...effect of early school leaving on young people between the ages of 15 or more both physically, mentally, emotionally, economically and socially. DEFINITION For a better understanding of the topic of discourse, a clear definition of what early school leaving means is pertinent. Though there is no clear cut definition, the consideration of definitions of the term by the European Union, EU, in relation to the definitions by other countries like USA, Canada will enhance the understanding of the topic. The USA, Canada and the OECD define early school leaving in similar ways, and all differ from the EU definition. In the USA, early school leavers, "drop outs", are those who have not graduated from High School. This focus has a number of benefits. The single benchmark, attainment of a High School Diploma, covers the whole of the US education system and provides a clear idea of what the outcome of compensatory policy would be: get young people re-enrolled and graduated if and when they drop out. Policy in the US is based on clarity of definition and measurement of the problem. RATIONALE: The importance of this topic can never be overemphasized because it is dealing on a topic that has been a recurrence decimal in the society and has had dire effects on the society. This topic is important to explore because it explains the reasons why young people leave school early without completing their leaving certificate and also explains the different problems and difficulties which early school...
Words: 3963 - Pages: 16
...HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN EDUCATION AMONG THE IGBOMINA PEOPLE OF KWARA STATE By DR J. T. DOSUNMU Abstract This study examines the introduction of Western Education into Igbomina area of Kwara State of Nigeria by the Christian Missions. The administration and management of the various schools introduced by the missions were jointly administered by the colonial administrators and the missions. After the initial resistance to education, the exposure of the people to 'southern' influence soon made them realise what they have to gain from western education. It was for this reason that education became the "main industry" of the area. By far the most important agent of western education in the area was the S.I.M. (ECWA), which started its activities in 1912. Like in other parts of Nigeria, mission education in Igbomina was geared towards evangelical ends. However, the people of Igbomina saw western education as a tool to improve their quality of life. But it was not long before the people realised that the mere possession of education did not in itself provide employment along desired lines. Introduction The development of western education in Igbomina cannot be treated in isolation from traditional forms of education. In this society, traditional education was a way of life before the advent of Western education introduced by missionaries and the colonial administration. But inspite of the growth and success of western education in this region, the place of traditional education...
Words: 6256 - Pages: 26
...Introduction English language was introduced in South China in the eighteenth century. It took root in the mid nineteenth century when a school teaching English was started. The first missionary schools lasted for 10 years (1835-1851). After the 1860 war the schools were reopened and they spread to other parts of china. Between 1872 and 1925 over 7,000 missionary schools were operational with over 260,000 students. Learning English was a means to learning modernized military methods and an opening for china to work with foreign countries and create alliances. Strained relations with USSR when Russian language was to replace English gave the Western culture a better impact opportunity (Hughes, 2006). The support of English has undergone many difficulties but since the 1980’s China has encouraged working relations and study opportunities in English as it has helped them economically, politically and in its cultural dynamics. English has received much support in recent years as it has made Chinas world market expand astronomically. On other hand, China is obliged to use English language for the purposes of international trade and interaction. This is because English has remained to be the world largest spoken language (Wu, 2012). Economical China has enjoyed successful relations with on a global scale for its conformation to the English language. Since 1980’s, Mainland China has been doing business with different international countries but especially those with an English support...
Words: 2345 - Pages: 10
...Executive Summary This report examines the need for a learning tool that would improve and develop the learner’s literacy skills. Methods of analysis includes examining the needs from relevant stakeholders and the outcomes from a community of inquiry. Results of the research and feedback demonstrated that although students may possess English GCSE qualifications the business community and bodies such as OFSTED highlight that the level of literacy amongst today’s school leavers was not adequate in terms of the functional skill. The report highlights the importance of increasing student’s level of literacy and functional skills. There are areas specifically in terms of cross-curricular activities that could be further explored. The report recommends the creation of a learning tool in the form of a booklet to enable students to develop and improve their literacy skills within the business curriculum and thus the functional skill. Once the initial proposal was agreed in order to maintain focus throughout the project, SMART objectives were established and addressed, a time plan was created and the personal tutor was involved during the project (Refer to Appendix 1). Introduction ‘Literacy is a fundamental human right and the foundation of lifelong learning. It is fully essential to social and human development in its ability to transform lives. For individuals, families, and societies alike, it is an instrument of empowerment to improve one’s health, one’s income, and...
Words: 4327 - Pages: 18
...services. A team of 24 loom technicians who have from 8 to 15 years experience maintain the production output. The 1991 Corporate Plan concluded that: ‘Because of the constricting squeeze on defense projects on the finances of civilian helicopter operators, which appears likely to continue until the world recession ends and general demands picks up, future activity in the three factories will be at a lower level during the next two to three years than seemed likely a few years ago’. Many improved method was created and trialed that no redundancies would occur as a result. Firstly, it is a detailed cost-cutting exercise, with particular emphasis on the loom workshop. Secondly, small groups of five female workers who are 16 to 17 year old school leavers were introduced. Unfortunately, conflicts appeared...
Words: 3128 - Pages: 13
...‘Examinable Physical Education – A good idea?’ Physical Education (PE) is a subject where you can take part in and learn about physical activities. You learn about how important keeping fit is for the health of your body and mind. In some activities you work on your own and in others you work with your classmates as part of a team. (NCCA) Physical education is now a compulsory subject in all schools in Ireland, and the same is true for most other countries in the world. In countries where P.E is not compulsory, it is often taught as part of the curriculum ‘as a matter of general practice’. (Hardman. K). It is important that these guidelines be adhered to by schools from a young ages i.e. primary schools, as the early years of a child’s life are crucial in the development of fundamental movement skills and the opportunity to develop physical capacities. In some schools however, there are various reasons as to why these necessary requirements are not complied with. These include poor time allocation to P.E as other subjects are seen as more superior and of more importance, lack of assessment procedures, financial reasons e.g. lack of resources such as halls, pitches and courts and also poor equipment available such as nets, balls, rackets etc. Finally one huge factor contributing to the inadequacy of P.E classes or no P.E classes at all may be due to the deficiency in numbers of qualified Physical Education teachers and also negative attitudes from parents and individuals in higher...
Words: 1125 - Pages: 5
...years, Sam Barlow High School plans to renovate much of its school campus; several new additions are set in the blueprints for a more revitalized and rejuvenated education facility. While particular subject areas within the school are getting redesigned, such as math classrooms, science labs, and the athletics stadium, other courses are either not getting touched or getting cut completely from the school campus. Unfortunately, child development is one of those programs getting cut. The child development building itself will no longer exist as a preschool for the local community or as a learning facility for high school students who seek experience in an education career field. Sam Barlow High School and...
Words: 1262 - Pages: 6
...taken on again). Voluntarily unemployed. People not previously employed School leavers People who were previously employed but left the workforce and didn’t register, and have decided to return to it. Immigrants People resigning from work OUTFLOWS FROM THE UNEMPLOYMENT POOL People get jobs or create their business People leave the labour force completely (retired and discouraged workers). Emigrants COSTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT Economic costs of Unemployment are estimated at over 7% of GDP. Loss in output that could have been produced if everyone was working Loss in tax revenue Loss of income Unemployment can lead to a lack of social cohesion, and physical and mental health, increased crime rates. Most unemployed people feel a low level of selfesteem REASONS FOR EU’S HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Competition from other areas of the world. Rapid growth in labour costs. High minimum wages have discouraged employers from hiring low-skilled workers. Replacement ratio - generous welfare benefits have weakened incentives for people to take available jobs. Tax wedge – discouraged workers. Restrictions against firings have discouraged firms from employing workers. MINIMUM WAGE EFFECTS MINIMUM WAGES, JANUARY 2014 (1) (EUR PER MONTH) YB14 US minimum wage http://money.cnn.com/interactive/pf/state-minimum-wage/ 30 to 40 days per year of paid vacations and holidays have boosted the cost of hiring workers. Early retirement is a problem, as the state has to fork out pensions earlier...
Words: 809 - Pages: 4
...Review on established theories in the areas of intellectual and social development A theoretical understanding of child development is essential, allowing us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth that children go through from birth and into early adulthood (Neufeld & Mate, 2005). Some of the major theories of child development are known as grand theories; they attempt to describe every aspect of development, often using a stage approach, such as, Urie Bronfenbrenner, Eric Erikson and Jean Piaget. Urie Bronfenbrenner (1979 - 2005) founded the Ecological Systems Theory which provides an understanding of how the complex relationship between the infant, the family, and society impact child development. Brofenbrenner’s theory looks at how each of the areas interplay in the development of humans and how all areas impact development instead of studying each area separately. Bronfenbrenner (1975) states that “as a child develops, the interaction within these environments becomes more complex. This complexity can arise as the child’s physical and cognitive structures grow and mature. So, given that nature continues on a given path, how does the world that surrounds the child help or hinder continued development?” Bronfenbrenner labeled five different aspects of the environment that influence children's development. These include the micro system, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macro system, and the chronosystem. The...
Words: 3505 - Pages: 15
...Children and Youth Services Review 29 (2007) 698 – 720 www.elsevier.com/locate/childyouth Family economic well-being following the 1996 welfare reform: Trend data from five non-experimental panel studies Kristen Shook Slack a,⁎, Katherine A. Magnuson a , Lawrence M. Berger a , Joan Yoo b , Rebekah Levine Coley c , Rachel Dunifon d , Amy Dworsky e , Ariel Kalil f , Jean Knab g , Brenda J. Lohman h , Cynthia Osborne i a School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1350 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States b Columbia University, United States c Boston College, United States d Cornell University, United States e Chapin Hall Center for Children, University of Chicago, United States f University of Chicago, United States g Princeton University, United States h Iowa State University, United States i University of Texas at Austin, United States Available online 10 January 2007 Abstract This analysis summarizes trends in family economic well-being from five non-experimental, longitudinal welfare-to-work studies launched following the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA). The studies include a sizable group of parents and other caregivers who received TANF at the point of sample selection or shortly thereafter, and share a wide range of similar measures of economic well-being. This analysis provides descriptive information on how these families are faring over time. Our results confirm what has...
Words: 12726 - Pages: 51
...The Social Context of Childhood Describe and analyse how social factors impact upon children and young people and consider how your setting and practice responds to it. The concept about the nature of childhood has changed in significant ways over time. According to James & Prout (1997) the beginning of the twentieth century has marked what they refer to as 'Century of Child'. This is the time when children were acknowledged as the future of every country. Serious attention was paid to things such as children’s health and education. Also many campaigns were formed to relieve child poverty, which led to the first major success of the Family Allowances Act (1946). This act offered a regular sum for second and subsequent children to be paid to the mother, raising the living standards of children and providing a better quality of life. However over the years particular attention has been paid to the environment that children live and the impact that it has upon their development and life chances. Bronfrebnner (1979) looks at the environment as a layered complex where each layer has an effect on child’s development and life chances. He believed that interaction between factors in the child’s maturing biology, his immediate family/community environment, and the social background fuels and directs his development. Bronfrebnner (1979) continues that modifications or conflict in any one layer of child’s environment will flow through other layers. Furthermore Paquette...
Words: 3508 - Pages: 15
...INTRODUCTION In recent years, the world has experienced a significant increase in the numbers of unemployed people. This has happened when the world in general; has experienced a steady increase in the number of students graduating at different levels of education and training. As a result; the number of educated people that are unemployed has increased steadily over the past two decades. Japan is one of today’s largest manufacturing economies. Starting from the early 1990s; Japan experienced economic recession that led to a dramatic decline in company positions available for prospective high school and university graduates. This was the start to an end of a favorable situation for the young Japanese job seekers, which had prevailed for a long time; and presented a great opportunity for most of these young job seekers to acquire permanent employment. During the same period, there was a great increase in the number of young people engaging in various unstable forms of employment, for instance, temporary part time workers referred to as “freeters.” “Freeters” is an expression in Japanese; for people who lack full time employment with the exception of students and housewives. These freeters earn their income from low skilled thus low paid jobs. In 1982, japan had approximately 0.5 million freeters, by 1987 the number had risen to 0.8 million, and 1.01 million in 1992. The estimates for 1997 were 1.5 million, 4.17 in 2001, and 2 million in 2002. Between the years 2000 and2009,...
Words: 2456 - Pages: 10
...MARKETING PLAN : MKT 745 • MY Keropok House Trading Sdn.Bhd. is a business that market various type of frozen as well as dry food product. • Core business is to process fishery-based product namely Keropok Lekor (Fish Sausage), Otak-otak gulung (Spring Roll Otak-otak) and Currypuff under the great supervision of Department of Fishery, Malaysia. • The company was incorporated on 1st August 2001 and was named as Keropok House & Industry with its first plant located at Glenmarie, Shah Alam, Selangor. • With their full commitment to produce high quality product, they moved to a new plant, Keropok House & Industry Sdn Bhd, at Megah Industrial Park, Section 27 Shah Alam, Selangor in early 2009 to implement food safety and quality system, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). MY KEROPOK HOUSE TRADING SDN BHD To penetrate global market for frozen food with highly recognized food safety system certification To fulfil customers and regulatory requirements. We are committed to consistently produce quality and safe product for our customers and continually improve in maintaining effective food safety system with the line of HACCP principles • To ensure that product produced are safe for public consumption and comply to Malaysian Food Act 1983 and Food Regulation 1985. • To keep aware and always comply with importing country's Food Act and Regulation. • To reduce customer complaint regarding safety issue to zero case every year. OBJECTIVE DIRECTOR : TN...
Words: 932 - Pages: 4
...INDUCTION (Ask student if anybody has been to a new place either for a job or for social event) Foot and Cook (2008) define Induction “as the process of helping new employees settle quickly into their job so that they soon become an efficient and productive employee”. CIPD factsheet 2014 are of the view that “‘induction’ is generally used in a workplace context to describe the whole process whereby employees adjust to their jobs and working environment”. Stirzaker (2004) found in her research on staff induction in international schools that induction must be a continuous process and not a one off event. The length and nature of the induction process depends on the complexity of the job and the background of the new employee. One size does not fit all - a standardised induction course is unlikely to satisfy anyone. “Induction is best seen as a process that commences before the employee starts work and extends through the first two or three months of employment. In the very best instances the new recruit is deliberately eased into the new job” (Lashley, Conrad, & Warwick 2002) Induction process can be formal or informal. Formal Induction – Normally associated with large organisations, who usually have a laid process of inducting the new recruit into the organisation Informal Induction - Purpose of Induction * CIPD opine that the purpose of induction is to ensure the effective integration of staff into or across the organisation for the benefit of both parties...
Words: 1358 - Pages: 6
...Career Guidance Theories Career guidance theories provide insight into how individuals make career decisions and what influences impact on those decisions throughout the course of a person’s life. Most have derived from the different branches of psychology; personality, developmental, cognitive and social. More contemporary theories however consider the sociological influences on career journeys too. Most acknowledge the role of career guidance, although differ on opinion as to when, how often and the resulting impact of guidance. Career guidance practice is informed by theory. Theories are used to devise policies over careers education and guidance and to provide tools for evaluation and amendment of practices. In 1908 Parsons developed what is considered the first theory of vocational guidance. The ‘talent matching’ approach. Parsons based this theory on three ideas; (a) people are different, (b) jobs are different and (c) by studying both individual and jobs, it should be possible to match them up. This theory implies it is possible to measure individual talents and the skills required for particular jobs, assumes people perform best when matched to a job suited to their abilities and therefore assumes that career decision making is of a rational nature. Others have developed this theory, sometimes referred to as ‘person-environment fit’ or trait/factor further. Rodger (1952) developed a ‘seven point plan’ with matching at the centre of the process. He...
Words: 3104 - Pages: 13
