...30 Tips for Home or School Using Cues to Enhance Receptive Communication By: MaryAnn Demchak, Charmaine Rickard, & Marty Elquist Purpose of this fact sheet July 2002 Figure 1 This fact sheet will provide you information on: • The difference between receptive and expressive communication • The importance of using cues to augment what we say • Who benefits from extra cues • Using cues to convey different types of messages • Important guidelines to remember when using cues What is Communication? Communication is made up of two parts: receptive and expressive Alsop, L. (1993) communication (Figure 1). Receptive communication refers to the way a listener receives & understands a message from a communication partner*. Expressive communication refers to how one conveys a message to a communication partner by gesturing, speaking, writing, or signing. Meaning can be added to expressive communication by using specific body language or vocal inflection. For more information on this topic, please see the project fact sheet Providing Cues to Enhance Expressive Communication. Importance of Using Cues to Enhance Understanding Infants and children with multiple disabilities often have difficulty understanding spoken words. Spoken words can be accompanied in many different ways from simple (e.g., gestures, facial expressions) to far more complex methods (e.g., sign language, written words) (See Figure 2). It is important to provide additional information to these children through the...
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...I am a homeschooled dual credit student through Maloney Christian Academy currently enrolled in the Lone Star Honors College Kingwood. I am a survivor of quadruplets born at twenty-six weeks and two days. Having spent the first eighty-one days of my life in the NICU (New Born Intensive Care Unit), perseverance and overcoming obstacles has been a part of my life since the beginning. Living with my two surviving siblings has taught me many important responsibility and teamwork skills. The ability to apply those skills has brought me to great aspirations. This is my third semester at Lone Star Kingwood; I am currently conducting research for my Honors Microeconomics presentation. I am becoming involved in Phi Theta Kappa, the Math and Engineering...
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... The interest in this essay will be the academic curriculum transition from secondary education to higher educational institutions such as colleges and universities. Interest in this area affects many individuals preparing for education beyond K12. The purpose of this essay is to provide an outline of how implement a curriculum improvement plan that goes beyond high school transitioning to colleges and universities. Analysis of Curriculum Articulation and Alignment Curriculums in many high schools (systems) throughout America vary, but regionally many public school systems are similar, especially if they are in the same state. Most states mandate certain criteria that must exist in terms of what is expected for graduation. However, school districts do develop their own curriculums, as long as the elements that are mandated exist in the development of each school districts academic plan. By focusing on existing articulation programs a review of what is occurring in Wisconsin and with some reference to California will be used as a comparison to the proposed plan. In most school systems the goal of curriculum articulation as it applies in Wisconsin and California, is to provide educators a method where they can work towards an established articulated curriculum. (Alexson & Kemnitz, 2004) The target is to provide students with a transition between their secondary education towards colleges or universities. (Alexson & Kemnitz, 2004) The overall goal of the Wisconsin...
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...Education: What’s the point of it all? Athambile Masola – 9 October 2014, p.18 1. A few weeks ago, I read an article to my grade 11 students with the headline “Youth unemployment in South Africa – apartheid is alive and well”. My students are usually opinionated when it comes to certain issues, but not this time. They walked out of the classroom in silence. I noticed their quizzical looks and decided that the question lurking behind their silence had to be: “So what’s the point of it all?” 2. The news article made a compelling argument about the reality of youth unemployment in South Africa. According to the Graduate Destination Survey published in 2013 by the Cape Higher Education Consortium, those who are most likely to be employed are white and Indian South Africans. Black and coloured graduates are likely to be unemployed after graduating from university or college. According to the article: “The report notes that the unemployment rate for coloured and black people would be significantly larger if it were not for the intervention of the public sector, which employs a large number of black (at 42%) and coloured (at 45%) graduates. Despite this, black graduates maintained the highest unemployment rate (at 19%) with coloured graduates following at 7%.” 3. My students are black and coloured so these numbers and demographics are significant to them. The article suggests that in spite of their hard work in high school and at university, they are likely to be unemployed...
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...Chapter Summaries Translation Nation – Hector Tobar 1. In chapter one, Americanismo – City of Peasants, Hector Tobar first introduces the idea of Americanismo: immigrants have cultural dual citizenship in physical living in America and keeping their cultural identity alive in the home. The people who form a nation, like America, have an integrated identity composed of their cultural origin. 2. In chapter 2, Where Green Chiles Roam – No es imposibl, Tobar depicts the dichotomy of illegal immigration at the border, one side with the fantasy of life across the border and the other side, the reality of living in America. This highlights that living conditions and perspective are truly a function of perspective. 3. In chapter 3, Brother Citizen, Brother Alien – Sin fronteras, Tobar portrays a specific encounter he had with two brothers that are separated by citizenship, cultural and national. 4. In chapter 4, The Wanderers – El destierro, Tobar depicts the lives of immigrants, the channels through which they cross and life after crossing the border. It is one depicted of wandering travel and job seeking. 5. In chapter 5, In the Land of the New – En la tierra de lo nuevo, Tobar illustrates fantasy, of those who immigrate, meeting reality through brokenness in the education system. 6. In chapter 6, Our Secret Latin Heartlands – Los secretos del machete, Tobar depicts the phenomenon of immigrants who reject their Mexican cultural identity for the desperate hope...
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...recognition of humanity should be the central focus of human existence. • Within a historical context both humanization and dehumanization are possible realities. • The very attempt to deny our humanity, through the process of dehumanization, reaffirms our humanity. • Humanization is characterized in terms of: o Yearning for freedom and justice o Struggle to recover humanity o Emancipation of labor o Overcoming of alienation o Affirmation of the individual • Dehumanization is characterized in terms of: o Injustice o Exploitation o Oppression o Violence o Those robbed of their humanity o Those who have robbed others of their humanity • Struggle: is defined in terms of one’s attempt to overcome one’s oppression. o Limitation of Struggle: 1 Cannot seek to oppress the oppressor as a consequence of one’s attempt at liberation. 1 • Task of the Oppressed: o Liberate themselves o Liberate the oppressor • Liberation: o Both the oppressed and the oppressor require liberation 1 The assumption that only the oppressed require liberation is incorrect. 2 o Only arises from the those oppressed 3 o Cannot be attained by chance or circumstance 4 o Can only be attained through a fight for liberation. 5 The fight is actually an act of love. 6 • False Generosity: only meaningful insofar as injustice is still perpetrated. AKA “lovelessness”. 7 o False Charity: seek...
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...Uni Name | Youth Labour Segmented Market Theories | Essay | | Client Name | @XXXXXXXX | | Contents Introduction 2 Segmentation of the Labour Market 3 Theories about Segmented Labour Markets 3 The Dual Labour Market Theory 6 Summary 9 References 10 Introduction The behaviour and life experiences of young people have vastly evolved throughout the past few decades. These changes impact on their relationships between family and friends, their experience of the job market, as well as the educational system and of course, their ability to establish themselves as an individual. According to Furlong and Cartmel (1997), many of these changes are due to the structural changes in the job/labour market. Further, the social organisation of taking different career paths in life has been replaced with more discrete variation (Haaland, 1991). Making that shift from school life to working life tend to be less determined, more flexible, and above all daunting (Ellingsæter, 1995). Beck (1997) and Giddens (1991) claim that the terms “individualisation” and “risk” are often associated with younger people’s behaviour and conditions within a labour society. Individualisation denotes the traditional social groups or segments that are of importance like gender, ethnicity and class are branded as being fragmented and somewhat less important (Pollock, 1997). Though, Furlong and Cartmel (1997) argue that these social structures are of importance and that...
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...Biracial Identities within the African American and White Communities Black enough, white enough, light or dark enough are just a few aspects to a biracial individual’s physical perception. For many with one ethic background, understanding who and what they are tends to be reflections of the expectations that are held by society. Those who carry a dual ethnic background have dealt with many expectations of identification not only by society but by standards upheld culturally as well as a parental influence in regards to exposure to both ethnicities. From early interactions of blacks and whites, a slave master and his slaves operated with a purpose to erase blacks from society and purify the American race. These actions transitioned the views of biracial individuals into a focus of passing through society as color was essential and being too dark was detrimental. Historically, self identification and association with specific ethnic backgrounds were dismissed to fit society’s standards causing one to identify as more white than black. Passing through the early 20th century became an important component to a person deriving from the African American and White communities. Jim Crow laws and other governmental provisions denied many African Americans opportunities in everyday life because of their darker skin causing a huge jump for those who were biracial; black and white to take advantage of their light skin to “pass” in order to get through society. Light bright skin just...
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...College Costs and Potential Solutions for Students College cost becomes a main factor for an individual who is deciding whether or not higher education is the most reasonable decision. Based on statistics alone, the majority of students planning to further their education will most likely take on debt in the process. As a result, students may find it necessary to seek alternative resources in order to receive their education. This issue of tuition costs, specifically, have also been addressed several times by President Barack Obama, who has devised plans to eventually lower the costs. In addition to tuition costs, students must also spend a significant amount of money on books. Unless alternative approaches are taken, the costs of higher education will continue to increase, which may deter students from attending college immediately after high school. In today’s society, a college degree has become a necessity for anyone planning to establish a career. Because the concept of college is so valued, ambitious students want to make the best of their education. However, as the demand for a degree increases, the cost of college also progressively increases. This allows for colleges to manipulate the cost of tuition for their own benefit, as they are aware that some students would be willing to pay the full cost. The students, who are unwilling or unable to pay these high tuitions, might ultimately have to seek other options even if they are good students. However, even if the...
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...They believe that all human beings should have equal rights * Reformism is the progress towards equal rights and freedoms through gradual reforms * They feel that laws against sex discrimination will lead towards a rise in equal rights * Also they feel that changes in culture will help equality, e.g. stereotypes being abolished Sex and Gender * Like Ann Oakley liberal feminists find a difference between sex and gender; * Sex refers to biological differences * Gender refers to culturally constructed differences between masculine and feminine roles * While sex differences are fixed, gender is different for different cultures, this is the part Liberal feminists want to change * Want to promote equality in education and the media * Take political action to introduce anti-discriminatory laws * Liberal feminist criticise the Funtionalist views of Parsons, regarding the Instrumental and Expressive roles * They feel that men and women are equally capable of performing either role, however society is constructed to tell us which role to adhere to * Liberal feminists do have a consensus view on society – they accept that there are conflicts between men and women but argue that it’s a product of outdated attitudes Evaluation of liberal feminism * Experiments conducted by liberal feminists have produced evidence legitimising gender inequality in work (equal pay), the media etc. * They have also shown, through their work, that gender...
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...The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and the 2004 reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) mandate that statewide tests be used to measure and evaluate student progress. This leaves educators striving to adapt their instruction to accommodate the needs of students in terms of learning styles and ability. It has been suggested in the literature that virtual reality (VR) has the potential to assist educators in accommodating individual differences in terms of learning style, ability, and engagement (Muscott & Gifford, 1994; Chen, Toh, & Ismail, 2005; Neel, 2006; and Tiala, 2007). Virtual reality can be defined as a text and graphics-based environment that is created by a computer. Today’s students are proficient in using technology; ninety percent of children in the U.S. between the ages of 5 and 17 use computers on a regular basis (DeBell & Chapman, 2003). It stands to reason that integrating virtual reality technology into lessons would improve student motivation and engagement. Levels of Virtual Reality The educational community in general has been slow to embrace virtual reality as an assistive technology. This is most likely to due to its cost and its complexity. Many school districts are already overburdened financially and have difficulty providing students with what have always been considered the basic necessities: teachers, books, and equipment. Providing basic computer equipment and Internet access to students is an arduous financial task all on...
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...the most obvious, important realities are often the ones that are hardest to see and talk about.”(This Is Water p.1) With the story as a backdrop, he argues that the significance of liberal arts education isn’t about learning how to think, but is...
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...“She Walks in Beauty” is a poem written in 1814 by Lord Byron. It is one of his most famous poems that describe a woman of much beauty and elegance. It is told from the third person omniscient point of view. The first couple of lines can be a little confusing if not read correctly. This poem is said to be inspired by the vision of his cousin by marriage. It was the first of many poems to be set to Jewish tunes from the synagogue by Isaac Nathan (Pete, A. 1999). In the following pages we will break apart the poem and describe more of the literacy contents that this poem contains. We first will discuss the theme of the poem. The theme of a literary work is the idea continuously developed throughout the poem by sets of key words that identify the poet’s subject and his attitude or feelings about it; it may also be suggested by the title of a poem or by the segments of the poem. The theme of this poem in this authors eyes, would be the women’s exceptional beauty, in-side as well as out-side. This poem praises the woman’s strength of body, spirit and mind as well as the beauty. Next we will talk about the first couple of lines of this poem; if a reader reads these lines incorrectly it would be harder for them to understand this poem. Many times the reader stops at the end of the first line, where this is no punctuation. This is called an enjambed line, which means that it continues with our pause onto the second line (Clugston, 2010). This author feels...
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...post-modern family Over 30 years ago, C. Wright Mills (1959) described the post-modern period as one in which the economy would shift employment from heavy industry to non-unionized clerical, service, and new industrial sectors. He foresaw the rise of multinational corporations, trouble in the social welfare system, and decline in human freedom and choice. At that time he wondered how the human family would respond to and adjust to this new period in world history. Post-modernism, by no means simple to define, is characterized by a "close reading" of small units rather than general theorizing about big ideas. The postmodern tends towards elaboration, eclecticism, ornamentation, and inclusiveness; it dismisses the existence of an absolute reality and is deeply suspicious of the concept of human progress (Doherty 1991). If we define the current ongoing effort to remake contemporary family life as the post-modern family, such a definition carries with it overtones from the definition of postmodern art and literature. In these fields the term post-modern signals the end of a familiar pattern of activity and emergence of new areas of endeavour whose activities are unclear and whose meanings and implications are not yet well understood. Thus, the post-modern is characterized by uncertainty, insecurity, and doubt (Stacey 1990). Full consensus on the definition of the emerging post-modern family structure has not been reached, despite recognition of the need for better understanding...
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...Conceptual Framework Most research reports cast the problem statement within the context of a conceptual or theoretical framework.4 A description of this framework contributes to a research report in at least two ways because it (1) identifies research variables, and (2) clarifies relationships among the variables. Linked to the problem statement, the conceptual framework “sets the stage” for presentation of the specific research question that drives the investigation being reported. For example, the conceptual framework and research question would be different for a formative evaluation study than for a summative study, even though their variables might be similar. Scholars argue that a conceptual or theoretical framework always underlies a research study, even if the framework is not articulated.5 This may seem incongruous, because many research problems originate from practical educational or clinical activities. Questions often arise such as “I wonder why such an event did not [or did] happen?” For example, why didn't the residents' test-interpretation skills improve after they were given feedback? There are also occasions when a study is undertaken simply to report or describe an event, e.g., pass rates for women versus men on high-stakes examinations such as the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1. Nevertheless, it is usually possible to construct at least a brief theoretical rationale for the study. The rationale in the USMLE example may be, for...
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