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Dual Executives

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1. The term “Dual Executives” can be described as a government system in which power is shared between both a prime minister and a president. The prime minister is referred to as the head of the government, while the president is the head of state. This form of government is utilized in both France and Russia. In France the division of power is based off the political party of both the two leaders. The majority of the time if both the president and prime minister are from the same political party the president will decided how much power the prime minster has. If they are from opposing parties defense and foreign policy are covered by president, while domestic and economic policy are covered by the prime minster. In Russia the president is …show more content…
Some countries have overcome their problems after many years of struggles. The problems they face differ can be organized into 5 categories fast track states, slow track states, side tracked states, the off track states, back tracked states. Each track represents how much progress each country has achieved since their fall of communism. Georgia and Kosovo differ from most European countries as their post-communism issues mostly focus on turmoil. When Georgia broke away from the control of it’s capitol the turmoil began to commence. These two areas are focused more on rebuilding a new country from start and keeping their areas war free.
3. a. Cohabitation is defined as a state of government when the position of prime minister and president are held by two different political parties. This practice is significant due to all of the way it encourages different political parties to work together or “cohabitate”. This is important in a dual executive political …show more content…
“Mainstreaming” the “foreigner” issue refers to informing the general public about the increased number of immigrants that have traveled into a country. This is significant to when the muslin population drastically rose in France. This became significant in the political process when President Sarkozy became angry with Muslims in France that didn’t adopt to French culture.
d. The Velvet Revolution was when the Czechoslovkian Communist Party relinquished authority to Czech and leaders who had been struggling for liberation. This is a major political event as it marked the end of over 4 decades of Communist rule in Czechoslovakia and marked the beginning of parliamentary republic.
4. Constitutional Engineering is defined as members of a government creating laws or provisions that are in written form, known as the “constitution”. Britian, France and The United States have constitutions based on this principle. After World War 2 they created “West Germany’s Constitution”. Examples are The Chancellor Principle, The Constructive No Confidence Vote, The 5% clause and Public Financing of Parties.
5. Seven (7) Multinational States:
5.1: United Kingdom – Indian 5.2: Pakistan – Gujarati 5.3: Nigeria -

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