... (13) 3. Drug Targeting (25) 4. Approaches To Drug Targeting (29) 5. Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Market (47) 6. Future Barriers And Challenges (48) 7. Various Nanopharmaceuticals And Their Case Studies (49) 8. NanoDrug Patenting (54) 9. Conclusion (57) 10. Bibliography (58) NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG TARGETING 1. INTRODUCTION NANOPARTICLES * Nanoparticles are in solid state and are either in amorphous or crystalline They include Nanocapsules and Nanospheres.They are able to adsorb or encapsulate a drug thus protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation.Their size ranges from 1-100mn. * Nanocapsules:They are vesicular systems in which drug is confined to a cavity surrounded by a unique polymer membrane. * Nanospheres:They are matrix systems in which a drug is uniformly dispersed. The use of nanotechnology in drug delivery and drug targeting is a rapidly...
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...+81-3-6225-1126 http://www.daiichisankyo.com Daiichi Sankyo to Facilitate New Drug Discovery in 2013 through Collaborative Research and Grants Tokyo, Japan (March 6, 2013) - Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited (TSE: 4568; hereafter, Daiichi Sankyo) today announced its TaNeDS (Take a New challenge for Drug diScovery) collaborative drug discovery project for 2013. The company will select research partners for the project from among researchers based in Japan. 1. Background One key objective in Daiichi Sankyo’s Second Mid-term Business Management Plan (FY 2010-2012) is the discovery of new sources of research themes through open innovation. Daiichi Sankyo is implementing a range of sources of innovation for collaboration with external partners. One aspect of this strategy is the collaborative research and grant program TaNeDS, launched in 2011. A large number of research theme proposals were received in 2011 and 2012 from all over Japan, and projects are currently ongoing. Daiichi Sankyo will continue the program in 2013, seeking further drug discovery research possibilities by casting at wide net to find research themes and technologies that will result in the discovery of new drugs. The program will target researchers based in Japan. Furthermore, in 2013, Daiichi Sankyo’s wholly owned subsidiary, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. (hereafter, RD Novare), will join TaNeDS to promote the development of technology platforms for the next generation. 2. Overview of TaNeDS 1) Multi-entrance...
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...January 15, 2006 As an undercover agent with the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Food and Drug Administration, Aaron Graham saw firsthand how counterfeit drugs can slip into the pharmaceutical supply chain. Graham, now VP and chief security officer for Purdue Pharma, once posed as the manager of an "institutional pharmacy" selling drugs at a discount to secondary wholesalers who were then supposed to sell them to nursing homes. Soon after he began, his phone started ringing. Dozens of smaller pharmaceutical wholesale companies were calling, desperate to buy his drugs. These secondary or "gray market" wholesalers scour the country and the world for low-price drugs they can sell back to major wholesalers for a profit. In addition to trawling for institutional pharmacies, some secondary wholesalers have been known to purchase counterfeit drugs from criminal organizations in places such as China, Thailand or Colombia. Graham, who was part of a two-year FDA sting operation known as "operation gray pill," helped expose a system in which large and small wholesalers were taking advantage of multitiered pricing in the industry. Prescription drugs are sold at discounts to subsidized groups such as nursing homes and also exported at lower prices. Graham and his colleagues found that these lower-priced drugs are sometimes smuggled back into the country and sold to large wholesalers for a profit. These multiple steps, in which a drug can bounce back and forth from distributor to distributor...
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...development and FDA approval of the anti-diabetic drug Insulex. The American Diabetics Association estimates approximately 25.8 million Americans and 285 million individuals worldwide suffer from diabetes. The efficient and effective treatment and management of its symptoms are essential to reducing healthcare costs and improving quality of life of those afflicted. I therefore would like to establish the development of Insulex, which shows promise to become one of the world’s forefront drugs to manage diabetes. In it’s initial trials, Insulex works to regulate the release of insulin thus reducing the need to insulin pumps and other drugs with potentially harmful side effects. The objective of this project is to scale-up new anti-diabetic therapy and integrate its new manufacturing technology into the company. This project comprises the development of drug from (insert stages of drug development) to the FDA approval. Furthermore, “PharmaCorp” will be purchasing new technology from “GE,” and will implement and integrate new manufacturing technology into the company. This new technology (insert name for technology) is essential for the development of the drug and assures the highest quality product is achieved. In summary, we will achieve the following by the end of year one: * Acquiring of new technology from GE * Implementation and integration of new technology for drug development * FDA approval of the drug Insulex * (Insert additional milestones) ...
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...carried out. Today, technology has reshaped interactions on a personal and professional level, ultimately causing a shift in traditional values and norms. It is not uncommon for a household to possess several smartphones, computers, television sets, and be connected socially via one of many social network platforms such as Facebook or Twitter. Although this might be the case for an individual living in the 21st century, many consumers are not only used to such technology being part of their life, but are rather dependent on them. There is legitimacy in arguing that modern technology including the internet and smartphones are essential components for effective integration and advancement; however, the internet itself came to be in an age where internet and smartphones ceased to exist. Hence, such modern revolutions simply enhance efficiency but do not necessarily determine/limit progress or potential achievement. Technology can be an effective tool when used properly; however, the 21st –century human being’s over-dependency on technology has negative consequences as it is analogous to drug addiction: both are addictive, are hazardous to one’s health, and cause isolation. Within today’s technology-driven society, consumers are finding the notion of constant technology use appealing. The Mariam-Webster dictionary defines the word ‘Addict’ as “to devote or surrender (oneself) to something habitually or obsessively” (Mariam-Webster). Both technology and drugs provide endless stimuli...
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...and Electronic skin patch 2 Motivation behind the Technology 5 Applications 6 Drug delivery system 6 Health monitoring 8 Medium of Communication 11 Human Computer Interaction Interface 12 Stakeholders 12 3. Ethical and Legal Concerns with the technology 14 3.1 Legal Issues 14 Inconsistent Medication 14 Number of Impacts of Wireless Technology 15 Data Integrity and Hacking 16 3.2 Ethical dilemma 17 Cultural and religious criticism 17 Public Monitoring/privacy 19 Impact on people with disabilities 20 Cost issues 20 Social Issues/implications 20 Credibility of Source of Information 21 4. Resolutions for these dilemmas 22 4.1 Possible solution 22 Tackling health issues 22 Preventing leakage of personal information 23 Preventing Overuse of Skin Patch 24 Addressing cultural issues 24 Denying any form of tracking human information 25 4.2 Strategy for implementation 25 Conclusion 26 Reference List 26 1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to identify the legal and ethical issues related to electronic skin patch and provide a possible solution to tackle it. The limitations of current medical science lead to the advancement of biomedical science to resolve the gap. The report further deals with the new technology electronic skin patch that promises to overcome the potholes of the traditional medical science. It provides the detailed analysis of the technology and the strategy to provide a solution, when there...
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...aspects in human development and daily life. Technology has advanced quickly, from bioengineered skin to genomics, which is the custom building of DNA or RNA strands. Humans need to be able to understand the pros and cons of technology taking over our lives as well as our bodies. There are both benefits and complications with bioengineering and singularity, and both are taken with precise consideration by scientists. Benefits of biomedical engineering and singularity With medical engineering people are afraid of inserting objects into their bodies but what they don’t realize is the advantages that could happen. There are multiple possible benefits of biomedical engineering and singularities. The main singularity is medical benefits. In Progress Accelerates Exponentially, Kurzweil...
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...anti-migraine drug that similarly targeted serotonin levels. Their prior research and development involving such neurotransmitters put them at an advantage over their competitors. Their goal was to find a neurotransmitter (i.e. serotonin) that matched the receptor that they felt was the key to relieving the migraine. (Appendix B provides a basic overview on how receptors and neurotransmitters integrate and function.) Aided by cutting edge methods of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening, Lilly was able to test compounds at a significantly quicker rate. In fact, their first set of compounds tested resulted in a higher potency compound than any that resulted from traditional chemistry methods of testing one compound at a time. With time being of the essence in the drug industry, the natural solution was to utilize combinatorial chemistry to develop the anti-migraine drug. It will allow for a quicker drug development and hopefully ensure a spot as one of the first market entrants. First to market was not a must but being a fast follower was very important in order to gain significant market share. Having a facility dedicated to this drug will create and efficient production process and reduce waste. The goal would be to focus just on the one anti-migraine drug in the hope that it will make it all the way to market. However, if it were to fail one of the stages of clinical trials, Lilly would have this dedicated facility to test variations on the drug formula to quickly...
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...Throughout history, society has developed and grown through advances in technology. These have proved both advantageous and detrimental to society as a whole. Technology has helped connect the world and help make everybody happier. However, at what cost? When does technology cease to be beneficial and begin its destruction? Technology has led to the illusion of multitasking, the chronic and widespread abuse of prescription drugs, and the downfall of society as a whole through virtual realities. The article “Why the modern world is bad for your brain”, by Daniel J Levitin shines light on many of the societal norms in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. “Multitasking has been found to increase the production of the stress hormone cortisol as well as the fight-or-flight hormone adrenaline, which can...
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...Factors Political factors includes government regulations and legal issues defines both formal and informal rules under which firm operates some example like tax policy, trade restrictions and tariffs, political stability. Political arena has huge influence up on the regulations of business and the spending power of consumers and other business. Over many years the pharmaceuticals industry has increased political attentions because of increase in recognitions of the economic important of healthcare as a component of social welfare . It takes 10-15 years on average to experiment drug to travel from lab to patient consumption, as patent protection is fixed that is only 20 years but companies has to spend 15 years on experiments by the time it reaches to the market the patent will be almost comes to expired and which will result in birth of generic medicines which has exactly same ingredients as of branded drugs but shows huge difference in price, because the generic brand does not spend on clinical trials so the entry of generic are the major impact on pharmacy industry because of the legal policy set by political forces example in us 84% of sales had been dropped in 12 weeks by Allegra hay fever treatment because of expiry of patent in 2006. Another major problem affecting the industry in many countries are monophony which means only one powerful purchaser who are government. Since 1980 government around the world attracting pharmaceuticals as a politically easy target in their effort...
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...includes active pharmaceutical ingredients mixture of different compounds and carbon which comes from their pharmaceutical industries. Different strategies could be used to reduce carbon and chemical waste from drugs for human environment, like proper consumption ,good way of savages for hospitals waste water like advance waste water treatment technology, private house hold expire drugs, training and education of medical professionals to reduce over prescription, and public education and awareness. These strategies could be help full for save green house environment from drugs. In conclusion if we do focus on three principal strategies to reduce the input of chemicals compounds, carbon, and waste water in to the environment are substitution of complex chemical compounds, advance technical approach, and proper education and training of doctors, retailers and consumers. (Klaus Kümmerer, 2009) Social The social life, physical activities and level of health of a community affects the pharmaceutical industry. Change in social life and trends mention new direction for the local and national pharmaceutical industry. In the same way age of the individuals deeply change the dimensions of the industry like the citizen of a community aged more than 60 yeas consumes more drugs than the young people. Recently, the industry gets attraction and become more popularafter...
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...Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia Research paper presented to SPPSPTM, NMIMS In partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree B.Pharm + MBA (MBA PharmaTech) By Dishali Shah A073 Academic Year 2015 - 2016 Statement by candidate This is to submit that this submission report is my report entitled “Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia” represents my ideas in my own words and where others’ ideas have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have followed all the principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/ data/ fact / source in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be a cause of strict disciplinary action by the School and can also evoke penal action from the sources, which have thus not been properly cited, or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed. P. Score________% Signature of Student Name of Student SVKM’s NMIMS Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400056. SHOBHABEN PRATAPBHAI PATEL SCHOOL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, SVKM’s NMIMS 2 Certificate The work described in this report entitled “Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia” has been carried out...
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...systems like CPOE (computerised provider order entry) will enable better, safer and more efficient patient care, many hospitals have completed an aggressive implementation of these systems. In this case study, the author has shown both the positive and negative sides of these information systems. The author has emphasized on the benefits provided by CPOE systems to eliminate the errors and at the same time describes some serious issues and problems caused by the advanced technological systems. These systems are not very common in use within every healthcare organization due to the issues like high costs, complex designs etc. Still many hospitals have effectively implemented them which helped them in reducing medication errors and adverse drug events (ADEs). But they are facing are many challenges as discussed in this case study. 2. Provide a critical analysis of the problems the hospitals and physicians...
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...known as one of the most violent cities in Mexico. The drug cartels have taken over the city and have continued to control the city. The city officials have been defeated over and over again; hopeless they still search for new ways to win this ongoing war. Using technology in the United States has become a crucial part of it's survival, since our failure to use intelligence properly in the attack of nine-eleven. Mexico is now attempting to use use the same method in hope that they can be steps ahead of the cartel to ensure success. The Drug Cartels are very violent organizations in Mexico. Between December 2006 and December 2010, there were more than 30,000 deaths in the country. The Cartels in Mexico have become very powerful since the Colombian cocaine traffickers were prevented from transporting their drugs through the Caribbean into the United States. In the 1970 the Colombian cartels transported the cocaine shipment either by plane or by sea. The United States with the use of radar could easily track them and confiscate their shipment. In the drug cartel technology usage will be used in the measure intelligence it is “investigating illegal drug trafficking” . (Buckley, John (2013-10-30) In the late 1980’s the cartel had to ship large shipments. The Columbian Cartel would do their shipment through the Caribbean . In this book it states that it “was easy guarded with the use of radar and since all drugs shipments were made by air or sea“. (Meisenhalter 129) ...
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...Information Strategy The Information Systems Strategy Triangle Business strategy should drive information system decision making, and changes in business strategy should entail reassessments of information systems. Moreover changes in information systems potential should trigger reassessments of business strategy. If a decision is made to change business strategy of the “triangle”, it is necessary to evaluate the other two corners to ensure the balance is preserved. Changing business strategy without thinking through the effects on the organizational and information systems strategies will cause business to struggle until balance is restored (Pearlson & Saunders, 2013). When used appropriately, information systems and information technology leverage human resources, capital,...
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