...influences juvenile delinquency. Juveniles are more likely to become juvenile delinquents if there is little structure provided for them in their families. Children who are rejected by their parents, who grow up in homes with considerable conflict, or who are inadequately supervised are at the greatest risk of becoming delinquent. Literature reviews, focused on the relationship between child abuse and juvenile delinquency, indicate that juvenile delinquents are often products of families that consciously or unconsciously neglect their childhood needs. Corporal punishment by parents often leads to overt and aggressive misbehavior. Neglect and extreme punishment can cause children to become rebellious adolescents who use misbehavior to "pay back" the family. Childhood abuse and neglect has been linked to a number of other adolescent problems. Compared with non maltreated matched control groups, abused or neglected children are significantly more likely to engage in violent behavior, become pregnant during adolescence, use drugs, have lower GPAs, and/or experience mental health problems. The growing body of research on these issues uses a variety of methodologies but leads to a similar conclusion: in general, people who experience any type of abuse or neglect during childhood are more likely than people who were not abused to be arrested later in life. Being abused doesn't mean a child, or adult, will automatically have an unhappy life. It's not the abuse that can ruin...
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...Juvenile Delinquency Introduction The terms juvenile and delinquency have particular meanings in state and federal law. For instance, across different countries, a juvenile is any person under the age of 17 or 18 years, and delinquency refers to acts committed by a juvenile that can be considered a crime if committed by an adult. Moreover, delinquency can also refer to actions that are illegal solely because of the age of the offender. Various studies have revealed that there exist four pillars in a child’s life, which can help in scrutinizing, understanding, and addressing the issue of “child and youth crime”. These pillars include family, peers, school, and the community. In most cases, children reflect the behaviors they learn in their environment. For example, a child who has been nurtured on a diet of violence has a high probability of becoming a violent adult (Chambliss, 2011). This paper intends to discuss juvenile delinquency, factors that contribute to it, and the key strategies to embrace in curtailing it. Different aspects connected to juvenile delinquent behavior can be noted from the case study at hand. For instance, it is worth noting that a child who is brought up by deviant/violent parents will likely borrow the same traits in his/her youth and as an adult. This can be vindicated from the fact that Holly being born by a rebellious mother, who was once apprehended on a drug conviction, borrowed the same traits, and became mutinous, disregarding all the pieces...
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...crime affects everyone in society; the perpetrators, witnesses and targets of the crime. Cases of delinquency have been decreasing but they are still too high (Saminsky, 2010 p.1). Juvenile Blueprint Programs aim at promoting the emotional wellbeing, behavior, physical health and education of the youth. There are a variety of blueprint programs for child delinquency some are involved in reforming the delinquent after the crime has taken place and others before. The most effective juvenile blueprint programs are those that prevent the occurrence of child delinquency (Saminsky, 2010 p.2). The following essay talks about the Prevention and early intervention for young offenders. Early intervention to potential juvenile offenders prevents the onset of criminal behaviors as an adult, prevents young lives from being wasted and minimizes the burden of crime on the people of society. Prosecution and reform programs for juvenile offenders cost the taxpayers a lot of money (Saminsky, 2010 p.1). Community based intervention program. Children at Risk (CAR) intervention program which changed its name to Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse Striving Together to Achieving Rewarding Tomorrows (CASASTART) is a community based intervention program (Siegel & Welsh, 2011 p.462). The program was established to assist children with a high risk of delinquency, behavioral problems, substance abuse and gang involvement. The program was administered to children in poor neighborhoods with high crime...
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...Long Term Effects of Physical Abuse There are many types of abuse that a child can be put through. Physical abuse makes up about 25 percent of the reported cases of abuse a year (http://www.childwelfare.gov). Some long term effects are physical health consequences, psychological consequences, and behavioral consequences. Physical health consequences caused by physical abuse are impaired brain development, poor physical health and shaken baby syndrome(sbs). Physical abuse has shown, in some cases, to cause important regions of the brain to fail to form properly (Perry, B.D 2002) Physical abuse has also been known to cause poor physical health such as sexually transmitted diseases. Shaken Baby Syndrome(SBS) is another physical health consequences due to the fact that it can cause blindness, learning disabilities in infants. Psychological consequences cause by physical abuse are poor mental and emotional health, cognitive difficulties, and social difficulties. Many of the young adults develop some type of psychiatric disorder early in life. As researchers stated, "These young adults exhibited many problems, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and suicide attempts (Silverman, Reinherz, & Giaconia, 1996). Children that have been abused or neglected have been known to do poorly in school. Children that are abused or neglected often have difficulties in relationships later in life with other adults as well as their peers. Physical abuse also has behavioral consequences...
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...Childhood Maltreatment to Delinquency Women account for nearly eight to ten percent of the offending population (accounting for jails, prisons, community supervision, or a combination of these) (Hanser 2006: 329). In both men and women, there are a number of variables and precursors that lead to delinquency or criminal behavior, ranging from socioeconomic status to development, and may be understood and examined through the lens of multiple theories of crime. One variable in particular, the sexual maltreatment of young girls, could in fact be a major factor of female offending in adulthood. A study conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 1999 found that female offenders are abused more frequently than male offenders. While only...
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...Abstract Many factors contribute to juvenile delinquency and research has recognized that there is not one single pathway to delinquency. Studies have shown that the more risk factors the juvenile faces the probability of offending increases. The major factors contributing to juvenile delinquency are individual factors, social factors, and community factors. Many people have tried to figure out and understand the factors that lead our youths to commit crimes and what can we do to prevent and rehabilitate them to keep them from committing these crimes again. Juvenile delinquency is one of the most important issues around the world today. Despite the social awareness surrounding the topic, juvenile delinquency is on the rise and needs to be addressed in order to stop our youth from becoming criminals instead of important members of society. There have been many efforts to understand and analyze the reasons that juveniles commit crimes however there is no set reason, but rather several reasons that can lead a youth to commit crimes. Recent research shows that violence among juveniles is rising rapidly and shows that more than 60% of youths will have either been a victim or will have committed a crime sometime during their youth years (Garza, 2011). Research has also stated that the crime rate among juveniles has increases rapidly since the 1980’s and in 2009 youths were responsible for more than 2 million violent crimes in the United States (Garza, 2011). At the same time...
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...partner. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, or psychological actions or threats against another person (Domestic Violence. (n.d.). Studies show that three million children between the ages three to seventeen are at risk of exposure to domestic violence each year (Fotheringham, S., Dunbar, J., & Hensley, D. 2013). Domestic violence poses a serious threat to children’s emotional, psychological and physical well-being. Children who are raised in an abusive home may learn that violence is an effective way to resolve conflicts, which can lead children to continue the abusive legacy in their future relationships. These children also have a higher risk of psychological problems, drug or alcohol abuse, and juvenile delinquency (Nguyen, H. T., Edleson, J. L., & Kimball, E. 2012). The Impact Domestic Violence has on Children Children who are exposed to domestic violence are impacted psychologically, emotionally and experience a wide range of difficulties. They are more likely to exhibit aggressive and antisocial behavior or to be depressed and anxious (Cherry, K 2014). According to Eric Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development, children in stage one will develop a sense of trust or mistrust. Exposure to violence in the first years of life brings about helplessness and terror, which can be attributed to the lack of protection received by the parent. This lack of trust can lead to serious problems later in life, as there is no resolution...
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...|Adolescence and Delinquency | |I couldn't begin to cover all the possible reasons that may cause an | |adolescent to become a "juvenile delinquent." During my research, I found | |that the term juvenile delinquency is defined a number of ways. Mosby's | |Medical Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary summed up juvenile delinquency | |best with this definition; "resistant antisocial, illegal, or criminal | |behavior by children or adolescents to the degree that it cannot be | |controlled or corrected by the parents, endangers others in the community, | |and becomes the concern of a law enforcement agency"(1994). | |I found that most theories about what causes delinquency in children and | |adolescents originate with families and parenting. Many statistics and | |studies have been conducted comparing the number of youths that had chosen a | |delinquent life style, with single parent households, or parents who were...
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...graded theory of informal social control provides the most accurate picture of change because it helps us understand the entire life course of human development aspects of delinquency Biology and Crime BIOLOGY SHAPES DECISION MAKING Romanian Orphans * Lack of contact with caregivers * Lived under chronic stress * Lack of nurture and support * Needs were inconsistently met * Orphans experienced prolonged stress in their brains * Resulted in serious dysfunctions in several regions of the brain that are responsible fore regulating human behavior * Emotional control, attachment, empathy, etc. * All energy went into surviving Effect on the orphans * Poor cognitive and social skills * Poor school outcomes (learning disabilities) * Hyperactivity and impulse problems Prolonged stress in infancy antisocial behavior in adulthood * Mental health and psychiatric disorders * Aggression and antisocial behavior Process can be reversed if child adopted before 6 months of age Physical side effects of the brain. small and normal size are effected too Infancy and the brain * Violent behavior is linked to abuse and neglect that occurs within the first two years of life * Early violence disrupts the healthy development of the orbitofrontal cortex * Crucial for the regulation of emotion (impulse/ self control) * Responsible for “gut reactions” * Attachment * Empathy * Development of your brain helps you...
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...According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse about six million people over the age 12 have used cocaine at least once in the past year.” Our text book stated : “Cocaine is one of the most dangerous drugs available to teenagers and along with the amphetamines are powerful psychostimulant that markedly affect mental functioning and behavior. These drugs augment the action of several neurotransmitters, the most important is dopamine. “( text book) Cocaine is a purified extract from the leaves of the Erythroxylum coca bush. Different chemical processes produce the two main forms of cocaine: Powdered cocaine: commonly known on the street as “coke” or “blow” dissolves in water. Users can snort or inject powdered cocaine .Crack cocaine: commonly known on the street as “crack: or “ rock” is made by chemical process that leaves it in its “freebase” form, which can be smoked. One of the most risky effects of teenage cocaine use is that the body can develop a tolerance to the drug, and the user needs increasingly larger doses of the drug to achieve the same feeling. This can increase the chance of an overdose, as the user takes successively greater amounts of cocaine in an effort to get high. In certain cases, first time users of cocaine have suffered from sudden death, the possibility of which dramatically increases when alcohol is simultaneously consumed. The objective of this paper is to discuss the symptom of the abuse in teenagers, the degree that the substance...
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...the country. Domestic violence can be defined has any intimidation, physical assault, sexual assault, or other abusive behavior executed by one intimate partner against another. One distinguishing characteristic of domestic violence is its innate ability to affect individuals regardless of age, race, nationality, or economic status. Although countless studies have researched the adverse effects of domestic on battered women, the effect of the violence on the children involved has been greatly ignored. It has been determined through myriad studies that domestic violence not only affects the mother’s caregiving abilities but also...
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...Aggression and Violent Behavior 10 (2004) 99 – 128 Does viewing violent media really cause criminal violence? A methodological review Joanne Savage* Department of Justice, Law and Society, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016-8043, USA Received 9 September 2002; received in revised form 26 October 2003; accepted 30 October 2003 Abstract The topic of media violence has been the subject of heated debate in recent decades. There is a vast empirical literature on the effects of television on aggression but no published comprehensive review has ever focused on those studies that use criminal aggression as their outcome. The present paper represents an attempt to fill this void and provide a resource for those who do not wish to delve into four decades of original research in order to assess this line of investigation. Studies are evaluated based on contemporary standards of research in the field of criminology. Although the possibility that television and film violence has an impact on violent criminality remains, it is concluded here that, despite persistent published reviews that state the contrary, the body of published, empirical evidence on this topic does not establish that viewing violent portrayals causes crime. D 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Television violence; Media violence; Violent crime 1. Introduction A vast empirical literature on the impact of television exposure on aggression has accrued over the...
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...Literature Review Family Structural Changes and Juvenile Delinquency To develop a well-formulated theory on family structural changes playing an impact on juvenile delinquency, it is imperative to discern what other information exists surrounding the topic. There are multiple sources that seek to determine what factors influence kids/teens to turn into delinquents, from either a stable, loving home or a place filled with toxic disasters. This study is focused on analyzing how these various factors within a family within a family impact a child's likelihood of experiencing juvenile delinquency, but more specifically how family changes are a factor. My proposed research studies the question by studying individuals, making persons my phenomena. Using the existing studies as a basis of knowledge will provide the framework for a new theory involving the significance of family structural changes. One of the major functions of the family is to protect, teach, and train children so that they become competent, productive adults and if that job is not done properly, then it can be assumed that the family has failed to do its job (Kunz, 2001b). Variable: DIVORCE We first have to look into whether juvenile delinquency is related to divorce. Cynthia Price and Jenifer Kunz created a meta-analysis, involving 72 studies where meta-analysis is the quantitative statistical analysis of several separate but similar experiments or studies in order to test the pooled data for statistical significance...
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...of child abuse or neglect in 2006 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). While physical injuries may or may not be immediately visible, abuse and neglect can have consequences for children, families, and society that last lifetimes, if not generations. The impact of child abuse and neglect is often discussed in terms of physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences. In reality, however, it is impossible to separate them completely. Physical consequences, such as damage to a child's growing brain, can have psychological implications such as cognitive delays or emotional difficulties. Psychological problems often manifest as high-risk behaviors. Depression and anxiety, for example, may make a person more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol or illicit drugs, or overeat. High-risk behaviors, in turn, can lead to long-term physical health problems such as sexually transmitted diseases, cancer, and obesity. This factsheet provides an overview of some of the most common physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences of child abuse and neglect, while acknowledging that much crossover among categories exists. Factors Affecting the Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect Physical Health Consequences Psychological Consequences Behavioral Consequences Societal Consequences Summary References The Federal Government has made a considerable investment in research regarding the causes and long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect...
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...Catanduanes State University Laboratory Schools Virac, Catanduanes SY 2014-2015 Drug Addiction/Drug Usage Lyri Kirsten Anicken T. Gianan Grade 9 – Platinum Mr. Eddie Cabrera February 11, 2015 Report on the Enforcement of the Prohibition Laws of the United States by the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement (Wickersham Commission Report on Alcohol Prohibition) I have signed the report of the Commission, although as is probably inevitable when eleven people of different antecedents and temperaments endeavor to agree upon a contentious subject, it is more or less of a compromise of varying opinions. In so far as it states facts, I believe it to be generally accurate. Every effort has been made to make it so. I should have preferred to have it state more facts and fewer broad generalizations from unstated facts. But the difficulties in securing accurate statistics, owing to the unsystematic and unscientific manner in which they are commonly kept in this country, often makes it impossible to get reliable statements of fact, although there may be sufficient available information to afford a fairly reliable basis of generalization. I am in entire accord with the conclusions "that enforcement of the National Prohibition Act made a bad start which has affected enforcement ever since"; that "it was not until after the Senatorial investigation of 1926 had opened people's eyes to the extent of law breaking and corruption that serious efforts were made" to coordinate "the...
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