...often shortened to DSM , or an abbreviation that also indicates edition, such as DSM-IV-TR, which indicates fourth edition, text revision of the manual, published in 2000. The DSM-IV-TR provides a classification of mental disorders, criteria sets to guide the process of differentialdiagnosis , and numerical codes for each disorder to facilitate medical record keeping. The stated purpose of the DSM is threefold: to provide "a helpful guide to clinical practice"; "to facilitate research and improve communication among clinicians and researchers"; and to serve as "an educational tool for teaching psychopathology." The multi-axial system The third edition of DSM , or DSM-III , which was published in 1980, introduced a system of five axes or dimensions for assessing all aspects of a patient's mental and emotional health. The multi-axial system is designed to provide a more comprehensive picture of complex or concurrent mental disorders. According to the DSM-IVTR, the system is also intended to "promote the application of the biopsychosocial model in clinical, educational and research settings." The reference to the biopsychosocial model is significant, because it indicates that the DSM-IV-TR does not reflect the view of any specific "school" or tradition within psychiatry regarding the cause or origin (also known as "etiology") of mental disorders. In other words, the DSM-IV-TR is atheoretical in its approach to diagnosis and classification— the axes and categories...
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...Culture-bound syndrome The term culture-bound syndrome was included in the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) which also includes a list of the most common culture-bound conditions (DSM-IV: Appendix I). Included in DSM-IV-TR (4th.ed) the term cultural-bound syndrome denotes recurrent, locality-specific patterns of abnormal behavior and troubling experience that may or may not be linked to a particular DSM-IV-TR diagnostic category. Many of these patterns are naturally considered to be illnesses, or at least afflictions, and most have local names. Although presentations conforming to the major DSM-IV-TR categories can be found throughout the world, the particular symptoms, course, and social response are very often influenced by local cultural factors. In contrast, cultural-bound syndromes are generally limited to specific societies or culture areas and are localized, folk, diagnostic categories that frame coherent meanings for certain repetitive, patterned, and troubling sets of experiences and observations. In medicine, a culture-specific syndrome or culture-bound syndrome is a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture. There are no objective biochemical or structural alterations of body organs or functions, and the disease is not recognized in other cultures. While a substantial portion of mental...
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...Analyst of Various Disorders Sonia Oliver PSY410 Abnormal Psychology May 24, 2010 Vallery Tovey MA, MA, CAAC, ICRC Analyst of Various Disorders According to the DSM-IV-TR there are various mental disorders that fall under different classifications. Anxiety Disorder has various listings like OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) is classified under this disorder. Cyclothymic Disorder is classified under Mood and Affective Disorders. Dissoactive Identity Disorder is classified under Dissociative Disorders. Also according to the DSM-IV-TR, Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder is classified under Somatoform Disorder. In describing the symptoms of these disorders under each category, included will be the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral component of above listed disorders. One of the various disorders listed under Anxiety Disorder is OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) were the individual will form recurring and unwanted anxiety that will produce feelings and compulsive routines. The individual is trying to form a way to provide protection for him or herself (Hansell & Damour, 2008). The biological component may include in other Axis I disorder is present; there is an obsessions or compulsion, which is not restricted to it. The individual can form various habits that include; fixation of food that leads to an eating disorder. The individual can begin pulling his or her hair out (APA, 2000). Emotionally the individual’s disorder is obsessions or compulsion...
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...contributions to the ODD project were to provide a comparative diagnostic analysis covering DSM-IV-TR and DSM V criteria. The symptoms did change a little between the two and in the DSM V the criteria is broken down into sub-classifications which are angry-irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness. This change highlights that the disorder reflects both emotional and behavioral symptomatology. Also for the DSM V the sub-classifications need to be happening for at least six months as evidenced by at least four symptoms from any of the following categories, and exhibited during interaction with at least one individual who is not a sibling, compared to the DSM-IV-TR where, a pattern of negativistic, hostile,...
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...this introduction I will discuss three differences in the DSM-IV and DSM-5. I will also discuss the role of the DSM-5 in making diagnosis. I will explain why it is used to make these diagnoses. I then will discuss what important questions I would ask a client when conducting a clinical interview. Finally I will explain how I would make a diagnosis using the DSM-5 if I was a counselor and how I would ensure that there is no misdiagnosis. DSM-5 DSM is short for Diagnostic Systems Manual and is used in the psychology field to diagnose mental health disorders. The DSM-5 has many differences than the DSM-IV, many which are additional information on already known disorders and some are new disorders. One such change is the new re-clustering of the Autism disorders now titled as Autism Spectrum Disorders, where as in the DSM-IV it was broken down into many different categories it is all under one category in the DSM-5. The new re-clustering includes attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well. All of these fall under the Neurodevelopmental disorders section of the DSM-5. Another change is that the mental retardation concept was replaced by intellectual disability (Rodriguez-Testal, 2014). Another change is the phrase “general medical condition” in the DSM-IV is replaced with “another medical condition” where relevant across all disorders in the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The DSM plays a huge role in diagnosing individuals with intellectual...
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...Description of the selected disorder Antisocial personality disorder is a personality disorder code 301.7. Antisocial personality disorder is an Axis II: Developmental and Personality disorder. (DSM-IV-TR, 2011)The DSM-IV says Personality disorders are clinical syndromes that have long lasting symptoms and have a significant effect on how a person lives. Axis II includes Paranoia, Antisocial, and Borderline Personality Disorders. (DSM-IV-TR, 2011) The DSM-IV groups the 11 personality disorders into three clusters based on common characteristics. Antisocial falls into cluster B. The common characteristics of this cluster are: “dramatic, emotional and erratic.”(Sadock& Sadock, 2002, p. 775) The other personality disorders that are categorized in this cluster are: Borderline, Histrionic and Narcissistic. A person with antisocial personality disorder will, disregard and violate the rights of others and show no remorse. They will be deceitful, aggressive, irresponsible and unsocialized. A person with antisocial personality disorder as a child will steal, harm animals, start fires, and most likely get in trouble in school. A lot of times the student ends up expelled. Into adult hood this person cannot hold down a job or maintain a healthy relationship; the person will be incarcerated for petty crimes, but also violent crimes with no regard for authority or rules. A person with antisocial personality disorder will think there is nothing wrong with them, but blame everyone for his...
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...MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS PSY/410 MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS There are a variety of mood and anxiety disorders associated with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV-TR), including: anxiety, mood/affective and dissosociative/somatoform disorders. Furthermore, there are several sub-categories that fall under different mood and anxiety disorders. These include phobias, depression and post-traumatic stress. Each can have their respective type of affect on a person with varying degrees of severity (Benjamin, 2006). According to Hansell & Damour (2008), the common belief is that fear itself is a naturally-promoted human emotion that manufactures anxiety. In addition, anxiety is classified as an emotion filled with uncertainties. DSM IV-TR lists the various disorders and anxiety is one of the common symptoms of anxiety disorders. Anxiety Disorders There is one clear difference between anxiety and fear. Fear itself is associated with a specific stimulus. On the other hand, anxiety is about uncertainty in what the future has in store (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Anxiety overload can quickly produce General Anxiety Disorder, (GAD) and/or panic disorders, as well as social phobia (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Mood/Affective Disorders Personality and moods in most people vary every day, some moderate while others can be more severe. Experiencing feelings of anxiety and fear are normal also, and the level of fear and anxiety can vary. According...
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...from abnormal behaviors. ANS: F 9. Every human being experiences at least mild versions of the feelings and behaviors that are found in mental disorders. ANS: T 10. Most mental disorders have both psychological and biological causes. ANS: T 11. If a disorder can be treated with medication, that disorder must be caused by a physical problem. ANS: F 12. Every emotional and behavior has both a psychological and a biological aspect. ANS: T 13. Cognitive therapy is based on the belief that problematic emotions and behaviors can be changed by modifying problematic thoughts. ANS: T 14. A classification system is only useful when its categories consistently and accurately fit the phenomena being classified. ANS: T 15. A classification system is only useful when its categories are reliable and valid. ANS: T 16. The main advantage of personality questionnaires is that they assess deeper, less observable emotional and personality patterns. ANS: F MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What subfield of psychology is devoted to the study of psychological disorders? |a. |community psychology...
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...Eating, Substance, Sexual/Gender, Sex, and Personality Disorders The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR, which was published in 2000, is a multi-axial diagnostic tool used by clinicians, psychologists, psychiatrist, and medical professionals for the classification of mental disorders (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Axis I and Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR cover symptom disorders—those typified by unwelcome types of distress and/or impairment—and personality disorders—those exemplified by inflexible personality traits that bring about impairment and/or distress—respectively. It is possible to be diagnosed with both symptom disorders and personality disorders. Notwithstanding, the basic distinction between Axis I and Axis II disorders is that personality disorders tend to be enduring, pervasive, and subjectively indistinguishable; whereas, symptom disorders tend to be acute, specific, and subjectively discernible. This paper will address the biological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of four Axis I symptom disorders: anorexia bulimia, alcohol abuse, sexual pain disorder, and exhibitionism; and one Axis II personality disorder: schizoid personality disorder. Eating Disorders The DSM-IV-TR includes two Axis I categories of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa—restricting and binge-eating/purging types—and bulimia nervosa—purging and non-purging types (BehaveNet, 1997-2010, n.p.). Anorexia nervosa affects between 0.5% and 1% of the general population...
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...disorders, substance abuse, sexual, gender identity and/or personality disorders. When an individual suffers from an eating disorder their perception of the self is blurred with a constant need to be “skinner”. Society plays a major role in self-perception. Society portrays beauty as women and men who weigh ninety-five pounds. Due to this current obsession to be skinny in today’s society, many young girls and boys will develop an eating disorder, or turn to drugs and alcohol as a way to escape from the daily pressures to be beautiful in today’s society. This paper will analyze the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of eating, substance abuse, sex/gender/sexual, and personality disorders. The DSM-IV-TR includes two axis I categories of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa—restricting and binge-eating/purging types—and bulimia nervosa—purging and non-purging types. Biological factors involved with eating disorders include genetic basis, hormonal excesses and deficiencies and abnormal neural activity. People who suffer from anorexia and bulimia usually have low serotonin levels as well as structural brain abnormalities. High expectations set by parents is a key factor in the emotional aspect of this disorder. Many strive toward high expectations and suffer the effects of not reaching them (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Parents may not realize their behavior towards weight loss has an effect on their children. The reality television show, Toddlers and Tiaras...
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...of diagnostic categorizing system. These efforts have progressed from methods that vaguely lists disorders, to more thorough, modern methods, like DSM- IV- TR, this method lists numerous amounts of different mental disorders. Psychopathology is the study of mental illness, abnormal/maladaptive behavior. Psychopathology is a term commonly used in psychiatry whereas pathology relates to disease progressions. The standard classification system for psychopathology is the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual (DSM-1). The DSM is a manual, published by the American Psychiatric Association, listing the official diagnostic classifications of mental disorders. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DMS-1) is the official manual listing psychiatric and psychological disorders. This manual was published by the American Psychiatric Association in 1952, takes its coding scheme from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is a diagnostic manual for all medical diseases. The DSM was commonly used by physicians/medical professionals, insurance companies and many courts systems. Courts used the DSM to define and diagnose mental disorders, and the diagnostics code that was attached to the case would regulate insurance reimbursements for treating the individual. The controversy amongst the DSM-1 and DSM-II was due to the United States being controlled by Freud’s psychodynamic perspective, which focused on the origins of mental illness and the unconscious...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder: DSMDiagnosing and Empirically-Based TreatmentKelli RodriguezCapella University1 Borderline Personality Disorder AbstractThe DSM-IV is widely used in the mental health field. Some of its many uses include providinga common language among professionals about psychopathology and delineating criteria for diagnosing individuals with mental disorders. This paper explores the purpose, history, andlimitations of the DSM diagnostic approach. A case study is provided and the DSM-IV-TR isused to diagnosis borderline personality disorder. The disorder is described and an empirically- based treatment plan is offered.2 Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder: DSM Diagnosing and Empirically-Based TreatmentThe APA (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is widelyused by mental health professionals. It provides a common language about psychopathologyamong clinicians, researchers, students, and other mental health professionals. Since its inceptioninto the field of mental health, it has made a huge impact on clinical practice, research, andeducation. Although it has advanced the field of mental health, there is still criticism of theDSM classification system. Despite its limitations, it continues to be considered an importantreference for mental health professionals. This paper will explore the DSM’s use within the fieldof psychopathology. Then it will be applied to a case study of a 15 year-old girl with...
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...PSYC 406 Quiz 3 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc-406-quiz-3/ Question 1 of 25 2.0 Points According to the authors of the journal article for Forum 3, recipients of social support are often: A.very pleased B.sometimes worse off C.resentful D.well-adjusted Question 2 of 25 2.0 Points According to the journal article for Forum 3, recipients of social support may experience: A.lowered self-esteem B.feelings of indebtedness C.receiving the wrong kind of support D.All of the above Question 3 of 25 2.0 Points The authors of the journal article for Forum 3 hypothesize: A.having insecure attachment history with parents causes one to benefit from emotional support in adulthood B.having secure attachment history with parents causes one to benefit from emotional support in adulthood C.having secure attachment history with parents causes one to benefit from instrumental support in adulthood D.having an insecure attachment history with parents causes no notable differences in response to emoational support in adulthood Question 4 of 25 2.0 Points According to Bowlby, as cited in the journal article for Forum 3, the earliest working models: A.are in response to interactions with signficant caregivers B.are formed while a fetus C.are formed during adolescence D.are in response to cultural prompts Question 5 of 25 2.0 Points Central to the study of psychopathology...
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...oneself. By analyzing the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of anxiety, mood/affective and dissociative/somatoform disorder one can begin to understand and identify the complexity of mental disorders. Diagnostic categories and classification for the use of identifying and diagnosing mental disorders is outlined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV-TR) (Hansell & Damour, 2008). This paper will explore the major categories of anxiety, mood/affective and dissociative/somatoform disorders, list symptoms associated with each, and discuss the biological, cognitive, and behavioral influences of each. The DSM IV-TR category for anxiety encompasses several disorders that fall within similar or shared symptoms. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, and general anxiety disorder are a few covered in the matrix. The matrix also categorizes mood/affective disorders to include hypomanic episode, dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder, and manic episodes. Dissociative/somatoform categories are dissociative amnesia, depersonalization disorder, and dissociative fugue, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, somatization disorder (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Symptoms vary based on category and disorder the matrix does demonstrate several...
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...Sadistic Self-defeating Psychopathy v t e Antisocial (or dissocial) personality disorder is characterized by a lack of empathy or remorse and a pervasive pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of others. There may be an impoverished moral sense or conscience and a history of crime, legal problems, and impulsive and aggressive behavior. Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is the name of the disorder as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). Dissocial personality disorder is the name of a similar or equivalent concept defined in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), where it states that the diagnosis includes antisocial personality disorder. Both manuals have similar but not identical criteria.[1] Both have also stated that their diagnoses have been referred to, or include what is referred to, as psychopathy or sociopathy, though distinctions are sometimes made.[2][3][4][5][6] Contents [hide] 1 Diagnosis 1.1 DSM-IV-TR 1.2 ICD-10 2 Further considerations 2.1 Psychopathy 2.2 Theodore Millon's...
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