...Identify and critically evaluate four variables that account for the emergence of international business. International Business, which is the other way to seek an opportunity of brand new markets and a better driver of changing the recent environment (Ramirez-Aleson & Espitia-Escuer, 2001). It is thought as a business or industry that attracts and provides in international economic activities (Peng, 2011). From the views of domestic and international industries, the former competes and collaborates with the foreign entrants, the latter enters an aboard market to get the market share for growing itself up. Peng (2011) argues that International Business includes both international activities and domestic activities. The traditional boundaries of international and domestic business are deliberated blurring, because most of the previously national markets are globalized now. Mention to the current situation about International Business, it is essential to understand what and how International Business is emerged. The variables of why International Business happened have been defined by scholars, first of all, Dunning (2001) believes competitive advantages are quite important to help corporations extend their business. Second, Johnson & Tuner (2003) indicates five drivers of International Business, that are Economy, International governance and regulation, Finance and capital, Communication technology, Social and cultural convergence, etc. Additionally, Huang (2005) and...
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...Jeremy White Kaplan University Dr. Sjuib May 17, 2012 Executive Summary: Apple Inc, is an American multinational organization which deals in manufacturing, designing and marketing computers, computer software and different consumer electronics. The company has been listed in NASDAQ exchange under ‘AAPL’ ticker symbol. The company is headed by Mr. Bill Campbell. The present CEO of Apple Inc. is Mr. Steve Jobs, who has a strong focus on innovation. The company works strongly on innovation and technology, so as to have a competitive edge in the market, with a strong focus on innovation, the company is able to makes differentiated products which makes Apple Inc. one of the most successful company. Company overview: ‘Apple Inc, is one of the biggest manufacturer of personal PC’s , mobile communication devices and portable music and video players. The Company’s products and services include the Mac line of desktop and portable computers, iPhone, the iPod line of portable digital music and video players, Apple TV, Xserve, a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications, the Mac OS X operating system, third-party digital content and applications through the iTunes Store, and a variety of accessory, service and support offerings. The Company sells its products worldwide through its online stores, its retail stores, its direct sales force, and third-party wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. In addition, the Company sells a variety of third-party...
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...The coined term B2C or business to consumer describes a form of business where a company sells products to consumers. An example of a B2C in tangible terms would be walking into Wal-Mart and buying something. An example of a B2C eCommerce would be going to Wal-Mart’s website and making a purchase. B2C eCommerce can be any business selling a product, service or information to consumers online. B2C in eCommerce is basically electronic retailing or shopping electronically. B2C’s can be anything from vacations, cruises, airline tickets, games, books, clothes etc. The coined term B2B or business to business describes a form of business when one company buys from or sells to another. An example of a B2B in tangible terms would be a copy machine salesman going door to door to business’s trying to sell copy machines to offices. An example of a B2B eCommerce site would be a copy machine website serving the copy machine needs of offices all over the world. B2B eCommerce is more than just buying or selling however, many B2B sites now outsource their supply chain as well. B2B’s include processes that either enable or improve relationships between individual firms or multiple companies. B2B’s can include design, engineering, supply, delivery, accounts payable, accounts receivable, product search, electronic payments and managing logistics. There are many differences in B2B and B2C sites, in which I will try to outline and define through the course of this paper...
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...The Evolution and Development of E-Commerce Market and E-Cash Azamat Nogoev1 Faculty of Business Management and Globalization LimkokwingUniversity of Creative Technology, Cyberjaya, Malaysia Azamat_nogoev@yahoo.co.uk Rashad Yazdanifard2 Faculty of Management,Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia rashadyazdanifard@yahoo.com Shahriar Mohseni3 Faculty of Management,Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia shahriar_mohseni@yahoo.com Behrang Samadi4 Faculty of Management,Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia behrang_samadi@yahoo.com Meera Menon5 Faculty of Design Inovation, LimkokwingUniversity of Creative Technology, Cyberjaya, Malaysia meera@limkokwing.edu.my ABSTRACT Given the impact of the Internet on all aspects of economic life, it can be regarded as a source of emergence of new electronic economy with an extremely rapid growth, creating new opportunities for Industrial and business activity, increase employment opportunities.Robust economic activity on the Internet or by using its capabilities led to the emergence of a new concept- electronic commerce. KEY WORDS Internet, electronic commerce, electronic payment systems. 1. INTRODUCTION Advances in communication technologies within the last decade of the twentieth century paved the way for innovations, promoting rapid globalization. The convergence of telecommunications and computer technology has given birth to a new business organizational system called the internet, presenting a revelation...
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...INTRODUCTION E-commerce also is a short from electronic commerce. It is a process of communication transaction between the buyer and seller. It can be known as a type of business which process with electronically. Normally, most of the people will refer e-commerce as via from internet to selling product, but it also can be covers purchasing mechanisms via internet which is business to business and business to consumers. Electronic commerce is related to business transaction of goods and services conducted between 2 or more parties electronically mainly through open internet based system, for instant the parties can exchange information through internet rather than physical exchange. This type of communication through e-commerce can be known as email, internet, intranet, extranet and so on. In practice, this term and a newer term, e-business, are often used interchangeably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used. For example, bought or sold anything on e-bay, purchased a book on Amazon, or made any other transaction online you have participated in e commerce. Electronic commerce that takes place between businesses is referred to as business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants such as private electronic market. Electronic commerce that takes place between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business-to-consumer or B2C. This is the type of electronic...
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...to be of much use in the near future in Bangladesh because of low per capita income, a weak infrastructural and legal environment, lack of trust between business and consumers. B2C for cross border trade is also limited by the factors suggested for the domestic front. In addition, non-availability of international credit cards, foreign currency remittance restrictions, delays and informal payments at customs clearance even for small value and quantity items will discourage B2C. The B2B application already exists in the export sector of Bangladesh, especially in the Ready Made Garments (RMG) industry. RMG has the lion’s share of the export earnings in Bangladesh. The RMG sector has begun to use the Internet, and its dependence on ecommerce is likely to grow in the coming years. The Internet would enable them to seek information about potential buyers as well as raw material suppliers. Similarly the practice of posting a website by individual producers has begun. However, if Bangladeshi producers are unable to...
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...social networks and Skype, for example • Ecommerce • Surfing the internet for learning • Research. This list is not exhaustive. However one process that changed my life very much is through searching for jobs online. There are a lot of employment agencies that are online. People can register with them for their services. I registered with a number of employment agencies in my country. I can now search for jobs and apply for jobs on the internet in a fast and efficient manner. Before the use of the internet for that purpose people would be required to use express mails or postal services to apply for jobs. People could also travel for long distances in search of employment. I can no longer do that. I have changed jobs in the past ten years through online applications. It now takes very little time to search for employment. The employment agencies, can as well keep data bases of job seekers, so much that it is easier to find right candidates for employment. In the past ten years I changed jobs four times by the use of the internet. That has not been very expensive for me. Now I am earning a lot of money because I managed to search for the best jobs on the internet. Reference http://www.rileguide.com http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/2094.pdf The internet The internet has changed the lives of many people world over. It has also led to the emergence of new ways of doing business such as e-banking, e-books and ecommerce. The internet has assisted me in several...
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...International Journal of u- and e- Service, Science and Technology Vol.6, No.6 (2013), pp.187-194 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2013.6.6.17 E-Commerce or Internet Marketing: A Business Review from Indian Context D. K. Gangeshwer Department of Mathematics, Bhilai Institute of Technology (BIT), Durg, (C.G), INDIA dgangeshwar@yahoo.co.in Abstract This paper deals the conceptual knowledge of search engine marketing (SEM) or ecommerce, literature review, current and future aspects of e-commerce in Indian context. This paper discussed about the top motivator factors of shopping online. The present development would be a valuable addition to researcher and academicians; and useful theory for practitioners, advertisers, and entrepreneurs. Keywords: SEM, Online Marketing or E-commerce, Pay-per-click (PPC) 1. Introduction Khan and Mahapatra (2009) remarked that technology plays a vital role in improving the quality of services provided by the business units. One of the technologies which really brought information revolution in the society is Internet Technology and is rightly regarded as the third wave of revolution after agricultural and industrial revolution. The cutting edge for business today is e-Commerce. The effects of e-commerce are already appearing in all areas of business, from customer service to new product design. It facilitates new types of information based business processes for reaching and interacting with customers like online advertising...
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...Ecommerce of Bangladesh Ecommerce Ecommerce refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems through Internet and other computer networks. The most popular medium in which e-Commerce is conducted is the internet. It combines a range of process such as: Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Electronic mail (E-mail) World Wide Web (WWW) Internet Applications Network Applications It does not include transactions over telephone, fax or any payments made online for transactions whose terms were negotiated offline or by physical means. Some common applications related to electronic commerce are the following: Email Enterprise content management Instant messaging Newsgroups Online shopping and order tracking Online banking Online office suites Domestic and international payment systems Shopping cart software Teleconferencing Electronic tickets Why e-Commerce for Bangladesh With the increasing diffusion of ICTs, more specifically the Internet, the global business community is rapidly moving towards Business-to-Business (B2B) e-Commerce. The buyers/ importers gain a clear advantage when the Internet gives them access to the global market, by which they can compare prices across regions, find out whether prices vary by order fragmentation, get awareness about substitute/ alternative products. Consequently, the sellers/ exporters make sure that they are well portrayed in the cyber world through websites and portals...
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...Internal and External Factors Brooke Ellington October 13, 2013 University of Phoenix XMGT/230 Sam Walton opened the first Wal-Mart store in Arkansas on July 2, 1962, (Carson, 1999-2013). The vision of Sam Walton for his store Wal-Mart was to provide lower prices and to reflect on the values of the community and the customer. Consumers remember Wal-Mart for its motto "customer satisfaction" and “guaranteed lower prices." Wal-Mart offers employee training for everyone in the store from the greeters to the managers to ensure excellent customer skills and to instill Sam Walton's philosophy in the consumers mind. Wal-Mart's growth leads to the company becoming incorporated in 1969 that has led to stores opening in the nation and globally. Celebrating 50 years of helping communities and customers, Wal-Mart has more than 10,000 stores in at least 27 countries (History Timeline, 2012). Sam Walton has proven successful management using the four functions of management to grow his business. The four functions include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Wal-Mart's success in various levels of management has led to multidivisional structures. Wal-Mart has 13 divisions of strategic management that offers traditional functional areas and geographic areas in the retail operation. The purpose of this paper is to explain how internal and external factors affect the four functions of management in the Wal-Mart Corporation. For any organization to survive, irrespective of...
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...Globalization and PPQ Parts Global Marketing Unit 1 IP Abstract Multinational companies may encounter many obstacles when attempting to operate business from foreign locations. Globalization managers and decision makers may develop strategies in order to make transition happen smoothly. This paper discusses some pros and cons that are included in the process. Introduction Companies should thoroughly research their desired location for doing business. Searching for indicators such as high economic status will increase chances of the company doing well in that location (AIU Media). Inasmuch the customs and laws of the country should be integrated into all projects of success. Some of the issues the host foreign country could face as a result of the expansion are mist trust from its colleagues within their country, outcry from native business owners and problems with governance ,as it relates to being receptive of the origin of concepts and or/operations that are to be introduced to their country.. Some FDI also believe that their original business sites will loose capital as a result, of venturing to another country (Lipsey). Inasmuch companies who wish to expand must be concerned with and resolve all of the matters which counteract production and globalization of markets as those are the main concerns (AIU Media) Host countries also generally pay higher wages to foreign companies in contrast to those at their home location. At times this...
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...Amazon.com was set up in 1994 and was open to the public in July 1995. Being one of the first ecommerce portals, it practically invented the online distribution model. Although Jeff Bezos never owned any physical shop, he intended to compete with established players like Barnes & Nobles. Amazon was a start-up on one hand and Barnes & Nobles was a century old store chain headquartered in 5th Avenue in New York. They are a book retail store giant and are in business for over 100 years, with a huge amount of capital at its disposal. Amazon followed a model where its tries to charge the lowest possible price for any particular product, unlike many, who try to charge the highest possible price. Being a new online only store back in 1995, when the internet was not mature and the whole concept of online shopping was new, it was important for them to make it an attractive option, given that for most customers, it would be hard for them to put their trust in it, having to pay first and get the product later. Amazon, originally an online bookstore, later diversified into selling other items. Being a fresh start-up company, it did not have a brand image to maintain which stores like Barnes & Nobles or Borders had to deal with. Today amazon sells almost everything except for perhaps military supplies making it a one stop destination for online shoppers. The majority of the sales are still generated from the Books, CD/DVD and videos. One of the key factors which have propelled...
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...Walmart E-Commerce Prepared by: Ahmed Abdel Moneim Kamal Walmart E-commerce Arab Academy for Science & Technology Ahmed Kamal Contents Introduction to Walmart ............................................................................................................................... 3 Criticism of Walmart ................................................................................................................................. 3 Walmart VS Amazon ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Wal-Mart.com become the dominant e-tailer in the world, replacing Amazon or vice versa ..................... 6 Shopping aids offered at walmart.com Compared to those at amazon.com ............................................... 7 Online services can be purchased at walmart.com ...................................................................................... 7 Buying a song from walmart.com versus buying it from Apple’s iTunes ...................................................... 8 Common features and unique features of online marketing in walmart.com, target.com, marksandspencer.com, and sears.com ........................................................................................................ 8 The options for international customers on the Wal-Mart Web site ........................................................... 9 References ..................................
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...Management Information Systems for Tourism Hospitality Organisation Using Management Information Systems for Tourism Hospitality Organisation CONTENTS Introduction to the Project 2 Introduction to McDonald 3 Role of MIS within Tourism and Hospitality context 4 Importance of Management Information System for Hospitality and Tourism Industry 6 Use of IT System in an Organization to attain Competitive Advantage 7 Type of Database and Data warehousing in Tourism and Hospitality 9 Use of E-Commerce and MIS in the Industry 11 System Design Requirements of Tourism and Hospitality Business 14 Use of IT to Support Customer Relation Management 16 Role of Enterprise Resource Planning in Tourism and Hospitality 18 IT Security Issues within the Tourism and Hospitality Industry 20 Ethical and Privacy Issues on Use and Storage of Data. ...
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...competitive business environment. Information systems can help companies extend their business range to far-away locations, offer new products and services, reform organization structure and work flows, and perhaps significantly change the way they operate business. You are required to do a research and write a white paper on “Information Systems – driver of change in business process and practices”. In your paper you can discuss the following. 1. Brief overview of business information systems, and explain the relationship between businesses and IT. 2. Explain the necessity of information systems and technology as drivers of change in process and practice. 3. Issues and potential solutions associated with the information technology (globalization, ecommerce, E-enablement etc.) Page 1 of 2 The outline should as...
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