...This paper explains how and why dyslexia affects our children; it will also explain how it affects students and how we can help them. Those who are unfamiliar with the disability will receive an introduction to dyslexia’s characteristics as well as a description of proven methods which have been most effective in helping dyslexic students achieve success. The goal of this analysis is to provide an overview of why a percentage of our children is having difficulties and determine what is interfering with their ability to learn to read and write. During my observance of these students, I noted that these children have dyslexia. I can now understand why so many frustrated parents of children with learning disabilities (LD) with dyslexia lobbied for the establishment of special classes in schools for children with dyslexia. [P]arents pushed for LD programs in schools for two main reasons: many did not see their failing children as mentally retarded and therefore refused to accept placement for them in classes for the mentally retarded, and schools did not provide services for children with severe reading or language difficulties unless they qualified for an existing special education category. …by the late 1950s, medical and psychological research, combined with parental pressure, led to the development of special school programs to meet the needs of a population of children that always had existed but only recently had been recognized. The ideological message in this interpretation...
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...teaching students with disabilities. The article I read was entitled “Teaching a Student with Dyslexia” by Kenneth J. Bryson. Dyslexia is a learning disability that I heard before but was uncertain what it fully meant. My definition was that it was a condition that affected a persons reading and writing abilities. It wasn’t until 2002 The International Dyslexia Association (IDA) adopted the following definition for dyslexia: Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede the growth of vocabulary and background knowledge. Recent statistics from the IDA shows that about 15-20% of the population has dyslexia related symptoms, with cases ranging from mild to severe. This means in a classroom of twenty students, three are likely to have some form of dyslexia. The author Kenneth J. Bryson does a good job by clearly identifying the problem. The article starts out by asking the reader questions such what is Dyslexia? What difficulties do dyslexics experience in everyday life? What difficulties do dyslexics face...
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...school-aged children (DSM-IV, 1994). 40% to 70% of those participating in prison programs ("Dyslexia and the adult learner," 1994). 60% and more of those in adult literacy programs ("Dyslexia and the adult learner," 1994). 40% to 60% of those in basic adult education programs 3% to 6% of school-aged children (Council on Scientific Affairs, 1989) 4% of school-aged children (DSM-IV, 1994). 40% to 70% of those participating in prison programs ("Dyslexia and the adult learner," 1994). 60% and more of those in adult literacy programs ("Dyslexia and the adult learner," 1994). 40% to 60% of those in basic adult education programs Mark Waluk Eckert AP Psych/Per 1 6 November 2012 Mark Waluk Eckert AP Psych/Per 1 6 November 2012 DYSLEXIA DYSLEXIA Effect On Society Effect On Society Diagnosis Before diagnosing Dyslexia, the health care provider will: Perform a complete medical exam, including a neurological exam Ask questions about the person's developmental, social, and school performance Ask if anyone else in the family has had dyslexia Psychoeducational testing and psychological assessment may be done. AGE AT ONSET: Usually apparent by age 7 (2nd grade), sometimes age 6 (1st grade) DSM-III, 1987). Sometimes up to age 9 if a Developmental Reading Disorder is compensated for in school (DS-III-R, 1987). Diagnosis Before diagnosing Dyslexia, the health care provider will: Perform a complete medical exam, including a neurological...
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...Dyslexia What Is Dyslexia? Dyslexia is an inherited condition that makes it extremely difficult to read, write, and spell in your native language—despite at least average intelligence. Dyslexia is a neurologically-based, often familial, disorder which interferes with the acquisition and processing of language. Varying in degrees of severity, it is manifested by difficulties in receptive and expressive language, including phonological processing, in reading, writing, spelling, handwriting, and sometimes in arithmetic. Dyslexia is not the result of lack of motivation, sensory impairment, inadequate instructional or environmental opportunities, or other limiting conditions, but may occur together with these conditions. Although dyslexia is life long, individuals with dyslexia frequently respond successfully to timely and appropriate intervention. Cause of Dyslexia Dyslexia is an inherited condition. Researchers have determined that a gene on the short arm of chromosome #6 is responsible for dyslexia. That gene is dominant, making dyslexia highly heritable. It definitely runs in families. Dyslexia results from a neurological difference; that is, a brain difference. People with dyslexia have a larger right-hemisphere in their brains than those of normal readers. That may be one reason people with dyslexia often have significant strengths in areas controlled by the right-side of the brain, such as artistic, athletic, and mechanical gifts; 3-D visualization ability; musical...
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...Awareness About Dyslexia I chose this topic – Awareness About Dyslexia as my term paper because dyslexia caught my attention since I had watched the movie entitled “Every Child Is Special” in one of my major subjects with Mrs. Winona E. Sanque just last year. As the main character, Ishan, never had a chance to be understood by his family, teachers, classmates, and friends. Being sent to a very exclusive school for boys far away from his home, there he also experienced maltreatment and embarrassments. Until one day, an Art substitute teacher came along to his life and change it as well as to all people around him so to me. But this desire of mine in knowing more about dyslexia had been finalized when I read an article in Developmental Reading book entitled “On Being Seventeen, Bright, and Unable to Read” by David Raymond. I start to accept and understand them heartfully. So as I make this term paper I would like to impart my awareness to others as well as they read my researched information I gathered. I. Definition of Dyslexia Dyslexia is a term that refers to many reading disabilities thought to be the result of a disorder in the central nervous system. But most of people began to use the term to describe a broad range of reading problems, and even spelling and writing problems. II. Kinds of Dyslexia There are several types of dyslexia that can affect the child's ability to spell as well as read. "Trauma dyslexia" usually occurs after some form of brain trauma...
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...boys with learning disabilities. I chose he dyslexic boy because I spend more time with him and I feel I connect with him better. Doctors describe learning disabilities as a neurological disorder. Yet till this day, researchers are still uncertain of what causes learning disabilities. However they do have theories on how hey develop. The biggest toss up is if they are in fact genetic, or if it is simply the child modeling their parents. While other doctors' link learning disabilities to brain trauma or premature births. Before I interviewed Mrs. A, I was able to tell that two of the students had learning disabilities. While I was talking to her I felt a connection with them, since I was an ESL student. I first asked Mrs. A what dyslexia actually meant. "It is the most common known verbal disability. People have trouble recognizing or processing the sound he letters is linked with. This is why they have problems writing and reading tasks or assignments. She also mentioned that some people with verbal disabilities may be able to read or write adequately, but have trouble with other aspects of language. For instance, they can sound out a sentence or paragraph perfectly, making them good readers, but they are unable to make sense of what they have read. The second question I asked was what are the steps taken in order to diagnose a disability? The first step is ruling out visual or hearing impairments. Then a psychologist or learning specialist administers a specific...
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...‘A critical analysis of theoretical perspectives related to dyslexia’ In this essay I will be demonstrating the critical understanding of key theoretical perspectives on the cause of dyslexia (phonological processing, magno, cellular and cerebellar aspects. I will also be researching and reviewing relevant literature exploring key issues such as identification, co-morbidity, international views on dyslexia. This essay will allow me to study dyslexia in depth and broaden my knowledge on its identifying characteristics and the underlying causes. About dyslexia Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that affects the brain; this means that the brain is slower on picking up certain things. This can be learning how to...
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...DYSLEXIA Published online 17 December 2008 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/dys.379 & INNOVATIONS AND INSIGHTS E ditorial note. There has been a lot of clinical speculation about the ‘survival value’ of dyslexia. If one takes an evolutionary perspective, the cognitive skills associated with being dyslexic must have some value—something Scott (2004) and this article speculate on. In addition, the comments that dyslexics tend to do rather better at three-dimensional spatial skills and ‘Gestalt’ overviews of situations are touched on. The idea of dyslexia not being a disorder is one that I personally like. I often look upon dyslexia as an individual difference in learning styles—one might describe me as being, for example, ‘dysgolfic’, but luckily, playing golf does not impinge on my every day life! As always with Innovations and Insight, the objective is to put an idea out there and invite people to comment and also undertake some research in the area. Scott N.R. (2004) Dyslexia and Counselling, Whurr/Wiley. Copyright r 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DYSLEXIA 15: 363–366 (2009) 364 Innovations and Insights Dyslexia, Not Disorder K. Ehardt Washington When examining dyslexia, one must address the paradox of how a disorder that is both heritable and disadvantageous can be so common (Keller & Miller, 2006). There is a range of estimates on the occurrence of dyslexia, with the higher end reaching 8% of the population...
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...concern and other channels of education delivery outlined in the 1996 educating our future policy document and with relevant examples, showing how they have improved education provision in Zambia. Despite these efforts, dyslexia seems a major problem in Zambia which results in poor perfomances in schools especially at primary level. Definition of Dyslexia Reports in the medical literature of „word blindness‟ go back to the time when books first became relatively widely available to the population in Europe and reading became popular (Morgan, 1896 cited in O‟Brien et al, 2005). The broad concepts of developmental dyslexia1 and specific learning difficulties (SLD) are connected to particular problems with reading. There are two key developments that have underpinned a huge leap in general knowledge and understanding about dyslexia. Recent policy encouraging inclusion of pupils with additional needs in mainstream schooling in the UK and elsewhere has been linked with legislation designed to support the educational needs of all children and people with disabilities, including dyslexics (Pirrie et al, 2006). The other key development relating to dyslexia concerns recent findings in the field of biological research. These relate to the underlying mechanisms of dyslexia and...
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...Reading Disorder/ Dyslexia What is reading disorder? Reading is when someone has the difficulty in reading or understanding a material. Most people with reading disorder have difficult time putting letters together to make a sound. What is dyslexia? Dyslexia is when a person mix up letters or word sequence which interfere with their learning which allows the brain to have problem when processing the language. Types of dyslexia 1) Developmental phonological dyslexia. 2) Developmental surface dyslexia. Developmental phonological dyslexia: This is when one has problem with changing the initial and middle letter of a word. (e.g mana (mama) ) Developmental surface dyslexia: This is when one has difficulty in reading irregular words. About 80% of learning disabilities are diagnosed as reading disabilities. Also 40% of population in US reads below grade level. Dyslexia is the most common reading disabilities and affects 2-8% of school age children. Reading disorder is also heredity. There are various signs of reading disorder and dyslexia. The sign of reading disorder is the speed and accuracy in which a person read a word. Also the sign of dyslexia are having problem putting words together, messy handwriting, spelling abilities, and hard times in rhyming words. Effects of a Reading Disorder/ Dyslexia on a student: Student might have little problem expressing themselves or understanding others because they have difficulty with the language. Student may become frustrated...
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...word. Typoglycemia is closely related to dyslexia, as there are many similarities, but there are also some differences that help separate them so they can be easily identified. Typoglycemia and dyslexia are not completely different because there are still some similarities. Some of the similarities between dyslexic and typoglycemic texts are that they both contain scrambled and rearranged words but the first and last letters always stay the same. While they are both readable...
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...Introduction A lawsuit in the early ninety brought attention to a student that had a disability. The student suffers from a learning disability called, Dyslexia. This special learning disability, a child would have trouble reading correctly, understanding intellectual capacity, spelling as well as writing difficulties. A German doctor, called, Oswald Berkhan identified the conditions in the year 1881. The name, ‘Dyslexia’ was officially given by Rudolf Berlin. It is also well known that that word comes from a Greek philosophy meaning, ‘hard or difficult.’ With this said, a mother named, Catherine Evans has a student with dyslexia and brought a lawsuit against a school district that in her perspective failed to properly aid her child to be...
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...Sylvester Stallone was born with dyslexia and he struggled with it when he was young, but he overcame it like many people. Dyslexia is the disability of mixing up words and their sounds (Moragne 9). Dyslexics suffer from both physical and mental symptoms throughout their life. They suffer from low self esteem by being made fun of and rejected by other people (73). When they sometime speak, they cannot find the right words to say (30). Dyslexics also have problems remembering things like somebody's name (Bronswick 46). Some dyslexic children and grown ups also have problems with spelling and reading. Sometimes dyslexics has troubles with figuring out which letter makes which sound (25) . Many people with dyslexia also struggle in school (Moragne...
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...These articles talk all about dyslexia, what the symptoms or signs are as well as professional diagnosis and current research. From reading one of the articles I found what dyslexia is not. It is not in anyway a form of low intelligence or laziness. It also does not occur because of poor vision. It simply happens because the brain is wired differently. Dyslexia occurs because of a common condition that affects the way that the child’s brain processes written and spoken language. Children who have dyslexia can still understand complex concepts. They just may need a little more time to work through the information given to them. In another article it talked about how dyslexia is known as a failure to learn how to read words and sentences and it affects students in anywhere from 5-20%....
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...Dyslexia, also known as reading disorder, is described by trouble with reading despite normal intelligence. Different people are influenced to shifting degrees. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading rapidly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. Frequently these challenges are first seen at school. When someone who previously could read loses their ability, it is known as alexia. The difficulties are involuntary and people with this disorder have a normal desire to learn. Dyslexia is believed to be caused by both genetic and natural variables. A couple cases keep run in families. It frequently occurs in individuals with attention deficit...
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