...that offer download speeds up to 12 Mbps. It describes Exede as a satellite internet provider that transmits the internet signal to a small dish mounted on your house or work. The article also describe the equipment Exede require it customers to buy before subscribe to it service. (Sego, 2015). I believe the satellite internet service will be good for NHS because it has a clear view to the south. And the satellite internet will be reliable and constant speed for NHS to send and download files. The con in this service is that NHS will be asked to buy equipment before the service. Digital Subscriber Internet broadband (DSL) Wolverton, Troy (2015) ‘DSL speed could soon get a boost with new technologies'. Available at:http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_22998468/new-technologies-your-dsl-speed-could-soon-get (Accessed: 5 April 2015). The article stated that DSL is a...
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...that offer download speeds up to 12 Mbps. It describes Exede as a satellite internet provider that transmits the internet signal to a small dish mounted on your house or work. The article also describe the equipment Exede require it customers to buy before subscribe to it service. (Sego, 2015). I believe the satellite internet service will be good for NHS because it has a clear view to the south. And the satellite internet will be reliable and constant speed for NHS to send and download files. The con in this service is that NHS will be asked to buy equipment before the service. Digital Subscriber Internet broadband (DSL) Wolverton, Troy (2015) ‘DSL speed could soon get a boost with new technologies'. Available at:http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_22998468/new-technologies-your-dsl-speed-could-soon-get (Accessed: 5 April 2015). The article stated that DSL is a...
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...Standardization Sector (ITU-t) recommendation 1.113 has defined broadband as a transmission capacity that is faster than primary rate ISDN, at 1.5 to 2 Mbit/s. The FCC definition of broadband is 200 kbit/s (0.2 Mbit/s) in one direction, and advanced broadband is at least 200 kbit/s in both directions. The OECD has defined broadband as 256 kbit/s in at least one direction and this bit rate is the most common baseline that is marketed as “broadband” around the world. There is no specific bitrate defined by the industry, however, and “broadband” can mean lower-bitrate transmission methods. Some Internet Service Providers (ISPs) use this to advantage, in marketing lower-bitrate connections as broadband. Technology The standard technology in most areas is DSL, followed by cable modem. Newer...
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...1. Compare and contrast at least five technologies that are readily available for in-home internet access. You should consider practical as well as technical differences in your comparison. Do not include Frame Relay or ATM as these are primarily larger scale business solutions. 802.11N Higher-speed standards up to 300+ Mbps 802.11n uses (MIMO) technology and a wider radio frequency channel. It provides a mechanism called frame aggregation to decrease time between transmissions Channels operating at 40 MHz are another feature incorporated into 802.11n The transmitter and receiver use pre-coding & post-coding techniques to achieve the capacity of a MIMO link Video Conferencing A video conference is a set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously ITU H.320 is known as the standard for video conferencing over integrated services digital networks H.264 SVC is compression standard that enables video conferencing systems to achieve highly error resilient The components within a Conferencing System layers: User Interface, Conference Control, Control or Signal Plane and Media Plane The RTP and UDP normally carry information such the payload type which is the type of codec, frame rate, video size and many others Browser A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web. Web browser is a client program...
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...Wired Media Wired transmission lines are physical systems that are used to transmit certain physical quantities. They consist of a collection of a set of conductors made up of good conductors of electricity, like copper and aluminum, and a wire. Some transmission lines used are t-1, t-3, OC lines, DSL, dial-up, and cable lines. A T-1 line is a copper or fiber optic telephone line that can carry more data than traditional dial-up lines. These lines were originally made with twisted copper. T-1 lines are still being made, but the standard is slowly being upgraded to fiber optic lines. T-1 lines can transmit 1.544 Mbps. They connect geographically separate offices through a private voice and/or data connection. It is very useful for small businesses and commercial buildings with more than 8 lines. Getting a T-1 line is costly (around $1,500 a month), however it could save money for companies who have many phone lines. T-3 lines are a collection of about 28 T-1 lines that can transmit data at 44.736 Mbps. Obviously they are faster than T-1 lines, because they have a collection of 28 T-1 lines. They are used for longer distances than T-1 as well. Similar to T-1 lines, they are used to connect geographically separate offices through a private voice and/or data connection. They cost upwards of $3,000 a month to operate so not all small businesses can afford to have a T-3 line. Optical Carrier lines (OC lines), are a part of the Synchronous Optical Network (SONET). OC-1 is...
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...Unclassified DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 07-Apr-2006 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY COMMITTEE FOR INFORMATION, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS POLICY DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL Unclassified Working Party on Telecommunication and Information Services Policies MULTIPLE PLAY: PRICING AND POLICY TRENDS English - Or. English JT03207142 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL FOREWORD This report was presented to the Working Party on Telecommunication and Information Services Policies in December 2005 and was declassified by the Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy in March 2006. The report was prepared by Mr. Yoshikazu Okamoto and Mr. Taylor Reynolds of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. It is published under the responsibility of the SecretaryGeneral of the OECD. © OECD/OCDE 2006 2 DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2005)12/FINAL TABLE OF CONTENTS MAIN POINTS.............................................................................................................................................. 6 Regulatory issues.....................
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...MINI-CASES The DSL service is the digital subscriber line. It provides a high speed data transferring through traditional point to point telephone line. There are different kinds of DSL available; two of them are very common to see today. The first one is called the ADSL, it is also the same one that our mini case told us- “a cost of $60 per month for 1.5 Mbps down and 384 Kbps up”. For the local loop, the ADSL also has a maximum distance up to 18000 feet long. Another type of DSL is called the VDSL. It has a short distance but with a high speed rate up to 51.8 Mbps. The Cable modem service is the service that runs through the TV cable with the shared multipoint circuit. The users actually will share the available capacity that the actual service giving, at the same time all data within the circuit will go to all users` computer. The DOCSIS is a dominant standard; there is no standard data rate yet. However, according to the book: “Typical downstream speeds range between 1 Mbps and 10 Mbps, and typical upstream speeds range between 256 Kbps and 1 Mbps.” (Dennis & Fitzgerald; chapter 4, 2009). And as we knew already, the capacity is shared amount those users who are using it at the same time. The last option is the Wireless DSL service. Two most common types of fixed wireless system are “Wireless DSL” & “WiMAX”. Both of them are going to need a single line-of-sight circuit between transmitters. And the wireless DSL could be point to point or multipoint. The multipoint...
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...at lesser-known sites and selling them at a profit at more well-known sites. She downloads and uploads lots of graphics (pictures of the items she’s buying and selling). She is getting frustrated with the slow Internet access she has with her 56-Kbps dial-up modem and asks you for advice. DSL is available at a cost of $60 per month for 1.5 Mbps down and 384 Kbps up. Cable modem service is available for a cost of $50 per month for 1.5 Mbps down and 640 Kbps up. Wireless DSL is available in her apartment building for $45 per month for 1.5 Mbps down and 256 Kbps up. Explain the differences in these services and make a recommendation. DSL is available at a cost of $60 per month for 1.5 Mbps down and 384 Kbps up This type of DSL is called asymmetric DSL (ADSL). This type uses frequency separation multiplexing to generate three split channels over the one local loop circuit. One channel is the conventional voice telephone circuit. A second channel is a moderately high-speed simplex data channel downstream from the carrier’s end office to the customer. The third channel is a somewhat slower duplex data channel mainly utilized for upstream from the purchaser to the carrier’s end office. ADSL is called asymmetric for the reason that its two data channels have varied speeds. Each of the two data channels are further multiplexed by time division multiplexing so they can be further subdivided. (Fitzgerald 345) Cable modem service is available for a cost of $50 per month for 1.5 Mbps...
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...QUESTION1 Power Problems Alternating current (AC), which is “food” to PCs and other network devices, is normally 110 volts and changes polarity 60 times a second (or 60 Hertz). These values are referred to as line voltage. Any deviation from these values can create problems for a PC or other network device. Power problems fall into three categories: * Overage * Underage * Quality Power Overage Problems During a power overage, too much power is coming into the computer. Power overage can take two forms: * A power spike occurs when the power level rises above normal levels and then drops back to normal in less than one second. * A power surge occurs when the power level rises above normal levels and stays there for more than one or two seconds. Typically, power surges last longer than a second or two, and they may last for several minutes. Two types of devices are used to protect computers and other network devices from power overage problems: * Surge protectors * Line conditioners A surge protector contains a special electronic circuit that monitors the incoming voltage level and trips a circuit breaker when the overvoltage reaches a certain level (called the over- voltage threshold). The problem with surge protectors is that the threshold is set too high to be safe.Nor does a surge protector protect against power surges and spikes that are lower than the threshold. For the most part, a surge protector is better than nothing, but not by much...
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...ISDN & DSL Broadband Connections Thiago C. Gandarillas ISSC 340 American Military University Prof Kageorgis Throughout this paper we will review all the concepts regarding the ISDN and DSL technologies, definition, usage, benefits overall and costs. We will also compare to newer technologies overall to understand where our connections capabilities were and where they are over today’s date and where it is going. ISDN (Integrated Services for Digital Network) is a standard way to communicate digital transmission of data, voice, video and other network devices at the same at the same time over the traditional ‘’phone lines’’, basic telephone copper wires, called RJ-48 connectors. Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was only related to voice transportation, with very limited to none data service availability. The ISDN has the capability to support at least two or more connections at the same time, in any combination of voice, data, fax and video over a single line. At first ISDN speeds were only at max 128 kbits over download and upload speeds. Eventually carried over an E1, speed rates could be at 2048 kbps. (PC Magazine, 2001) ISDN-BRI (Basic Rate Interface), service is delivered through a pair of standard telephone copper wires at 128 kbps rate. Following available interfaces and their characteristics: * U Interface, usually a non-North American network, two wired interface between the network terminating unit and the exchange. * T Interface is a serial...
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...Section 2 - Installation D-Link DSL-2740B User Manual 9 Installation Notes In order to establish a connection to the Internet it will be necessary to provide information to the Router that will be stored in its memory. For some users, only their account information (Username and Password) is required. For others, various parameters that control and define the Internet connection will be required. You can print out the two pages below and use the tables to list this information. This way you have a hard copy of all the information needed to setup the Router. If it is necessary to reconfigure the device, all the necessary information can be easily accessed. Be sure to keep this information safe and private. Low Pass Filters Since ADSL and telephone services share the same copper wiring to carry their respective signals, a filtering mechanism may be necessary to avoid mutual interference. A low pass filter device can be installed for each telephone that shares the line with the ADSL line. These filters are easy to install passive devices that connect to the ADSL device and/or telephone using standard telephone cable. Ask your service provider for more information about the use of low pass filters with your installation. Operating Systems The DSL-2740B uses an HTML-based web interface for setup and management. The web configuration manager may be accessed using any operating system capable of running web browser software, including Windows 98 SE, Windows ME, Windows...
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...Services in Your Area Bo Sun CIS 505: Communication Technologies Strayer University Darcel Ford, Ph.D. February 26, 2013 DSL and Cable Modem Services Region DSL could only cover a limited area without a repeater. Therefore, it always to be used as a local loop WAN link. According to Dean (2009), “DSL uses advanced data modulation techniques to achieve extraordinary throughput over regular telephone lines.” (Dean, 2009) There are variety types of DSL and the types could be divided as asymmetrical and symmetrical. ADSL is the most common type of DSL that connect home network to the Internet through telecommunications switches. The DSL connection needs a DSL model to alternate signals between the telephone line and the computer. DSL makes use of the existing telephone infrastructure as the dial-up access. However, it applies the technique of frequency-division multiplexing which decides the channel into 3 separate links. Therefore, DSL could provide higher transmission rate and guarantee the users to talk on the phone simultaneously. Broadband or cable Internet access is another prevalent residential access method. A residence obtains cable Internet access from the same company that supports it cable television. As with DSL, cable access is asymmetric, with the downstream channel possesses a higher transmission rate. The difference is that cable Internet access is a shared broadcast medium. Therefore, if there are several users...
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...A digital signal is a physical signal that is a representation of a sequence of discrete values (a quantified discrete-time signal), for example of an arbitrary bit stream, or of a digitized (sampled and analog-to-digital converted) analog signal. The term digital signal can refer to either of the following: any continuous-time waveform signal used in digital communication, representing a bit stream or other sequence of discrete values a pulse train signal that switches between a discrete number of voltage levels or levels of light intensity, also known as a line coded signal or baseband transmission, for example a signal found in digital electronics or in serial communications, or a pulse code modulation (PCM) representation of a digitized analog signal. A signal that is generated by means of a digital modulation method (digital passband transmission), to be transferred between modems, is in the first case considered as a digital signal, and in the second case as converted to an analog signal. ======================== An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e., analogous to another time varying signal. For example, in an analog audio signal, the instantaneous voltage of the signal varies continuously with the pressure of the sound waves. It differs from a digital signal, in which a continuous quantity is represented by a discrete function which...
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...relevant information in determining the best solution for them. Types of Broadband Connections. (n.d.). Broadband.gov. Retrieved from http://www.broadband.gov/broadband_types.html The types of Broadband Connections available for Internet connectivity are explained: DSL – Provided by telephone companies and uses copper phone lines - Asynchronous DSL (ADSL) allows for faster downstream speeds than upstream speeds and Synchronous DSL (SDSL) allows for same downstream\upstream speeds and is typically used in business environments. Cable Modem – Provided by TV cable providers, uses coax TV cable and has comparable speeds to DSL. Fiber – Provided by both Cable and Telephone companies – Uses light to transmit information and has speeds much faster than DSL or Cable Modem. Wireless – Uses Radio links to transmit information can be fixed or mobile and has comparable speeds to DSL or Cable Modem. Satellite – Uses satellites orbiting the earth, has speeds slower than DSL or Cable Modem service but faster than Dial-up service. Severe weather affects the Internet connectivity speeds. Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) – New technology available over the power lines in very limited areas and has comparable speeds to DSL and Cable Modem. Has significant potential because power lines are available everywhere. These Internet technologies are available in Maine but may be limited in service offerings for the rural areas where NHS is located. Brodkin, Jon. (2013, Jan 7). Satellite...
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... VIII. Power line Communication IX. DSL X. Wireless ISP 3. Broadband Services I. In Telecommunication System II. In Data Communication 4. Bibliography 5. Appendix Introduction Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just broadband, is a high data rate Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up access using a 56k modem. Dial-up modems are limited to a bitrate of less than 56 kbit/s (kilobits per second) and require the full use of a telephone line—whereas broadband technologies supply more than double this rate and generally without disrupting telephone use. Although various minimum bandwidths have been used in definitions of broadband, ranging up from 64 kbit/s up to 2.0 Mbit/s, the 2006 OECD report is typical by defining broadband as having download data transfer rates equal to or faster than 256 kbit/s, while the United States (US) Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as of 2009, defines "Basic Broadband" as data transmission speeds exceeding 768 kilobits per second (Kbps), or 768,000 bits per second, in at least one direction: downstream (from the Internet to the user’s computer) or upstream (from the user’s computer to the Internet). The trend is to raise the threshold of the broadband definition as the marketplace rolls out faster services. There are many different technologies that enable broadband connection speeds. The most mainstream of these include fiber, cable, DSL, mobile broadband, WiMax, and satellite (see descriptions...
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