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E-Learning Revolution

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E-Learning: Emergence of the Profession
Jason Drysdale, Jackie Flynt, and Shauna Hannon-Johnson 24 July 2011 The e-learning profession has grown leaps and bounds over the past two decades. Despite being slow to take hold, e-learning is now rapidly increasing in universities: “Today, almost all institutions of higher education offer some form of distance teaching and learning in the U.S.” (Saba, 2008). The historical timelines of instructional design and technology (ID&T) and distance education inform practices in place today. In this paper we track the development of these two traditions, each of which has contributed to current e-learning practice.

Instructional Design and Technology: Parent Field
Instructional design and technology (ID&T) is the term Robert Reiser (2001) uses for the field also known as instructional design, instructional technology, and educational technology. The core of ID&T revolves around two related practices: use of media for instruction and use of systematic design processes—known as instructional design or instructional systems design (ISD) (Reiser, 2001). We briefly trace below the development of these two strands of the field. Instructional media has been used since the early 1900s in school museums with movable exhibits. These museums appeared first in St. Louis in 1905, primarily using visual media such as photos and slides. This was known as the visual education movement. Movies were used, as per Thomas Edison’s expectation, beginning in 1910 (Reiser, 2001). Interest increased with inclusion of audio, but education did not cohesively adopt; instructional practices remained largely unchanged. This became known as the audiovisual instruction movement. Radio, the next fabled advance for audiovisual instruction, made little impact for the next 20 years. During World War II, the United States Air Force used instructional videos for war

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