...Paul Johnson and Howard Zinn are both famous historians; however, they have different viewpoints on early American history. Paul Johnson, a right-wing activist, was born in England. Concerning early American history, Johnson strongly believes that colonization brought by Christopher Columbus was beneficial and vital for the economic, social, and political development of America. Howard Zinn, a left-wing activist, was born in New York City. Zinn believes that Columbus is not the hero that most people think. Zinn believes that the mass slaughter of Indians and colonization that Columbus brought greatly harmed America and the local Indians. My opinion is similar to Paul Johnson’s because I believe that Columbus’s voyage and discovery of America brought various positive impacts and helped shape the America today. Paul Johnson is convinced that Columbus’s voyage to America is the greatest of allhuman adventures. As a right-wing activist, Johnson supports the leaders of thegovernment and affluent...
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...Similarly to how the planet of Pandora was colonized by humans in “Avatar”, there have been several non-fictional cases of this act in the past. For this cause particularly, I will be using an example of the Europeans and Aboriginal North Americans. As early as the 1400’s, the colonization of North America had begun. Comparably to how the humans in “Avatar” were in search for a rich element, “unobtanium”, the Europeans held the same interest in terms of valuables like diamonds, gold, and even water. Beginning from the Spanish, the Aboriginal people were compelled to give up these rich resources that they had preserved for so long. Had they refused, the Spanish would use their technology, unfamiliar to the Aboriginals, and kill them. This is...
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...European Colonization of the Americas European Colonization of the Americas As students, many individuals are taught of the history and details regarding the discovery and colonization of the American continent. References to European explorers are often provided, stressing that the discoveries and connection between the American continent and the rest of the world were as a direct result of European expansion and ingenuity. Based on investigations completed that detail the previous inhabitation and identification of the American continent by people outside of the East, this is found to be inaccurate. In the following paragraphs, details concerning the colonization of the American continent will be provided. Details regarding the cultures of the continent’s inhabitants prior to the arrival of the European explorers will be included, providing the reader with a baseline by which to compare the continent’s change after the colonization. Additionally, details regarding the motivation of European countries are presented. Information regarding the Spanish and English motivations are provided as well, providing a detailed insight into the specific governments driving the expansion and exploration. North American Cultures Prior to the arrival of the European colonists on the American continents, people had already inhabited the continent for more...
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...The sensation that was coined the term “Columbus Exchange” was in all reality the start to early America. Much in similarity to all change such as globalization and industrialization, there is a good impact and also a negative impact. The Columbus Exchange is undoubtedly an event that must take place in order to colonize in the Americas. The transfer of goods, livestock, and products brought many delights and fatalities. However, consequently, the native people were the brute of those fatalities. Through observations and evidence that happened during the Columbus Exchange, the relationship established between the two “worlds” by the effects of this exchange will be displayed. The Columbus Exchange can be best described as a network between the “Old” and “New” Worlds. The Old World refers to the European Continent including Africa and Asia, and the New World refers to the unknown area or region that will become to know as America. There were many problems and conflicts in Europe that called for the colonization of the Americas. To start, overpopulation was becoming an issue. Cities and towns were overpopulated and basic necessities such as housing and such began to become a problem. Another common issue or difference, was religion tension. The...
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...tested on all of this material on the respective quizzes Native Americans (Read this for quiz 1) “ The First Americans” (Not a link…go to the assigned website) European Society (Read this for quiz 1) Colonial Era/Exploration and Discovery The Significance of 1492 European Commercial and Financial Expansion Slavery and Spanish Colonization The Meaning of America The Black Legend Colonial Era/17th Century (Read below for quiz 1) European Colonization North of Mexico Spanish Colonization English Settlement Colonial Era/17 century (Read below for quiz 2) English Colonization Begins Life in Early Virginia Slavery Takes Root in Colonial Virginia Founding New England The Puritans The Puritan Idea of the Covenant Regional Contrasts Dimensions of Change in Colonial New England The Salem Witch Scare Slavery in the Colonial North Struggles for Power in Colonial America Diversity in Colonial America The Middle Colonies: New York Fear of Slave Revolts The Middle Colonies: William Penn’s Holy Commonwealth The Southernmost Colonies: The Carolinas and Georgia Colonial Administration (Read below for quiz 2) No readings th Road to Revolution (Read for quiz 3) Colonial America/18th Century The The The The The The Emergence of New Ideas about Personal Liberties and Constitutional Rights Great Awakening Seven Years’ War Rise of Antislavery Sentiment Fate of Native Americans Road to Revolution American Revolution (Read for quiz 3) Entire Chapter on American Revolution Introduction Why should......
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...Schultz Colonization and the First Globalization In order for one to gain a better knowledge of how terrestrial and ocean colonization unfolded in the Americas, Siberia, Africa, and China, a person must first understand the definition of colonization. Simply put, colonization is an ongoing process of control by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. This means that a foreign government moves into the land and seizes control; gaining power, natural resources, and a larger economy. In the year 1492, an Italian explorer by the name of Christopher Columbus set out on an expedition departing from Spain in search of a faster ocean route to reach Asia. Him and his crew set foot on an island in the Bahamas 36 days after deporting from Spain. While in the Bahamas, Columbus and his men visited a total of three islands and built a settlement on Hispaniola Island with salvaged wreckage from one of their ships. Convinced he had reached Asia, he then set sail back to Spain with the two remaining ships. Columbus failed to find what he set out for – a new route to Asia along with the riches it promised, and he passed away short of success in 1506. However, Columbus was still successful in other terms. He is credited with the discovery of the New World and opening the Americas for European colonization. Following Columbus’s discovery, European nations that were on the Atlantic Rim exploited the riches and resources of the Americas. Due......
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...Hammond September 21, 2015 The Inflicted Spanish Pressure on the Mestiza/Indigenous Women of Colonial Latin America Colonial times in Latin America were tough for both mestizas/indigenous and Spanish women. Latin America’s status of indigenous women changed in terms of their positions in the hierarchy of society, labor roles, and their marriage responsibilities and their own freedoms. The Spanish women began to impose several changes in order to accustom the indigenous women to their level in order to make the “New Spain” a reality. During early conquest, mestiza women, especially those of noble classes were accustomed to be married off as soon as their fathers had an idea of who they wanted to be allied with and to move up in hierarchy. As Susan Socolow said, “Indeed, chiefs offered their sisters and daughters to Spanish conquistadors, continuing the pre-Columbian pattern of using women to appease the powerful and ally with them.” Reigning Spanish conquistadors or other tribal leaders sought to establish alliances, so women were in other words seen as objects to benefit them. Spanish women at the time of colonization were rare, but for instance, Juan Jaramillo was one of the early conquistadors who married. As said, “Her father, don Leonel de Cervantes was a comendador of the Order of Santiago…” The few rare Spanish women available during the colonization state tended to be noble daughters of comendadors, who were married off quickly to other rising nobles, which...
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...Power in Europe was measured using an economic theory called mercantilism (”World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times.”). Mercantilism is an economic theory that was in application from the 16th to the 18th century that says that a nations power is measured by its economic strength or capacity, and because of this the balance of power was shifting during the Age of Exploration because nations were gaining great economic strength because of trade and colonization. Mercantilism meant that in order to become a strong, powerful nation you would need to develop your country economically and find a massive source of wealth, the Age of Exploration opened up several opportunities to become a wealthy nation that allowed for fluctuations in the balance of power in Europe. These opportunities also led to conflicts and rivalries between nations that created further changes to the balance of power (”World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times.”). examples of these rivalries are: Portugal and Spain, which Spain won and allowed it to gain power and the rivalry between the Dutch vs France, that created a conflict for each other colonies, territories and trade that let both nation to gain and lose some power. An additional reason for changes in the balance of power was a country’s aspirations for expansion. Portugal were early explorers that had greater ambitions than other nations and rose to power as they explored Africa, Spain soon joined them as both countries...
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...European trading posts and colonies in both the Americas and the East. Colonialism is defined as a structure in a colony with a specific linkage; meaning economic, political, cultural, and social ideologies. The colonies linked England to the United States. England, being the mother country, also had a very important role play. The mother country was responsible for providing money for supplies for voyages such as ships, food, soldiers, and weapons etc. Also, England was responsible for the processing and manufacturing of raw materials. Settlers of the colonies needed markets to sell their goods and labor. They also needed a source of labor for the production of raw materials. This new labor force was made up of Native Americans, indentured servants (white slaves who served terms of up to seven years as slaves), and Africans. Columbus and his crew stated that when they arrived in the Americas they found Africans already there. In 1502, the Spanish were the first Europeans to enslave Africans in the Americas. Yet the local population died from European diseases like smallpox and from overwork. Thus in 1502, ten years after Columbus' landing, the Spanish brought the first African slaves to Cuba from West Africa to replace Indian slaves who were dying out. This began the trans-Atlantic slave deal between West Africa and the Americas and the integration of Native Americans and Africans. The Spanish conquerors of the Americas—known as Conquistadors were...
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...Early Colonization Ethnic and cultural diversity is an internationally shared social experience. In today’s society several countries possess “natives” of different ethnicity. Many ethnicity who are believed to be original natives of their country are usually descendants of colonists or a race made up of a mixture of ethnicity from a particular region. Early colonialism is one cause for such diversity. Colonization is the establishment of a colony through the organized migration to an outside territory. From the 1600’s to 1800’s Western Europeans were the colonized groups dominating many parts of the world for a variety of reasons. Many conquest to other countries were to discover natural resources like, spices, gold and other trade-able material unique to its region. Some expedition set out to explore for other reasons like proving a theory or to follow up on stories told by their fellow explorers. Once reaching their destination, other factors made them stay such as the discovery of monetary gain, religious freedom and political powers. While some countries like China, were unable to become colonized, others were dominated to the extent of their people eventually becoming a minority in their own land. Imperialistic ambition was a major element in the colonization of many third world countries. As immigrants settled on foreign soil, they believed they were legitimately entitled to occupy the land. They eventually impose their economic, religion, and social systems onto......
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...fdsfgfdhsggggggggggggggggggggggggThis course surveys social, political, and economic events that have shaped the United States from the first inhabitants of the Americas to 1865. Students delve into key historical events in North American history, ranging from Spanish and English colonization to the Civil War. This course equips students with a general understanding of how important early historical events laid the foundation for future development of the United States. WEEK 1 - TOPIC 1: THE GEOGRAPHIC REVOLUTION Objectives * Describe how changes in European society led to North American colonization. * Describe North American civilization prior to European colonization. Materials * READING: Ch. 1 * WEB LINK: Ch. 1 Interactive Exercise: Gutierrez Map Assessment * CheckPoint: European Societal Changes * Assignment: North American Civilization Paper WEEK 2 - TOPIC 1: SETTLEMENT IN THE SOUTH AND NORTH Objectives * Discuss the role of religion in North American settlements. * Discuss the development of various Southern societies during the settlement period. * Compare and contrast the early Northern and Southern colonies. Materials * READING: Ch. 2 (pp. 34-57) * READING: Ch. 3 * READING: Ch. 4 (pp. 101-118) * READING: Ch. 5 * Appendix B Assessment * DQ 1 * DQ 2 * CheckPoint: Compare and Contrast Matrix * Participation WEEK 3 - TOPIC 1: ON THE ROAD TO......
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...teach the true catholic religion. The were two different types for carrying evangelization; the encomienda in which a priest was assigned to a large number of natives for pastoral care and the other type was when the itinerant priest went village to village for preaching, baptizing, and defending the Indians against abuse. The Christianity in the new World brought a lot of difficulties and contradictions to the Natives, some believed that if they turn the slaves into Christians, they were going to be a better productivity to the land, while others didn’t agree with such idea and thought that once they were converted into Christians they were no longer could be slaves and this was inconvenient for them .The way Christianity was brought to America caused a lot of damage to the Indians, they were put into slavery and the Catholics agree and accepted this . They used it for their own...
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...settlers of the Americas took place in North America in Alaska. Asian hunters are thought to have traveled over the Bering Strait during a glacial period somewhere between 35,000 B.C.E. and 10,000 years later. The Asian people, referred to as Native Americans, did not realize their discovery of a new world. The early North American men and women were nomadic hunters and gatherers. As the further migration continued south an agricultural lifestyle formed. The European colonization of the Americas is thought to have been established by explorers and fishermen at a much later date. The blend of diversity was apparent as the migration of the Americas grew and strong developed societies were established. Although Native American descendants merely followed their survival instincts, they had discovered an abundant new world. The nomadic hunters tracked animals across the frozen land bridge and crossed into a new continent. The migration continued south along the west coast. “Over a span of 25,000 years settlement spread down the Alaskan coast, then deeper into the North American mainland, and finally throughout Central and South America.” (Davidson, 2006, p. 11). The original survival lifestyle of the nomadic hunters blended into new discovered agricultural resources with the progressive southern migration. The discovery of producing a food supply through cultivating crops created an agricultural revolution. The migration throughout the Americas had proved to......
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...Norman French soon became Anglo-Norman as it had been impacted by English. This became known as the transition from Old English to Middle English. Over 10,000 French words found their way into the English language and over three-fourths of these words are still used today. (Cactus World Wide Inc.). Some of the most popular words and phrases borrowed from the French language are beef (from French boeuf), joy (from French ryjoui), and on the menu (from French à la carte). (About.com). About thirty percent of all English words come from French according to Wikipedia. Wikipedia also notes that there are around 80,000 English words taken from French. French colonization in North America spread rapidly in late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. During the French-Indian War, French was already quite popular in Colonial America and even in parts of Canada. The French embraced the Native Americans and traded fairly with them while the English tried to force their will upon the natives. The English and the French battled seven long Venigalla 2 years for territory in the mid-18th century to gain a greater presence in the New World. (Wikipedia contributors). The first major French settlement in...
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...Midterm Essay Christopher Riojas Keiser University Introduction Adventure and discovery of land and territories in the early centuries were the order of the day for the majority of the stable nations, armies and organized ethnic groups who searched for food, water, and places of settlement. The adventuring movements of communities across the world brought about acquisition of property, resources and territories that later converted to the states and the countries under currently existing geographical boundaries. This effect culminated in more aggression in the movement and acquisition of territories that later turned out to be colonized. During the pre-colonial era, communities under the leadership of ethnic chiefs controlled tribes and extracted resources that were only within their territories. More land was unoccupied thus attracting other foreign immigrants who, moved in search of better resources and experiences. It is in the spirit of discovery and colonization, this article puts into perspective the development of a new state of Virginia in America. Precisely at Jamestown, as it is told through a film called “The New World”, directed by Terrence Mallick, and a story book called “The General History of Virginia, New England, and The Summer Isles”, by Smith (pg.57-69). This article analyses the two sources, the film and the book as their stories are related by both explaining the discovery and development of Jamestown and Virginia. This region has been captured in...
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