...First outbreak of Ebola virus disease was in 1976. This uncommon disease was reported in Central Africa in Zaire (WHO, 2014)? Since the discovery of Ebola virus in 1976 the outbreak of Ebola virus was reported in West Africa in March 2014. (WHO 2014). Ebola virus was named after Ebola River which traversed through the affected region. Studies showed that there are five spices of Ebola virus, each single-stranded RNA virus in the filoviridae family. The Bundibugyo, Zaire, and Sudan species have been responsible for the entire known Ebola outbreak’s, with current outbreak in West Africa (K.Pritish. el, al. 2014, p. 1712). Centres for Disease Control reported that the other two Ebola virus species are the Reston Ebola virus, which seems like is limited to Philippines and has not reported that cause any human disease to date, whereas, Tai Forest Ebola virus, which did infect to a scientist, who was performing an autopsy on a chimpanzee (CDC, 2014). The World Health Organisation (2015) stated that fruit bats were the host of Ebola Virus. (WHO, 2014). Monkeys and other nonhuman primates may serve as intermediate hosts. Therefore increased human-animal interface in parts of Africa and the black market bush meat trade have been implicated in bringing the disease into human populations. (K.Pritish. et. al p. 1713). One of the researchers who first identified Ebola virus, Dr Peter Piot 1976 stated, “In general, it is an infection that causes epidemics only if basic hospital hygiene is...
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...world. Ebola has affected many countries in the world including United States of America. It has brought about many sociological factors that influenced the world to come together and work together and work together to fight the pandemic disease. United States and Britain come together raised money and funded my research institutions in America and in Africa to fight the disease. Therefore, I will take you into a journey and explain what Ebola is and how it is affected the world according to my research based on this disease. I hope you will learn how it affected the social factors in the society, for example, fatality rates and how the world society was affected in terms of health, financial constraints. This research paper is dedicated to the restless efforts of scientists, and government in the United States and Britain for their great contribution to fight Ebola. To the courageous doctors who flew to Africa and risked their lives in order to help the people in West Africa. Ebola virus disease (EVD) was also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, it is severe, often fatal illness in humans. It is transmitted from wild animals and spreads to human population via direct human transmission. For example, it can also be transmitted through body fluids, objects and fruits from primates Also, Ebola firstly appeared in Sudan, Nzara and in the Republic of Congo in a village near Ebola River, thus its name evolved. Currently, it is rated as a dangerous virus severely...
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...ETHICAL DILEMMA CJS/211 September 1, 2014 Michael Raneses ETHICAL DILEMMA EBOLA VIRUS Ebola virus appeared in Sudan, Zaire in 1976. The very first outbreak of the Ebola virus was named Sudan Ebola virus and it infected over 284 people, killing 53% of its victims. Another strain of the infection came infecting 318 people; this strain was called the Zaire Ebola virus. It had the highest mortality rate of 88%, and at this time the researchers were not able to pin point where the Ebola virus had originated from. The third subtype of the virus is known as Reston-Ebola and was identified in1989 when it infected monkeys that were being imported to Reston, Virginia from Philippines. The virus also has infected some of the patients, but the patients did not develop the Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The fourth subtype had occurred during 1994 when an ethnologist was during a necropsy on a dead chimpanzee. The ethnologist accidentally infected herself while she was performing the necropsy on the chimpanzee. Ebola has become more prevalent in Africa, where there is an outbreak. The Ebola virus is worsening in West Africa and the director of the Center of Disease Control and Prevention urge traveling warning to any person that may be going any of the three West Africa countries that have been hit by the outbreak. Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone the disease have killed all together more than 700 individuals this year alone. This outbreak can become a “global pandemic”...
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...EBOLA: Quarantine to control the outbreak One evening, as I sat on the couch relaxing from the stressful day I had; my eleven years old daughter came to me terrified saying, "mom I'm afraid, the Ebola is here". I immediately comforted her while silently worrying about the virus to myself. That made me pursue information about the virus and learn how to protect my family from the outbreak. Ebola is an awful virus which has many symptoms among bleeding causing death. There is currently no vaccine or cure for Ebola, the cost to treat the virus can be very high, and many medical centers may be ill-equipped to handle Ebola patients. After learning how deadly the virus can be that's when I decided that anyone entering the country from affected countries should be on a mandatory quarantine for twenty-one days to ensure they are Ebola free before possibly exposing any Americans to the virus. Ebola, also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, was discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River; thus how the virus was named. Since its discovery outbreaks have occurred intermittently of the years in Africa. The natural host of the Ebola virus remains unknown to this day. Although, many researchers believe that the virus likely came from bats. There are a total of five strains of the virus; four of which are known to infect humans. Nonhuman primates such as monkey and gorillas can be infected by all five strains. According to the CDC, scientist believe that the first patient becomes infected...
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...of Contents Table of Contents Introduction Historical Occurrences of Ebola Countries Affected by the Current Outbreak How the Ebola Virus Spreads Current Level of Infection The Response to the Crisis i. Internally by the local government ii. The role of UN agencies iii. The role of Non governmental agencies iv. The role of the International community v. Canada’s role to date Canada’s Preparedness for a Mass Epidemic Conclusion Bibliography Page 1 of 16 2 3 3 6 8 9 11 13 14 15 EBOLA HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER Introduction This report will attempt to disseminate current and accurate information regarding the status of the Ebola Haemorrhagic fever. While western Africa is currently experiencing the largest outbreak of the Ebola virus in history, this severe and often fatal disease is also affecting thousands of innocent people across our world. Never has the medical community had to deal with such an outbreak. Not only do the medical professionals not know how to treat and handle afflicted patients, they are unable to contain this virus that is spreading at a violent speed. This report will discuss the following issues surrounding Ebola: Historical Occurences, Countries Currently Affected, How the Virus Spreads, Current Level of Infection, Response to the Crisis and Canada’s preparedness for a mass epidemic. Historical Occurrences of Ebola Ebola virus disease, or Ebola haemorrhagic fever first appeared in 1976, in Nzara, Sudan and Yambuku...
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...A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates inside of living organisms. viruses can infect all types of living forms from animals humans and other cells and bacteria.There are many harmful viruses in the world however one of the most deadliest virus's known to man is the Ebola virus.The Ebola virus is one of the most difficult to contain or control. It also is one of the fastest killing viruses in the world. I personally have researched other viruses and diseases in the past for highschool,but Ebola after researching it scares me the most. The ebola virus is a very complex level four virus. Level four viruses are extremely lethal, and there is no cure for them yet, not does there seem to be a cure for them or ebola in the near future. To give you an example of just how lethal level four viruses like ebola are, AIDS is only a level three virus, and requires minimal protection when working with it. The protection required for working with the ebola virus consists of wearing three layers of gloves, and giant space suits. Only people with top government security are allowed into these airtight rooms where this all takes place. The virus is a member of the family filoviridae.Throughout media coverage, talk at work, or just rumors, you tend to think that just by being near someone with the virus that you will contact it.My daughter and niece even play around saying don't touch me or I will get Ebola. However the reality of it is that it can only be contracted through...
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...Ebola is quickly spreading across the western part of the African continent, having claimed over two thousand lives already and infecting more and more people every second. The Ebola virus originated in South Sudan breaking out for the first time in 1976. The World Health Organization (WHO) managed to terminate the Ebola virus. In the various outbreaks around Africa that later occurred, it was not of massive concern. Early 2014, Ebola broke out once again, only on a much larger scale. The World Health Organization was slow to react, thinking this outbreak was of a same scale as the previous outbreaks. Now Ebola is not only a concern in West Africa, but also around the world. There are several factors that could have lead to the extensive outbreak of the virus. The world now has a population of over seven billion people, meaning the disease is now not only easily transmitted from person to person but also from country to country and possibly even from continent to continent. This is due to the major travel developments all around the world. Being an area of third world countries, some areas are over populated, which caused such a large start of the epidemic of Ebola and the hygienic situation in West Africa is not to the standards that it should be. The border controls are very poor, allowing individuals that may be infected with the Ebola virus to easily be transmitted to another country. Ebola is now a worldwide concern. Military forces are sending troops from all over the...
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...Ebola Outbreak An Unknown Virus Cedric Smith Strayer University I have been doing some research on Ebola, and here is what I have found out. Ebola and Hepatitis C have some similar symptoms; they both are spread through direct contact with bodily fluids of the infected patients and from needles that have been in contact with the patients. While contained outbreaks have happened, there have not been any mass outbreaks like with Ebola. My hypothesis is that should an Ebola outbreak occur in the US, we will be able to contain the outbreak. Ebola first emerged in Sudan and Zaire in 1976. The first outbreak of Ebola (named after the Ebola River in Zaire) infected over 284 people, with a mortality rate of 53%. “Ebola,” however, is not just one Ebola: There are 4 distinguishable subtypes. The second Ebola virus emerged from Yambuku, Zaire, Ebola-Zaire (EBOZ), with the highest mortality rate of any of the Ebola viruses (88%), infected 318 people. Despite the tremendous effort of effort of experienced and dedicated researches, Ebola natural reservoir was never identified. The third strain of Ebola, Ebola Reston (EBOR), was first identified in 1989 when infected monkeys were imported into Reston, Virginia, from Mindanao in the Philippines. The few people who were infected with EBOR never developed Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF). The last known strain of Ebola, Ebola Cote d’Ivoire (EBO-CI) was discovered in 1994 when a female ethnologist performing a necropsy on a dead chimpanzee...
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...Please click this button to indicate that a screenreader is being used so we may better provide accessible content DEBUNKING TH E MYTHS OF DEBUNKING THE MYTHS OF EBOLA MARK PHILLIPS WESTERN GOVENERS UNIVERSITY LUT1 Debunking The Myths Of Ebola Introduction a. Audience Hook: There seems to be a lot of hysteria about Ebola in the news media. Look at any news source and Ebola is probably on the front page. It makes it seem as though we should be frightened, but how much of a threat does Ebola pose? This presentation was put together to debunk the myths of Ebola and outline what is being done to combat its spread in the United States. b. Thesis Statement: Research suggest that the current Ebola outbreak will not be an epidemic in the United States because it has limited transmission vectors, limited survival on fomites (inanimate objects), and adequate containment measures are achievable to prevent its transmission. Additionally the U.S. community and government responses will be much different than they are in the countries where Ebola is escalating. c. Preview of Main Points: i. Research indicates Ebola is not transmittable through the air but only by direct contact with an infected source so it appears that contact precautions will be an adequate barrier to its spread. ii. Ebola has limited ability to live on fomites therefore research shows that fomites must contain large sources of body fluids in order...
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...Brianna Cole Mrs. Wicks Literature and Composition, Period 5 November 10, 2014 Ebola: Are We Ready Ebola is the Human races worse nightmare; a fast and indiscriminate killer that so far we cannot stop. The latest outbreak began when a 2-year-old boy fell ill on December 6, 2013 in Guinea. () Since then the virus have spread across Southern Africa and to other countries throughout the world. As of October 24, 2014 Ebola infected a total of 8 countries including; Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Mali, Senegal, Nigeria, Spain, and The United states.() A total of 10141 people from these eight countries has been infected and of these people 4922 have died(See Chart 2 for details).() Of these 10,141 people, 4 of them were Americans. ()...
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...Ebola viral disease: What is to be Done? On March 21, 2014, there was a report of a disease that was ripping through African countries. It was soon discovered that the disease was the Ebola viral disease also known as EVD. In a matter of a few short months, the Ebola virus was reported in three of Guinea’s Conakry city districts named Gueckedou, Macenta, and Kissidougou, in Liberia’s Foya district, and in Sierra Leone (Dixon, Meredith G., and Ilana J. Schafer). On October 23, 2014, there was the first recorded Ebola case in the United States. There would be three more confirmed cases before the news would declare that the United States was Ebola-free. Those that had been infected with the virus had picked them up while in Guinea and had been transported to the U.S. for treatment. There was a scare when two health care personnel tested positive with the virus while caring for others. However, due to Emory Hospital’s fantastic protocols, the virus was contained and eventually cleared from the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Nonetheless, the Ebola viral disease is a deadly virus most commonly found in African countries in which outbreaks have occurred throughout history; but through careful procedures, and a change in current ideals, it can be contained and even prevented on a broader scale. The first main concept is the Ebola is a deadly disease that has affected hundreds around the world and currently does not have a cure. According to...
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...Travel to and from Africa should be restricted Charles M Hilbers ITT Tech Abstract On October 19, 2014, the evening news announced the return of two Poplarville, Mississippi residents from West Africa. Their neighbors expressed major concern, especially since one of them was a preacher and a school bus driver. The other one said that what should have been a lifetime opportunity for her had been spoiled by phone calls from concerned neighbors. She maintained that they had done their research and concerns over their return were unfounded, based on fear not fact (Grace, 2014). I found her attitude not only ambiguous, but self-centered and showing little concern for her friends, family, and neighbors. Living in South Mississippi myself, and in light of recent cases of travel related Ebola in the United States, I wanted to know if these concerns are truly founded or not. I used Local TV and newspaper articles, CDC website, and various articles I found on the Virtual Library to research the situation. In my opinion, based on my research, these people did not research well enough or reached a decision based on their personal bias rather than fact. My research shows that although there has not been any cases reported in Ghana, where they actually went, there have been cases in the neighboring countries of Sierra Leonne, Liberia, Guinea, Senegal, and Nigeria, with travel related cases popping up all over the world. Therefore, there is some danger of being exposed to Ebola, and in spite...
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...Video: “EBOLA” Reflection Paper In the year 1976, Ebola climbed out of its unknown hiding place, and caused the death of 340 people. In 2014, Ebola once again had climbed out of its hiding place and caused an outbreak in West Africa. A total of 2,000 deaths and thousands of cases documented by the end of 2014 that left all in panic. Feared gripped upon victim’s faces, and uncertainty tortured the minds of all on this planet including myself as a medical staff nurse. There had been more transmission between humans in the past four months than there had ever in the past 500 or more years concerning this deadly Ebola virus. As the infections transmitted and multiplied, it evolved so fast that any single mode vaccine could very well not contain it. As the body count tallies where up, it’s was beginning to appear like Ebola may be some kind of population reduction scheme as we all saw and the video portrayed. The people of Zaire where waiting outside of clinics, churches and in their homes for a treatment of this horrible disease, but there was no cure or vaccine at hand. Seeing this video and watching the news on TV made me feel helpless as a medical staff individual. Fear was upon us at hospitals, as we forced to watch people die on a daily basis thru the media, hoping that they would be saved from the violent death of the Ebola virus. Hospital nationwide where building isolation centers and procedures for cases appearing in the United States. Scientist...
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...Ebola is in infectious and frequently fatal disease marked by fever and severe internal bleeding,spread through contact with infected body fluids by a filovirus. Ebola virus is an aggressive pathogen that causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever syndrome in humans and nonhuman primates. Maintaining oxygen status and blood pressure is the treatment for not getting ebola .Ebola infection develop antibodies that last for at least 10 years, possibly longer. It is not known if people who recover are immune for life or if they can become infected with a different species of Ebola.Peter piot discover pathogens and disease of ebola. EBOLA VIRUS To avoid Ebola avoid kissing or sharing food.you can get ebola through sex and could live in semen up...
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...Ebola Virus Ebola is the virus that is currently discussed in the news today because of its deadly outcome and widespread outbreak on the southeastern Guinea communities in West Africa. First identified as the Ebola hemorrhagic fever, the Ebola disease is transported by wild animals yet spread also by human-to-human contact. Sun et al. (2014) stated in The Washington Post that this single virus may infect over 1.4 million people, is classified as an endemic, and could possibly affect other countries. Authors of the article noted that people were dying in the streets, the outbreak has surged past 5,800 people infected, and so far have been at least 2,800 deaths. Numbers related to the outbreak and subsequent deaths are rising daily. The New England Journal of Medicine (2014) stated the number of deaths related to Ebola is expected to increase by a thousand per week. According to the article, the citizens of Sierra Leone affected others at the rate of two to one. For every one person who becomes affected with the Ebola virus, then two other people in the population will become ill. The Guinea and Liberia communities are not affected at such an alarming rate, yet the virus is rapidly spreading. The World Health Organization (WHO) research team noted there are only a small percentage of treatments and vaccines for the virus that are able to treat the virus. The likelihood that the treatment would be available in large quantities is a small percentage. In West Africa, the...
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