...Jeffery Price CHHI301 D14 November 4, 2012 Research 2 When Roman Emperor Constantine converted to the Christian faith many question his sincerity was it real or some type of political stunt. (1) Never or less it proved to be wise move by the Emperor also it marked the end of persecution as they knew it. An expected deliverance from an expected source for deliverance rarely comes the way you expected. The “Edict of Milan” (3)which was a direct order from the emperor in 313 stating that Christianity and other religion will be tolerate also that Sunday would be treated like other pagan feast and those who were martyrs would be honor.(2) The fall of the Western Empire on the Church was highly published and it sent ripples though out the world it shifted the world into the Dark Age politically, economically, and socially.(5) Even though it was predicted and the hand writing was on the wall many were dishearten by it. Before we go further with the impact of the fall we must explore some of the causes the first being the decline of the family area like divorce of marriage as well the divorce of family value and the failure to see the enemy lurking in the shadows. The sexual perversion which is in our nation politics the effect or the impact that the fall had on the Church the Roman culture continue until 1453 and was finally taken over by the Turks and the Mohammed religion. (3) “The bishop of Rome became a primmest person” giving the know church more political muscle. This left...
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...volcanoes. This infant planet is very different from the one we know today. Its atmosphere is comprised of deadly gasses and probably had a sky the color of a pinkish-orange. Its oceans containing large quantities of dissolved iron were most likely a kind of brown color. Life on early Earth began with very little amounts of oxygen compared to the quantities we have today, it was comprised of primitive elements and very slowly evolved into the Earth we know today. Had you been on Earth all that time ago, when it was just beginning to evolve, you would have died with just a few deep breaths! Earth’s early atmosphere contained little or no oxygen. It was primarily comprised of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen, with smaller amounts of carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen cyanide. Over time a controversial question emerged, could organic molecules assemble under the conditions on early Earth? In 1953, biochemists Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey conducted an experiment to find these answers; they tested for what kind of environment would be needed to allow life to begin. To start they used water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen, component believed to represent major elements in early Earth’s atmosphere. These chemicals were all sealed and circulated inside a sterile array of glass tubes connected together in a loop, with one sterile flask with, and another flask containing electrodes. The liquid water was heated to add water vapor to the chemical mixture...
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...hName: Johnson Waweru Occupation: Freelance writer Date: 26th November, 2014 Book Review: Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball, 20th Anniversary Edition The development of sports from their early stages, their metamorphosis and evolution to their current form and status is one of the most interesting areas of study. Unfortunately, most writers on such subjects only concentrate on the sport itself and players without exploring other ulterior factors that influence the development of a sport such as the emotional, economic and social environment. The book, Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball by Warren Goldstein is one of the few that have managed to avoid this perennial mistake. This paper is a review of the book, its content, author, objectives and ideas. The book traces the roots and development of baseball. It explains how it began with the culture of organized baseball in 1850's and later graduated from an amateur sport to a professional one a few decades later, thereafter developing into a business. The book not only traces the sport’s linear development, explaining the chronological events that marked its evolution, but also the constant and recurrent elements that have characterized it through different generations, the cyclical history. The writer shows how the game was an amateur club-based sport when it began around 1857. At the time, the main players were clerks, artisans and shopkeepers; there was nothing professional about the sport. Around...
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...The first three major eras of the Pacific Northwest show some remarkable changes. What begins with the first people rapidly becomes a barrage of settlers, development and the harvesting of resources. Each period of time in the PNW brings changes in the people, the geography, and the culture. First is the Era of the First People. Scientific theories suggest that man first came to the PNW via land bridges from Russia or perhaps waterways. Some legends suggest a similar nomadic journey following the migrating animals or the work of spirits or Gods who created companions for a lonely human; usually a mother figure. However they came to be, the First People, while split into different geographical and cultural groups, had many things in common. These groups: the Costal, Plateau, and Basin Indians, all used the resources of the PNW to their advantage. For the most part, all depended on hunting and gathering for food and resources. The Basin Indians, with more limited resources, did have to forage for food and resources at times. Salmon was favored heavily for both a food source and in various ceremonies. Each group had domesticated animals: horses, dogs, or sheep. The changes in this era are more focused on the growth of cultures and of population; establishing societies. The Coast Indians were separated geographically from other native peoples. They had their own local forms of society and government involving a very class conscious social structure...
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...Hood River Early Settlers Joe Correa ANTH 310 Week Nine Essay March 11, 2012 Words: 1535 Hood River Early Settlers In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. So goes the old teaching poem goes. Three hundred years later, in 1792, Lt. William Broughton explored the Columbia River. He is credited for naming the geography along the Columbia River. Under President Thomas Jefferson’s instructions, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark undertook the further exploration of the Columbia River working from the East to the West, ending where Lt. Broughton had started. The map from the British gave them an idea of what to expect. Thirteen years later, Lewis and Clark would see the same landscape, make a new map, and give some of the places that Lt. Broughton had already named new names. On October 29, 1805, Lewis and Clark discovered a stream on the south banks of the Columbia and called it the Labeasche River after one of their members, Private Francois Labiche. It is near this glacial river that the current site of Hood River is found. The river itself has changed names twice to become Hood River. It was called Dog River for a while after some pioneers became stranded here and had to eat a dog for sustenance. It was again changed to Hood River with time and the name Dog River given to a small stream upriver. The name Hood being from the mountain that was given the name by Lt. Broughton honoring Lord Hood of the British Admiralty. The area first appears on a map...
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...History of Early Greek Drama Typically all humans enjoy a good laugh. After all, “Laughter improves the function of blood vessels and increases blood flow, which can help protect you against a heart attack and other cardiovascular problems” (Smith). The attention of a human being is automatically grasped when it comes to dramatic and comedic situations. It is almost like the human brain has an on and off switched that is flipped on when drama is involved; or when something is funny. “Ancient greeks from the 5th century BC onwards were fascinated by the wuestion of the origins of tragedy and comedy” (Saskia). During the time origin of Athens greek theatre was still on the rise. Greek theater was in a way a celebration to honor the Greek Gods. “A Greek God, Dionysus, was honored with a festival called [by] ‘City Dionysia’” (Greece). At the Dionysus festival in athens there were three main people todirect and perform ech play. Usually the author of a play would be one of the cast members. There were three well known Greek tragedy play writers in the 5th century. A man by the name of Aeschylus was one of the manificent writers. “Aeschylus was the first of the 3 renowned prize-winning Greek writers of tragedy” (Gill). Because only three people were allowed to participate in a single play, Aeschylus acted in most of the plays he wrote. When Aeschylus died, it was allowed to replay his plays. The reason replying Aeshylus’s plays was because “…during the Classical perios, each tetralogy...
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...American Economic Association The Early History of the London Stock Exchange Author(s): C. F. Smith Reviewed work(s): Source: The American Economic Review, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Jun., 1929), pp. 206-216 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1807309 . Accessed: 06/06/2012 04:11 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. American Economic Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Economic Review. http://www.jstor.org THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE Though the Stock Exchange, as a definitely organized body, was not founded until 1773, it had been in existence in the sense of a continuous and organized market for dealing in securities for about a century before that date. Like so many British economic institutions it owed nothing to deliberate creative action by the government, but it developed autonomously to meet the needs which the progress of industry and finance were creating. The increase in the amount of...
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...The Canonization of the New Testament When we think about the New Testament in our Bibles today most of us pay little attention to, or have little regard for the history that surrounds how it came to be. This is partly because of the high position we as Evangelicals have for our Bibles. We are taught that the Bible is infallible and never contradicts itself. I agree whole heartedly that the Bible is God's Holy Word and infallible non contradictory. But two weeks ago if you were to ask me how the Bible was put together or "canonized", I would have told you that there was some sort of council that decided which books should be in there, but ultimately it was God's sovereign will. Now the last part would be correct, but the rest is at best debatable. So how was the Bible put together? Since the argument is extremely complex and much of the details are lost or were never recorded, we will be exploring the different events that drove the movement, along with several different opinions of when the Bible was Complete or Canonized. There were two particular movements during the second century that made the Church realize a need to have a compilation of books that were universally accepted. The first movement, although not as well know, was Marcionism. This heretical sect was started by Marcion who was born into Christianity but had a deep dislike for Judaism and the material world. He believed that the God and Father of Jesus are not the same as the creator Yahweh, and it was...
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...gospel was written before AD62 is that there is no mention of the fall of Jerusalem in the book of acts which happened in the AD70’s this was quite a big event that took place and was still not mentioned. The book of acts only seems to focus on the events that were relevant before the fall of Jerusalem. If the book of acts was written before AD62 then the gospel of Luke was written a short time before this. Luke’s purpose was to present the progression of the gospel from Jerusalem and Rome. Another possible date that is argued is the AD80’s as Luke’s knowledge of the great fall of Jerusalem as an event of the past is more apparent compared to Matthew and mark. Luke depended on marks gospel which is usually dated in the late AD70’s and the early AD80’s, but however the timing of mark and Luke’s use of it would have to require a date for Luke in the AD80’s. Luke refers to previous events or accounts he has investigated before composing them on his own behalf; this would therefore suggest a later rather than earlier date for Luke. In the book of acts Paul is made out to be an heroic and...
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...REL 312 Early Christianity “In the years after Jesus ‘death, how did the first Christians survive and build strong communities?” The first Christians were all Jews either by birth or conversion. The early Christians used the Jewish bible (the torah) generally in the Greek or Aramaic translations. The early Christians practiced still in the Jewish synagogs. Tension raised inside the synagogue. The Jewish leaders and Pharisees persecuted the early Christians. Especially Saul of tarsus, who converted and changed his name to Paul. This led to the Christ believers to escape to Jerusalem. The Christians needed to separate themselves from the Jewish synagogue and form their own church. They still practiced the Jewish faith intertwined with Christ’ teachings and parables. The early Christians have believed that Christ would return to them in their life time. When it became clear to them that they needed to pass down the teachings to future generations, they started writing the teachings and accounts down. They had to create their own church structure. Where baptism and the lords supper were essential. The first gospel written was the book of mark. Mark depended on written documents in Greek and oral history in his community. Later Mathew and Luke where written. Where scholars see that Mathew and Luke’s teachings were cummunative of mark and the source “Q”. “Q” being an oral community. The early church taught how Jesus was a radical reformer of the Jewish faith...
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...Book Review on Augustine as Mentor CHHI 520D18 LUO (Fall 2013) Church History I Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Reed E. Harvey (ID# 24867788) December 16, 2013 THESIS STATEMENT Determine whether the mentoring approach used by Augustine, an Early Church Father is yet relevant for today’s church. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction …………….……………………….………………………………….…4 II. Brief Summary ……….…………………………………………….………………...4 III. Critical Interaction ………………………………………………………………….6 IV. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………7 Working Bibliography …………………………………………………………………...9 I. Introduction This review will provide a summarization and critical interaction with the text: Augustine as Mentor authored by Edward L. Smither. Smither is associate professor of Church History and Intercultural Studies at Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary. Other areas of scholarly interest include the Early Church, evangelical missions among Arabs and the history of missions. The thesis of this text is, “that Augustine effectively mentored spiritual leaders and set them apart for needed ministries in the church.” II. Brief Summary Smither sets the table for this text through an in-depth analysis and look at mentoring in the first century. Special emphasis centered on mentoring done by Jesus with the Disciples as found in the Gospels and with the Apostle Paul from the book of Acts and Paul’s epistles. Smither’s...
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...07/01/2014 This Bible History Daily feature was originally published in March 2011. It has been updated.—Ed. The Nag Hammadi texts were contained in 13 leather-bound volumes discovered by Egyptian farmers in 1945. Dated papyrus scraps used to strengthen the bindings of the books helped date the volumes to the mid-fourth century A.D. Photo: Institute for Antiquity and Christianity, Claremont, CA. Until the discovery of the Nag Hammadi codices in 1945, the Gnostic view of early Christianity had largely been forgotten. The teachings of Gnostic Christianity—vilified especially since they were declared heretic by orthodox Christianity in the fourth century—had been virtually erased from history by the early church fathers, their gospels banned and even burned to make room for the view of Christian theology outlined in the canonical Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. But when two peasants discovered the Nag Hammadi texts, a 13-volume library of Coptic texts hidden beneath a large boulder near the town of Nag Hammadi in upper Egypt, the world was reintroduced to this long-forgotten and much-maligned branch of early Christian thought, Gnostic Christianity, from the Greek word gnosis, “knowledge.” The Nag Hammadi codices are 13 leather-bound volumes dated to the mid-fourth century that contain an unprecedented collection of more than 50 texts, including some that had been composed as early as the second century. Learn about the history of Christmas and the date...
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...Evangelism in the Early Church [Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary, November 14, 1985] by Joel L. Pless The primary mission of the Christian Church is to preach the gospel to all nations, it is to win souls for Christ. The fact that there are approximately one billion at least nominal Christians in the world indicates that Christ’s Great Commission has been at least partially carried out. This monograph will research how and by whom was the Great Commission enacted in the “early days” of the Christian church, during its first four centuries (100-500 A.D.) This research paper will not contribute creatively to the study of theology or methods of evangelism, but it will rather compile from a representative bibliography facts concerning evangelism in the early Church. Granted, research on this topic has been undertaken before by individuals with far greater academic credentials than the writer of these lines. But this monograph will attempt to condense the vast amount of material written on this topic into a monograph on evangelism in the early Church which is long enough to adequately cover the subject but still short enough to be interesting. This essay will approach the topic by asking the basic questions, why?, what?, who?, to whom?, and how?( William C. Weinrich, “Evangelism in the Early Church,” in Concordia Theological Quarterly, vol. XLV, (January-April 1981), pp. 61-74.) When possible, primary sources from the early Church fathers will be quoted in translation. The ultimate...
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...Historiography It is the study of the history and methodology of the discipline of history. The term historiography also denotes a body of historical work on a specialized topic. Scholars discuss historiography topically – such as the “historiography of Catholicism,” the “historiography of early Islam,” or the “historiography of China" – as well as specific approaches such as political history and social history. Beginning in the nineteenth century, at the ascent of academic history, a corpus of historiography literature developed. Furay and Salevouris (1988) define historiography as "the study of the way history has been and is written — the history of historical writing... When you study 'historiography' you do not study the events of the past directly, but the changing interpretations of those events in the works of individual historians." Questions studied Some of the common questions of historiography are: 1. Reliability of the sources used, in terms of authorship, credibility of the author, and the authenticity or corruption of the text. (See also source criticism). 2. Historiographical tradition or framework. Every historian uses one (or more) historiographical traditions, for example Marxist, Annales School, "total history", or political history. The historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early origins of Islam based on a critical analysis, evaluation, and examination of authentic primary source materials and the organization of these sources into...
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...of such peril? The answer to both of these questions would be Christianity. This is just one case out of hundreds and hundreds where people have willingly become martyrs for their beliefs. Two hundred years earlier, a man named Jesus would start the movement, now known as Christianity, which is only growing bigger and bigger with each passing century. Many kings and great rulers have attempted to halt and annihilate the movement, and even today, some many people deny the very existence of Jesus, and God himself. Despite of all these predicaments, millions upon millions of believers stay faithful to the movement. As a person who believes in God, Jesus, and the Christian movement, I have taken it upon myself to learn more about the history of this fascinating story and the man behind it all. In the course of my research, I have discovered many things I knew and many things I didn’t know. As result, I have found a new, deeper appreciation for my beliefs, and a new and deeper respect for Jesus, the martyrs who died after him, and everything they stood for. So, who was Jesus, what is Christianity, and how did this all start? Jesus was born in Bethlehem in about 4 BC to Mary and Joseph. “His initiation onto the world stage begins with his baptism by John the Baptist” (Collins & Price 24). After that, Jesus began gathering disciples and spreading the Gospel all around Palestine from about AD 27-30. Most of Jesus’ followers weren’t learned scholars, but regular fishermen...
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