...Literature Review: Enlarged Tracheoesophageal Puncture after Total Laryngectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Name Affiliation Date ABSTRACT Objectives: Enlargement of the tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is a challenging complication after laryngectomy with TEP. We sought to estimate the rate of enlarged puncture, associated pneumonia rates, potential risk factors, and conservative treatments excluding complete surgical TEP closure. Methods: A systematic review was conducted (1978–2008). A summary risk estimate was calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: Twenty-seven peer-reviewed manuscripts were included. The rate of enlarged puncture and/or leakage around the prosthesis was reported in 23 articles (range, 1% to 29%; summary risk estimate, 7.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8% to 9.6%). Temporary removal of the prosthesis and TEP- site injections were the most commonly reported conservative treatments. Prosthetic diameter (p =.076) and timing of TEP (p = .297) were analyzed as risk factors; however, radiotherapy variables were inconsistently reported. Conclusions: The overall risk of enlarged puncture seems relatively low, but it remains a rehabilitative challenge. Future research should clearly establish risk factors for enlarged puncture and optimal conservative management. Keywords: tracheoesophageal puncture, total laryngectomy, enlarged tracheoesophageal puncture, complications, leakage Enlarged Tracheoesophageal Puncture after Total...
Words: 6352 - Pages: 26
...1. Explain how S.A motivate and compensate their employees? Mr. Kelleher thinks first on happy employees, and then if you treat well your employees they will go to promote a really good customer service for your clients. Southwest is really success because the spirit that they manage within the employees, their let their staff being themselves, for example: they receive their training but also their can feel free to show their basic personalities and not trying to be anything different what their really are. Furthermore they can be highly compensated if they work really hard giving the airline a really good productivity by their work inspiration. 2. Describe S.A strategy At first Southwest try very hard to identify their customers and do marketing for them, then they said that the people that choose this airline is special and different because they focus on provide a very good service and also new and comfortable planes by a very accessible cost, they also think about put first the employees because if you treat your employees very good they will be happy and treat the customers the same way and that’s what makes the shareholders happy. They know that they need to be more open mind about expand they flights destinations because the loyal customers prefers them and this requires to promote more available destinations around the world in order to satisfy customer needs, but the company thinks that this is kind of complicated because of the cultural ethics, exchanges...
Words: 347 - Pages: 2
...ISSUES IN SELECTING A BUSINESS FORM Entrepreneur: Someone who initiates and assumes the financial risk of a new enterprise. One or more entrepreneurs setting out to start a business should consider the following four factors when deciding what form of business to organize: (1) ease and expense of creation, (2) liability of the owner(s) for obligations of the entity, (3) tax considerations, and (4) the need and ability to raise capital. TRADITIONAL BUSINESS FORMS Sole Proprietorship: A business owned by a single person or family. Partnership: An agreement by two or more persons to carry on, as co-owners, a business for profit. Corporation: A legal entity formed in compliance with the statutory requirements of its state of incorporation, owned by shareholders whose liability is limited to their investment in the corporation, and managed by (i) a board of directors elected by the shareholders and (ii) officers employed by the board of directors. SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP: PROS AND CONS Advantages: a proprietorship is easy and inexpensive to form; the proprietor receives all of the profits; the owner has the maximum degree of control over business decisions; and the proprietor may establish a tax-exempt retirement account. Disadvantages: the proprietor has unlimited personal liability for any losses or liabilities incurred by the entity; the entity will not survive the proprietor’s death, disability, or retirement; and ...
Words: 838 - Pages: 4
...File 1 dsfsdfs dfs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sd fsd fs sd fsd fs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sd ff gd gh sfh fh sd fas dw g sgh sfd gs df dg f sd fa sf sfg fg hd fg sdf f hf g sf asf dgh fd sfs d fs g dg dsfsdfs dfs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sd fsd fs sd fsd fs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sd ff gd gh sfh fh sd fas dw g sgh sfd gs df dg f sd fa sf sfg fg hd fg sdf f hf g sf asf dgh fd sfs d fs g dg dsfsdfs dfs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sd fsd fs sd fsd fs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sd ff gd gh sfh fh sd fas dw g sgh sfd gs df dg f sd fa sf sfg fg hd fg sdf f hf g sf asf dgh fd sfs d fs g dg dsfsdfs dfs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sd fsd fs sd fsd fs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sd ff gd gh sfh fh sd fas dw g sgh sfd gs df dg f sd fa sf sfg fg hd fg sdf f hf g sf asf dgh fd sfs d fs g dg dsfsdfs dfs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sd fsd fs sd fsd fs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sd ff gd gh sfh fh sd fas dw g sgh sfd gs df dg f sd fa sf sfg fg hd fg sdf f hf g sf asf dgh fd sfs d fs g dg dsfsdfs dfs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sd fsd fs sd fsd fs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sd ff gd gh sfh fh sd fas dw g sgh sfd gs df dg f sd fa sf sfg fg hd fg sdf f hf g sf asf dgh fd sfs d fs g dg dsfsdfs dfs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sd fsd fs sd fsd fs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sd ff gd gh sfh fh sd fas dw g sgh sfd gs df dg f sd fa sf sfg fg hd fg sdf f hf g sf asf dgh fd sfs d fs g dg dsfsdfs dfs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sdf sd fsd fs sd fsd fs dfs df sdf sdf sdf sd ff gd gh sfh fh sd fas dw g sgh sfd gs df...
Words: 800 - Pages: 4
...Test Fsdkf’ldsfj lksdjflksjd f;lsadkjf;lksadj flksadjf lksajdflksadjf;lkjdsalkfjs;ldjflksadhflkjhf Ksdhflksahdfjhsajflksadjf;lkjdsaf;lkjsadf Skjfsa;lkdjf lksad jflkjdsaf lksadl lkjsd flksad f Sdjfl sd salkdfj lkdsajf ;lksad f;lksa dfj saldf Lksadlkf sadf kdsfl lkdsa lkfjs dflk asdf lkdsa flkjasd f Sd falks jfd;lkas df lkjsadf dsalkjf asdf fd dsf fdslkds Slkdf dsflkdslk Dslkf ;ldsakf Dsaflkj ;lsad f;lksadjf Sdfjk sadlfj sadlkfj lkdsa fsdjf I jslkd jflkdsaf sld fl f Alkdsjf lksad f lkj ;lk ;lj laksjfd ;lkdsajf ;lkdsa l sdflkj lkj l lksdjf lksd Slkdjf lskd flj llkfdjlkdsa fldskjflks dflkjsad lkf jsadlkfjs dlkfjsd Dss sdjf dsf sdfsdf sdf dsfsdf sdfsdfsdf kj sl;kdjf ;l Fjsdlf;js d;f lsdjf saldkfj ;salkfj lsakd jf;lakjsoiweurlsd foiwe Lskdjf oiwe oiweur pow uresoiwuer poiw er oiwe ur oiwer oiwe wi w wis s is s s s s s Sjflksa df s s se w e e w k d oeiis dlk s skld s lkds sdlsoiwe s doiwe oiw eoi sdlsk s dkweoi s iowe sl sls Lsd s sldsl s dks ld lkwe oiw sl dk sdlk oiwe iwew w w e d sd g ds c e r r x e c d d e cc d c d c d c d c ;’ D sd sd s j vh u h kj oi k o k ik o ol o lkj I k I k juj j l k k lk j l l ll l; ; klk k jh I n kk I k I j j m m n k kj mnk m k k k j h j...
Words: 262 - Pages: 2
