctly for services provided • Medicare billing codes- explained for provider services and hospital insurance • CDT codes (dental)- code on dental procedures • NDC drug codes- national drug codes • DRG Medicare codes- diagnosis related group • Taxamony codes- used to categorize a provider or group specialty Our responsibility as Medical billers and coders • Collect the information necessary to prepare insurance claims and bill patients • Enter patient’s information and insurance information into the medical billing software • Enter patient’s special information including ICD 9 diagnosis codes and CPT medical billing codes • Interpret and post explanation of benefits (EOB) • Research, correct, and re-submit denied claims • Bill patients for...
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...Asset Identification & Asset Classification 1. What is the purpose of identifying IT assets and inventory? i. To help identify areas of potential risks. 2. What is the purpose of an asset classification? ii. To evaluate the health of the company by examining how well each of the company’s assets are performing. 3. For the scenario you picked, give three (3) examples of customer privacy data elements. (HIPAA) iii. Names iv. Medical records v. Health plan beneficiary numbers 4. Why is your organization’s website classification minor nut its e-commerce server considered critical for your scenario? vi. Because it presents a smaller threat while the e-commerce server is more valuable to the organization. 5. Why would you classify customer privacy data and intellectual property assets as critical? vii. They are valuable assets to the organization and possess value to the organization. 6. What are some examples of security controls for recent compliance law requirements? viii. Sarbanes-Oxley Act – To certify the accuracy of financial information. ix. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act – Information from children under the age of 13. 7. How can a Data Classification Standard help with asset classification? x. Classifying data helps prevent vulnerability to sensitive data. 8. How can you minimize leakage of customer privacy data through the public internet? xi. Gramm-Leach-Bliley...
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...DRUG DIARY If you haven’t already, start your drug diary. A good way to start is to get a small book with alphabetical tabs/ markings in which you can record medications according to their generic names. Here are some common medications you might want to start with: Morphine, Aspirin, Metoprolol, Digoxin, Paracetamol, Metoclopramide Information you should include: Generic name Trade name Classification Dose Route Frequency Action Side effects Precautions Patient education Here is an example for you: Generic Name: Glyceryl Trinitrate Brand names: Transiderm-Nitro, Anginine Classification: Anti-anginal Agent Dose: 600-900mcg Route: Sublingual or Buccal Frequency: Taken at first sign of angina or before activities known to induce angina Action: -Relaxes smooth muscle, including vascular muscle, causing vasodilation -Reduces myocardial oxygen demand -Reduces preload and afterload -Effective in 2-3 minutes Side effects: -Throbbing headache -Dizziness and tachycardia -Hypotension, syncope Precautions: Contraindicated if there is marked hypotension or cerebral hemorrhage. Patient Education: -Sit down when taking tablet and for 20 minutes after -Don’t swallow the tablet – allow to dissolve -Take half a tablet first -Keep tablets airtight in dark container out of sunlight -Tell family where your medications are kept -Take Anginine with you on outings A tip: Drug knowledge is much easier to develop...
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...11, 2014 Dr. Jane Manson Can Medication Generate a False PTSD Event? During the past few decades, many soldiers have returned from war (Dessert Storm, Dessert Shield, Iraq, and Afghanistan) with having Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), traumatic experience and sleep disorders. Traumatic experiences have a different effect on each person. Each person that went to war had a different mission. Each of these soldiers has experienced different variations of the war from their contributions. Some of the soldiers have been medicated during the wars, and some are being treated after the wars. Many have been on medication prior to the war and sent with these medications. This doctrine is going to depict if medications and drugs, whether legal or illicit, have caused a kind of PTSD event within this special group of people. The people that make up the military force and veterans are approximately one percent of the population of the United States. This is a much-diversified group of people. They comprise of the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marines and Coast Guard. These are further broken down to reserves and national guards. They also come from different ethnic backgrounds, race, male and female alike. Many reports have been made in the media about the soldiers that have returned about the various treatments they have experienced and care that has been provided them. The purpose of this proposal is to find out if medications have generated a false...
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...British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) Alana Finn 14R Media Studies Miss Garry The British Board of Film Classification, known as the BBFC, was set up in the film industry in 1984. It is an independent regulator of non-governmental body that classify films before they go to the cinema. They are currently based in Soho Square, London, Regulating the UK only and have a requirement to classify videos, and DVDs as well as some video games under the Video Recordings Act (1984), acknowledging and reflecting the UK's diverse cultural society. Originally set up in 1912 in order to put together rules and judgement on censorship, the British Board of Film Classification was known as the British Board of Film Censors until 1985. The BBFC then changed their name for the reason that they wanted to be known for the much larger role of actual classification that went into the boards work, rather than censorship, also applying the test of 'suitability for viewing in the home'. In the case of films shown in cinemas, local authorities have the final legal authorisation over who can view a particular film. The majority of the time, legal authorities accepts the Board's recommendation for a certificate for a film. Although there have been some exceptions, particularly in the 1970's when the board allowed films such as The Last Tango In Paris and The Exorcist to be released with an X certificate (18+), but many local authorities chose to ban the films regardless. The BBFC is a non-profit...
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...Globalization Has Increased Poverty Although the concept of globalization is very recent, it has existed throughout the history. Globalization began to take greater height from the Industrial Revolution 200 years ago in England which was the most developed countries in the world. Technological and political changes have changed the meaning of globalization. Today, the term globalization is defined as “the process enabling financial and investment markets to operate internationally, largely as a result of deregulation and improved communications. It is the social, political and economic integration that comes with the increased flow of trade, people, capital, and ideas” (Steger). The purpose of this essay is to show how globalization has increased poverty and affected some countries and people’s lives. While many people argue that globalization has reduced poverty; others, has disagree because there are facts that show clearly how the rate of poverty has increased. According to Sachs, Professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University, poverty is the result of “low productivity per worker, which reflects poor health, lack of job-market skills, patchiness of infrastructure (roads, power plants, utility lines, shipping ports), and chronic malnutrition” (Sachs). In many countries, the economic situation is going from bad to worse. Poverty has been rising steadily “from 21% in 1984 to 40% in 2002” (Nissanke). Sachs said that every day more than 20 000 die of dire...
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...How to grow Without faster growth the rich world’s economies will be stuck. But what can be done to achieve it? Our economics team sets out the options Oct 7th 2010 WHAT will tomorrow’s historians see as the defining economic trend of the early 21st century? There are plenty of potential candidates, from the remaking of finance in the wake of the crash of 2008 to the explosion of sovereign debt. But the list will almost certainly be topped by the dramatic shift in global economic heft. Ten years ago rich countries dominated the world economy, contributing around two-thirds of global GDP after allowing for differences in purchasing power. Since then that share has fallen to just over half. In another decade it could be down to 40%. The bulk of global output will be produced in the emerging world. The pace of the shift testifies to these countries’ success. Thanks to globalisation and good policies, virtually all developing countries are catching up with their richer peers. In 2002-08 more than 85% of developing economies grew faster than America’s, compared with less than a third between 1960 and 2000, and virtually none in the century before that. This “rise of the rest” is a remarkable achievement, bringing with it unprecedented improvements in living standards for the majority of people on the planet. But there is another, less happy, explanation for the rapid shift in the global centre of economic gravity: the lack of growth in the big rich economies of America...
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...The problems faced by Developing Countries This is my essay on the problems faced by developing countries. A developing country is a poor country faced by many problems like Civil War, drought, famine and lots of diseases including Cholera and Typhoid. One of the problems is civil war. Civil war is a war between two areas of a country fighting for leadership. During a civil war many people are wounded or die. Children as young as 5 years old are made to fight in the war and some children are separated from their families. The government spend their money on weapons to help the country to fight. The money to pay for the weapons has to be borrowed from richer countries. This sometimes puts the government into debt, therefore they don’t have enough money to spend on building new schools and improving the health care in the communities. Drought and famine are another two problems for developing countries. Drought occurs when there is a shortage of rain water resulting in no clean drinking water. Famine is when there is not enough food for everyone. Famine is sometimes caused by drought because there is no water to help the crops grow, therefore there is a shortage of food. Unfortunately they do not have the resources to overcome the consequences of famine and drought which can result in dehydration, starvation and premature deaths. Cash crops are crops which farmers grow to sell to other countries to make money to buy food and clothing for their families. Some examples...
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...In E-Commerce systems, like online shops, there is a need to present a variety of products to online customers. These products can be unrelated like food and books, or related in a hierarchical classification structure. The product information needs to be organized in a way that enables the customer to do searches, matches, and comparisons between different products based on some common product attributes. The common solution for this is to represent all products in a store in a catalog, either in a print format, or in case of online store, an electronic catalog. To simplify the catalog building process and customer browsing of a catalog, products are often classified into categories where similar products that share common attributes are in one broad category. An example would be footwear, where each product in this category shares some common attributes like size, material, color, gender (male, female, or children), and then can have more specialized sub-categories like sports footwear. Another example would be an appliances category where all have more specialized sub-categories like sports footwear. Products share common attributes as an operating voltage, color, energy consumption, dimensions (height, width and length), and further have some special sub-categories like refrigerators. An online store would be interested with categorizing its products to be able to add new products efficiently, as it would only need to add the new product to its sub-category...
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...A game of catch-up The shift in economic power from West to East is accelerating, says John O’Sullivan. The rich world will lose some of its privileges Sep 24th 2011 | from the print edition * * QUARRY BANK MILL is a handsome five-storey brick building set in the valley of the river Bollin at Styal, a small English village a few miles south of Manchester. It was built in 1784 by Samuel Greg, a merchant, who found profit in supplying cotton thread to Lancashire’s weavers. The raw cotton shipped from America’s slave plantations was processed on the latest machinery, Richard Arkwright’s water frame. Later Greg extended the factory and installed coal-fired steam engines to add to the water power from the Bollin. All this gave a huge boost to productivity. In 1700 a spinster with a pedal-driven spinning wheel might take 200 hours to produce a pound of yarn. By the 1820s it would take her around an hour. Greg’s mill was part of a revolution in industry that would profoundly alter the world’s pecking order. The new technologies—labour-saving inventions, factory production, engines powered by fossil fuels—spread to other parts of western Europe and later to America. The early industrialisers (along with a few late developers, such as Japan) were able to lock in and build on their lead in technology and living standards. The “great divergence” between the West and the rest lasted for two centuries. The mill at Styal, once one of the world’s largest, has become a museum...
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...Characteristics of LDCs Exports of Primary Goods: The primary and agricultural products are the main exports of these countries. The international trade. For example the main exports products of Pakistan are rice, cotton yarn, fish and garments etc. Capital Deficiency: The deficiency of capital in an important feature of developing countries. Therefore they are often called capital poor economies. The shortage of capital is reflected in the very low capital labour ratio in these countries. Over Dependence on Agriculture: 68% population in Pakistan is living in 46,894 villages, back-ward agriculture is the major occupation of the population. Agriculture sector is back ward due to old and traditional methods of cultivation. In-efficient farmers, tack of credit facilities, unorganized agriculture market etc. 66.7% population is directly or indirectly depending on agriculture sector in Pakistan. Natural Resources: Mostly there is shortage of natural resources in developing nations and this is also a cause of their economic backwardness. In various poor countries natural resources are available but they remain un- utilized under-utilized and miss- utilized due to capital shortage, less efficiency of labour, lack of skill and knowledge and limited home market. Out Flow of Best Brain: The brilliant and brightest students of developing countries go to developed countries for higher education. After completing their education, they do not want to come back in their own country due to...
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...The 20 factors indicating whether an individual is an employee or an independent contractor are: 1. Instructions. An employee must comply with instructions about when, where, and how to work. Even if no instructions are given, the control factor is present if the employer has the right to control how the work results are achieved. 2. Training. An employee may be trained to perform services in a particular manner. Independent contractors ordinarily use their own methods and receive no training from the purchasers of their services. 3. Integration. An employee's services are usually integrated into the business operations because the services are important to the success or continuation of the business. This shows that the employee is subject to direction and control. 4. Services rendered personally. An employee renders services personally. This shows that the employer is interested in the methods as well as the results. 5. Hiring assistants. An employee works for an employer who hires, supervises, and pays workers. An independent contractor can hire, supervise, and pay assistants under a contract that requires him or her to provide materials and labor and to be responsible only for the result. 6. Continuing relationship. An employee generally has a continuing relationship with an employer. A continuing relationship may exist even if work is performed at recurring although irregular intervals. 7. Set hours of work. An employee usually has set hours of work established by...
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...In 1987, IRS determined to issue the new rule related between employer and employee relationship. The rule was named Revenue Ruling 87 – 41 by IRS. Here are the 20 factors which guides to use to assess the likelihood as to whether an individual is an employee or an independent contractor. (1) Instructions. An employee must comply with instructions about when, where and how to work. The control factor is present if the employer has the right to require compliance with the instructions. (2) Training. An employee receives on-going training from, or at the direction of, the employer. Independent contractors use their own methods and receive no training from the purchasers of their services. (3) Integration. An employee’s services are integrated into the business operations because the services are important to the business. This shows that the worker is subject to direction and control of the employer. (4) Services rendered personally. If the services must be rendered personally, presumably the employer is interested in the methods used to accomplish the work as well as the end results. An employee often does not have the ability to assign their work to other employees, an independent contractor may assign the work to others. (5) Hiring, supervising and paying assistants. If an employer hires, supervises and pays assistants, the worker is generally categorized as an employee. An independent contractor hires, supervises and pays assistants under a contract that...
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...Base price: $8,674 Options: $987 Destination charge: $190 Sticker price: $9,852 Profit margin: 15% Dealer cost: __________ $8,374.20 $1,477.80 $11,329.80 2. Base price: $15,555 Options: 425 Destination charges: $250 Sticker price: $16,230 Profit margin: __________ Dealer profit: $1,275 0.079% 12.7% 7.86% 3. A car has a sticker price of $8,775 and the dealer's profit margin is 15%. What is the dealer's profit on the car? Would the dealer be likely to accept an offer of $7,000? Profit: $585; would not accept $7,000 Profit: $1,316.25; would not accept $7,000 Profit: $1,316.25; would accept $7,000 4. Wes offered to pay $400 over the dealer's cost on a Knockout SX, which had a sticker price of $7,850. The dealer's profit margin is 10%. How much less would the dealer's profit be if she accepted Wes' offer? $321.50 $385 $785 5. A car dealer sells Wilsons, which have a sticker price of $9,779. Her usual profit margin on this model is 12%. She wants to increase her profit by $391.16. What would her new profit margin be? 15.4% 19.6% 16.3% 6. Model: Compact Cash price: $6,500 Down payment: 20% Number of payments: 24 Monthly payment: $234 Finance charge: __________ $416 $450.07 $6,916 7. Model: Subcompact Cash price: $4,990 Down payment: $1,500 Number of payments: 36 Monthly payment: $109.94 Finance charge: __________ $3,957.84 $467.84 $1,032.16 8. Model: Mid-size Cash price: $7,590 Down payment:...
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