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1.1 Intro to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions. In addition, statistics is about providing a measure of confidence in any conclusions.
Process of statistics p.6 1. Identify the research objective 2. Collect the data needed to answer the question #1 3. Describe the data 4. Perform inference
Parameter & Statistic Population - the entire group of individuals to be studied Parameter (p) - A numerical summary of a population Sample – a subset (part) of the population to be studied Statistic (s) – a numerical summary of a sample
Descriptive Statistics – data through numerical summaries, tables, and graphs
Inferential Statistics – take the results from the sample, extend it to the population; measure the reliability of the result
Qualitative & Quantitative Variables Qualitative Variable – attribute or characteristic Ex: religious affiliation, gender, number on a jersey Quantitative Variable – numerical
Discrete & continuous Variables (Two types of Quantitative Variables) Discrete Variable – “countable” Ex: points scored at a game, number of children at a playground Continuous Variable – “measured” (has units of measurement) Ex: temperature, weight
Level of Measurement of a Variable
Nominal “to name” – data that consists of names. Labels, or categories only; no arrangement of order (Qualitative)
Ordinal “order” – has properties of nominal level and the naming scheme allows for the values of the variable to be arranged in a specific order (Qualitative)
Interval – has properties of the ordinal level & differences in the values of the variable have meaning. A value of zero does not mean the absence of the quantity (0 degrees). The difference between any two data values is

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