...that would there be enough demand for Elecdyne’s electronic products globally. Elecdyne would have to analyse the market demands of its chosen countries where Elecdyne wants to internationalise. Elecdyne would have to take into account that the consumers needs and wants vary in each country. 4. Networking - could lead to knowledge transferral and partnership in study and growth from interaction between global companies. This could help Elecdyne’s business growth and increase profits. Part 2 consists of identifying a suitable framework to use to illustrate the factors that have been focused on in part one: In order to illustrate and present the factors which have been talked about in the above stage suitably, the Dunning framework model has been chosen to accomplish that. Dunning’s eclectic theory has been selected as it...
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...After proving that Trump isn’t intelligent, Fallows follows up with the argument by utilizing the term “Dunning-Kruger effect,” which appeals to logos. The effect states that “the more limited someone is in reality, the more talented the person imagines himself to be.” Fallows previously revealed the vanity embedded in Trump’s public twitter post with a satirical tone, and so the Dunning-Kruger effect logically proves that Trump has limited intelligence. By associating scientific knowledge in the argument, the author provides firm evidence to the audience that clearly explains why Trump isn’t smart. It also may make the argument to be more persuasive as it appeals to a wider range of audience who seeks for a concrete evidence in the reasons behind Trump’s lacking intelligence. Fallows finally ends the article with a serious tone, claiming that Trump, “despite his claimed omniscience, would not even recognize the term,” emphasizing how ridiculous it is for Trump to even describe himself...
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...I advised the driver later identified from her Pennsylvania diver's license as Eboni Dunning the reason for the traffic stop. I informed Dunning that her vehicle's registration was type F for insurance cancelation. Dunning stated "I have insurance on my vehicle". I asked Dunning for her license, registration and proof of insurance when she replied "I don't have to show you anything". I informed Dunning that she was obligated to show me the documents and she started to walk away. Dunning said I have to get some things for my child in the store and continued to walk away. I told Dunning that she was to stay near her vehicle but she continued to walk away. I grabbed Dunning by her arm and she began to resist me. Dunning was taken by her arm and placed on her hood so hand cuffs could be applied. Dunning became physical and tried to run away from me. Pennsylvania State Trooper Michael Ryan and a bystander arrived on scene and assisted with hand cuffing Dunning. Dunning was handcuffed and she continued to resist arrest. Trooper Ryan assisted me with taking Dunning to my patrol vehicle. My patrol vehicle's door was opened and Dunning was ordered to get into the back seat. Dunning stated "Why am I under arrest". I informed Dunning and told her to get into the vehicle which she refused. Dunning was forcefully put into the back seat By Trooper Ryan, Myself and Officer Moyer. While Dunning was resisting Myself along with Trooper Ryan...
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...INTRODUCTION International business activity is by no means a recent phenomenon. The lives of Phoenicians and Carthaginians, in the ancient world, were deeply dependent on international business. This economic activity included foreign direct investment (FDI), joint ventures and strategic alliances, among other forms of internationalisation (Moore and Lewis, 1999). Several multinational corporations (MNEs) can also be identified in Europe in the middle ages and in the beginning of the modern era (Dunning, 1993a; Jones, 1996). The origins of modern international business activity however, are associated with the industrial revolution. Modern MNEs, in particular, have their roots in the massive international movement of factors that took place in the nineteenth century (Dunning, 1993a: p.99). Resource-seeking was the most common motivation of FDI in this period, even if by 1850 many firms had already crossed the Atlantic, in both directions, in what can be defined as market-seeking investment (Dunning, 1993a: p.100; Jones, 1996: p.5). 8 Despite the presence of FDI, most foreign investment in the nineteenth century - and indeed until the late 1940s – was portfolio capital. As a result, international business activity was largely ignored in economic theory until the late 1950s. On the one hand, the phenomenon did not have a major perceived economic impact. It was widely assumed that MNEs were a passing post-war phenomenon originating in the United States (Jones, 1996: p.3). On the...
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...How Exxon Mobil would manage its FDI in an emerging market Investment decisions by firms are subject to rigorous planning and coordination and when they cater to the firms’ interests in expanding its business beyond the borders of its home country, the parameters for analysis change. The company has to think beyond its own domestic construct and towards a more broad-based approach. Multinationals have to consider a completely new array of factors which range across the home country, the foreign country and even the distance in between. In today’s world of interconnectedness, FDI has been facilitated through the use of modern technology and the transferability of technology across boundaries. The global trading environment allows for investment flows across countries. While countries may be wary of imports, FDI is always welcomed as it leads to job creation within an economy and a boost to GDP. The FDI decision would itself be one needing intense planning, strategizing and thorough analysis. The factors which determine investment decisions by large firms vary across countries and it is up to the firms to determine whether the costs incurred by the variances among these parameters would be worth the price of admission. The cost benefit analysis has to be thorough given that the company is exploring new markets which could be considered a whole new world within the context of the company. Stepping out of the bounds of its own industrial and economical context and towards a global...
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...Historian Synopses: • Dunning School (Traditional): Dunning and Moore. It is a Tragic Era. The Southerners were tortured. The two underlying foundations: (1) the South should have been readmitted quickly after its defeat (2) there should have been no discussion of racial equality for the freedmen. He is accused of being racist and pro-southern. The Republicans were divided between leniency (conservatives) and punishment (scalawags and carpetbaggers – radicals). The freedmen are not to be blamed because they were pawns and were used by the Republicans. Once a freedman voted for a Republican, he was not paid back for his loyalty. Corrupt and incompetent Reconstruction governments that were eventually overthrown when Democrats regained control and the Tragic Era could come to an end. Bitterness and hatred between the races resulted. South was converted into a colonial appendage. What the Radicals were trying to do was dominate the South as though it were a colony. Moore emphasizes the punishment of North on South. This is the very negative Traditional school • Revisionist School: Simpkins & Woody. In spite of the Traditional charges of incompetence, the Reconstruction governments achieved a lot. Most wrote new constitutions that introduced long-needed laws about school, administration, civil and judicial rights, etc. They were successful. The Reconstruction governments were not controlled by blacks. In no Southern state was there what Dunning called inefficient...
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...Discuss the antecedents of International Business Models. International business models can be classified into two main categories: country-based theories and firm-based theories. Country-based theories view business in a macro perspective from a point a view of a nation and focus on trading phenomenon particularly in exports and imports. While firm-based theories are modern theories that emerged after the Second World War as it views business in a micro perspective from the angle of a firm. Despite the different perspectives of firm-based theories and country-based theories, they are interlinked and complement each other. The firm-based theories were developed from classic country-based theories and supported with empirical research. Country-based theories are international business theories that argue on the evolvement of business since the 16th century. The theories are classical theories that derived from an economic perspective. There are 4 theories involved in country-based theories. They are Mercantilism Theory, Absolute Advantage Theory, Comparative Advantage Theory and Heckscher-Ohlin Theory. Firm-based theories attempt to explain business phenomena related to international trade. Mercantilism theory was the first theory of international business that emerged in England in the mid of 16th century. The principal affirmation of the theory was its gold and silver were the mainstays of national wealth and essential to dynamic business. It was a political economy...
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...1 Activity Assignment: Unskilled and Unaware of It John Smith, Michael Anderson, Joshua Jones, Tamika Brumfeld, Ronnie Evans Barksdale College Abstract Self-esteem is an individual's estimate of one's own self worth, the extent of individual views of good, competence, and decent. Within this activity paper we will discuss why self esteem is important, and why there are discrepancies between the actual self and the ideal self. This paper will discuss the theory of cognitive dissonance in regards to the self-evaluation theory, self-affirmation theory and the realization trap while defining the self-discrepancy theory. The need for high individual self-esteem may lead to irrational logic and individual actions against their own best interest as will be theoretically supported throughout this paper. Concluding that our teams position, will support the theory that individual competence may be inaccurate at times to maintain individual self-esteem. Self-esteem is defined as an individual’s estimate of his or hers own self-worth and the extent of individual views of what is good competent and decent. This activity paper will discuss the importance of self-esteem and explore any discrepancies between the actual self and the ideal self. The theory of cognitive dissonance as it relates to the self-evaluation theory, self-affirmation theory and the realization trap will be covered while also defining the self-discrepancy theory. This paper will theoretically...
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...a person's self-esteem decisions. Where people in different cases come to realize that the choices they have made overpower their superior perfect logic, they have to deal with the consequences that come along with the choices they have made. Self-Esteem over Logic and Beliefs According to Cherry (2010), “self-esteem is how a person values oneself”. It is a personality trait which comes from the inside of a person. It is all about what one believes about his/her looks, emotions, and behavior. It is an extremely essential need in a person so they can behave normally and be socially healthy. Self-esteem is intertwined with a person’s thoughts, and can also be called self-worth, self-respect or self-value. According to Kruger and Dunning (1999), “People often hold overly complimentary opinions of their abilities in many social and intellectual domains.” Many individuals end up doing things wrong without even realizing it, for the sake of a positive self-esteem. This paper will give examples of behavior that throw logic and common sense out the window when an individual is consumed by the need for positive self-worth. Case study McArthur Wheeler was a thief who robbed a bank without a mask on while there were surveillance cameras on. He was then arrested only to say that he had applied some lemon juice on his face through which magic, known only to him, would help him not be seen by the cameras. His need to rob a bank...
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...PARADIGM INTERNATIONAL OF THEECLECTIC PRODUCTION: A RESTATEMENT SOMEPOSSIBLE AND EXTENSIONS JohnH. Dunning* Universityof Reading and Rutgers University Abstract.Thisarticlereviewssome of the criticisms directed towards of the eclecticparadigm international over production the pastdecade, and restatesits maintenets.The secondpartof the articleconsiders a numberof possibleextensionsof the paradigm concludesby and that it remains robustgeneralframework explaining "a for asserting not of andanalysing onlythe economic rationale economic production and to but manyorganisational impact issuesin relation MNEactivity as well." INTRODUCTION The concept of the eclectic paradigmof international production'was first put forwardby the presentauthorin 1976 at a presentation a Nobel Symposium to in Stockholmon TheInternational Allocationof EconomicActivity.2 intention The was to offera holisticframework which it was possibleto identifyand evaluate by of the significance the factorsinfluencing both the initialact of foreignproduction and by enterprises the growthof such production. choice of the word eclectic The was an ambitiousyet deliberate one. It was meant to convey the idea that a full of of activities enterprises explanation the transnational needsto drawupon several strandsof economic theory;and that foreigndirect investmentis just one of a numberof possiblechannelsof international economicinvolvement, each of which is determined...
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...Flawed or Not?: That is the Question Shanelle L. Todd and Kayla L. Thompson Brenau University Flawed or Not?: That is the Question What if I told you that the US Naval and Marine corporations funded a what they called, “prison experiment” in 1971, with a goal of finding that the prison environment produces aggressive attitudes? Zimbardo conducted this experiment in the basement of the Psychology department at Stanford University. He took regular everyday college students like you and I made some prisoners and some guards, locked them up in a very small area, and evaluated their behaviors. The question is, how were the guards and the prisoners distinguished between? Now this is where the word evil comes in. In order to make the environment a real “evil” environment the guards wore hats and badges while the prisoners wore nothing but frowsy dresses. This was Zimbardo’s bright idea of an evil environment. So, does perception come into play? Does what each person perceives as evil environments make for a trustworthy study, setting out to support such a claim? Ultimately, did Zimbardo adequately reconstruct a fair representation of a true prison setting or did Zimbardo exaggerate that too? Well, according to two documentary professionals, this study did support that evil environments produces evil behaviors stated not only by Ratnesar’s, but also by Sheere. The funding corporations were kept a secret from the general public for more than 20 years. Just recently on...
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...One of the first times the monster is hurt is from the fire. The monster discovers fire and burns himself, this may have been due to a clear lack of data about the world (Dunning 85-86). Later, the monster wanders into a village and is forced away, even when strangers meet, if they look-alike, they would recognize them as a friend, but the monster is just a monster so they get scared (Gueguen 255). The monster then wanders back to find a hut and lies down in the cold, not learning from his actions or improving just getting upset. Researchers suggest happiness comes from self-love mostly, the monster clearly is looking in the wrong place (Baumeister...
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...economic activities (Peng, 2011). From the views of domestic and international industries, the former competes and collaborates with the foreign entrants, the latter enters an aboard market to get the market share for growing itself up. Peng (2011) argues that International Business includes both international activities and domestic activities. The traditional boundaries of international and domestic business are deliberated blurring, because most of the previously national markets are globalized now. Mention to the current situation about International Business, it is essential to understand what and how International Business is emerged. The variables of why International Business happened have been defined by scholars, first of all, Dunning (2001) believes competitive advantages are quite important to help corporations extend their business. Second, Johnson & Tuner (2003) indicates five drivers of International Business, that are Economy, International governance and regulation, Finance and capital, Communication technology, Social and cultural convergence, etc. Additionally, Huang (2005) and Ashar (2009) argued the improvement of containerization is a support power that accelerates the goods transportation. Furthermore, Paul (2001) points out that not only the former ways, but also competitiveness is an important way in the International Business Variables. Base on the above, through these scholars’ endeavours, the main variables which account for the emergence of International...
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...The Fundamentals of International Business | | Assignment question: There are several theories that seek to explain why FDI takes place. These theories try to explain why firms go to the trouble of acquiring or establishing operations abroad. Such theory includes Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm, Vernon’s Life Cycle and Knickerbocker’s Model to name a few. Your academic paper should illustrate the use of such theories to evaluate the rationale for foreign direct investment for a leading player in your chosen industry. | | | | Student: Matteo Noris ID: 10224550 Course: (BA) International Business Assignment Due Date: 25th January 2012 Unit Tutor: Agnieszka Chidlow Matteo Noris ID: 10224550 Fundamentals of the International Business Submission Date: Wednesday 25th January 2012 Weighting: 30% of the total mark for the Unit * Chosen Assignment Question : 2 Foreign Direct Investment There are several theories that seek to explain why FDI takes place. These theories try to explain why firms go to the trouble of acquiring or establishing operations abroad. Such theories include Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm, Vernon’s Life Cycle and Knickerbocker’s Model to name a few. Your academic paper should illustrate the use of such theories to evaluate the rationale for foreign direct investment for a leading player in your chosen industry. Contents Page Contents Page 2 Abstract 3 Introduction 3 Main Body 4 Conclusions 8 References...
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...Entry Strategies for MNEs in China: The Case of Danone and DHL International Business Winter 2014/2015 Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1. FDIs and Entry in China 3 1.2. Research Contribution 3 1.3. Research Method 3 2. Literature review 4 2.1. FDIs 4 2.2. Macro Environment 5 2.3. Timing of entry 6 3. Discussion 6 3.1. Introduction of Cases 6 3.2. Motives of Entering China 7 3.3. Joint Venture in China 8 4. Conclusion 9 4.1. Implications 9 4.2. Limitations 9 4.3. Research Outlook 9 5. References 9 1. Introduction 2.1. FDIs and Entry in China How should MNEs enter China? MNEs are usually presented with multiple entry choices, namely export, licensing agreements, franchising and FDIs. While each mode presents advantages and disadvantages, FDIs cause MNEs to make direct investments and be directly present in foreign countries, as opposed to indirect investments and presence through other modes of entry, hence the name “foreign direct investment”. But with direct presence in a foreign country MNEs are subject to both formal and informal institutions, and those institutions will directly influence a company’s decisions and it’s mode of entry (Ingram, Silverman 2002). MNEs have to decide whether to go as a first or late mover and due to what kind of motivation they decide to do FDIs in China. In countries with a weak institutional framework, Meyer et al. (2009) find that MNEs should choose the Joint Venture...
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