...CRAWFORD UNIVERSITY, IGBESA, OGUN STATE PGD ACCOUNTING ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT “A SYSTEM FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN THE CONCEPTUAL PHASE” BY ADENUGA OLUFEMI SOLOMON MATRIC NO: PG14/05/005 JUNE 2015 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INVESTMEST “A SYSTEM FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN THE CONCEPUTAL PHASE” ABSTRACT The conceptual phase of capital projects is of strategic importance – an economic evaluation at this early stage is critical to the owners’ decision-making with limited information. The current study developed a comprehensive but practical system that can be used in such an early phase for economic evaluation of capital building construction projects. The system integrates four analytical steps: (i) Project planning, (ii) Construction costs estimation, (iii) Projection of incomes and expenditures and; (iv) Economic evaluation. Due to the integration, the system effectively manages the information flow from the planning to the evaluation, in which any changes from the initial plan are fully accounted for multiple alternates. In the system, users predict construction cost using a combined estimating method with historical project data and assembly costs. The system performs the tabulation of all incomes and expenditures based on the automated calculation as well as users’ inputs and then the economic evaluation based on project cash flow, which is generated using an automated scheduling method. System performance has been...
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...influencing the emergence of the curriculum, models of curriculum design and the implication of curriculum evaluation. 1.1 Concept of curriculum There is no single definition of the curriculum .The most common definition of curriculum that most teachers give is that it is a syllabus or a program of study but this is an erroneous definition. For Taba (1962), it is a ‘plan for learning’, while Lawton describes the curriculum as “a selection from the culture of a society” (Lawton, 1975, p6). It has also been described as “a social and political construct that changes over time in response to a range of factors and influences” (Mc Cullock, 1992, p9). Hence, the term curriculum means different things for different people. While it is obvious that the curriculum is not neutral, its content and how it is transmitted depends on the kinds of interaction between curriculum developers, teachers and students. Stated differently, curricula emerges depending on the various ways curriculum developers, teachers and students interact with each other. In this essay, I will outline the internal and external factors that shape the interaction between the official curriculum, what is taught in secondary schools and learning that takes place in classrooms. Internal factors include the influences of philosophy, psychology and sociology, whereas external factors include the social, economic and political aspects that shape curriculum design. Two curriculum models, namely the rational and the dynamic...
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...Student Economic Review, Vol. 17, 2003, pp. 153-165 JAPAN IN THE DOLDRUMS: A STUDY OF DEFLATION AND RECESSION DANIEL J.C. BAKER Senior Freshman Japan's dream deflates Interest rates and Keiretsu Dan Baker blames you Introduction This essay examines the performance of the Japanese economy over the period 1985 to 2002 with reference to key economic variables, such as GDP growth, price stability performance, employment, and the public debt to GDP ratio, etc. We focus on the path the economy has taken since the bursting of the “bubble economy” early in 1990, and in particular on the phenomenon of deflation, which appeared as a persistent problem towards the end of the 1990s. This paper will investigate the underlying causes of recession and deflation in Japan, and examine the main problems associated with the latter. Finally, a number of policy solutions will be suggested to combat the deflationary pressures in Japan, and more generally, to help stimulate economic growth. What’s wrong with Japan? Before the bubble burst - Japan as Number One During the 1980s it was a popularly held belief that Japan was rapidly and inexorably catching up on America as the world’s number one economy. From a state of near-complete devastation at the end of World War II, Japan had transformed itself into a global economic powerhouse second only to America in terms of productive output, and unequalled in terms of growth1. Not surprisingly, Japan was considered by many to be the model economy...
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...Project Cycle The project cycle has six stages, each stage links with the preceding one and leads forward to the next one. PCM integrates the stages of the cycle so that issues are examined systematically. This system makes the project concept and context in which it operates clear and visible and therefore enables better monitoring and evaluation. The stages of the project cycle provide a structure that ensures that: • problem analysis is thorough • stakeholders are clearly identified and monitored • quality assurance is built in • objectives are relevant to problems and clearly stated • outputs and objectives are logical and measurable • beneficiaries' strengths and weaknesses have been identified • assumptions are taken into account • monitoring concentrates on verifiable targets and outputs • evaluations identify 'lessons learnt' and integrates them into the cycle for similar succeeding projects • sustainability is defined, not essentially by 'organizational continuity', but primarily by the continuous 'flow of benefits' Project Cycle Management Stages 1. Programme: • review of local social and economic conditions • review of relevant local and central government policies and initiatives • community strategy undertaken and project criteria developed 2. Identification: • definition of a project problem • stakeholder analysis • problem and objective assessment • strategy options explored and decided • quality assurance undertaken...
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...interactional justice Pachsiry Chompukum Chulalongkorn University Abstract Businesses are facing up to high competitive pressure, especially banking industry. After 1997 crisis, banking industry meet more challenges from new financial landscape. Aiming to improve organizational performance, they have been adopting management tools, namely performance management. To enhance impacts of performance management, it is important to understand employees’ perceived performance management effective since the process requires high involvement and commitment from employees. Data were collected from 476 employees in the four largest banks in Thailand. Results from structural equations analyses support hypothesized model that attitudes towards performance evaluation directly relate to perceived performance management effectiveness and interactional justice mediates the coaching- perceived performance management effectiveness. Discussion, limitation and future research are included. Keywords: Banking industry in Thailand, Banking industry and performance management, Effectiveness and performance management, Interactional justice, Performance Management. . This research was supported by Chulalongkorn University Centenary Academic Development Project. Performance management, Page 1 Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies INTRODUCTION The increasingly competitive environment of the 1980s, which continued throughout the recessionary 1990s still remains a dominant factor today...
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...influencing its development Diversity of venues: venues eg conference centres, specific conference and banqueting facilities within hotels, multi-functional leisure centres Nature of the industry: size and worth of the industry; types of event Development of the industry: socio-cultural; economic; political; technological; environmental; legal LO2 Understand the key strategic and operational issues involved in the effective management of conference and banqueting events Administrative procedures: function sheets; booking diary; the contract; pricing and packaging; discounting initiatives; space utilisation Financial, legal consideration and marketing consideration: licensing law implications, health and safety legislation eg Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASW); hygiene regulations; product placement, targeting and selling; required profit margins Function etiquette and protocol: religious and cultural guidelines, protocol appropriate to different occasions, weddings, formal dinners, room design, seating plans, role of master of ceremonies Performance and quality: evaluation and review techniques, client and guest evaluation procedures, venue appraisal, profit realisation, closed loop evaluation methods LO3 Understand food production and service systems Food production systems: types eg cook-freeze, cook-chill, vacuum packaging, pre-prepared, sous-vide, traditional partie system, modern partie system Food production styles: styles eg banquet, buffet presentation (finger...
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...Seminar in Program Development & Evaluation Steps of Planning Model for Program Development: 1. mission statement – general idea or main purpose of program 2. assessment & evaluation – inventory of internal assessment, resources and review of policy & regulations 3. needs assessment – involves both perceived & real needs 4. determine & set priorities 5. writing goals & objectives – objectives involve: a. who? b. to what extent? c. under what conditions? d. by what standards? e. within what time period? 6. step-by-step activities & procedures – pilot projects & consideration of other internal & external threats 7. develop timeline chart 8. implementation of the project 9. evaluation & feedback 1. Mission Statement – a statement by an organization that contains detailed info. about the overall direction & purpose of the organization a. usually based on a general observation, an obvious need, seen need or interest, or need assessment result b. it’s an administrative statement that guides planning & decision-making c. not restricted by time elements d. philosophy of an organization e. identification of the self-concept of the organizational program f. identification of general service catchment areas & target populations and markets to be served g. define terms & shared definition of problem of target population 2. Assessment & Evaluation – an inventory of resources and review of policy...
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...Assessment of Student learning 1 Submitted by: Joana Mae L. Gammad BSEd-Bio.Scie 3A Submitted to: Carmelito D. Pang, Ed.D. PROFESSOR VI 1. PERFORMANCE-BASED ASSESSMENT. In the act of learning, people obtain content knowledge, acquire skills, and develop work habits—and practice the application of all three to “real world” situations. Performance-based learning and assessment represent a set of strategies for the acquisition and application of knowledge, skills, and work habits through the performance of tasks that are meaningful and engaging to students. Performance assessment uses tasks that require students to demonstrate their knowledge, skills, and strategies by creating a response or a product (Rudner & Boston, 1994; Wiggins, 1989) Performance assessment taps into students’ higher-order thinking skills, such as evaluating the reliability of sources of information, synthesizing information to draw conclusions, or using deductive/inductive reasoning to solve a problem. Performance assessment typically is evaluated using rubrics. 2. ACHIEVABLE- If it is achievable, it can be done. When setting goals for yourself it is critical that you honestly assess whether or not they are achievable, otherwise you are doomed to failure. If you achieve something, it must have been achievable. Things that are considered achievements usually require some dedication, skill, perseverance or intelligence. Things that may or may not be achievable, or possible, include...
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...Speaker Notes Slide 1: Introduction: Today we will be addressing the advantages of implementing an employee performance evaluation program and look at the advantages to the company from its use. We will also be talking about succession planning which aligns itself neatly with the evaluation program. Often Employee evaluations are seen as something burdensome by managers and useless or unfair by the direct reports who have been evaluated. Today we will address some of these concerns and look specifically at: benefits of employee evaluations, pre-appraisal activities/benefits, proper delivery of appraisal results, using evaluations to build value for the company, follow up process and furthering employees’ career goals, what models are being used, and team performance vs. individual performance. The latter portion of today’s presentation will be about the career succession planning process, and like the evaluation system, how this helps both the employee and the company. Slide 2: What are the positive results from a well prepared and well delivered appraisal? If anyone has had the occasion to be evaluated by a supervisor in the work place I would ask you to dwell for a moment on how the message was delivered. All too often in my personal experience I was left wanting after the evaluation process was finished. I have also been asked to write my own appraisals of my performance because my manager was too busy or uninterested in providing feedback of my performance. This...
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...COMMUNICATION AND EVALUATION IN PLANNING I. COMMUNICATION IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING INTRODUCTION Educational planning is as old as state education, that is, much older than economic planning. Until comparatively recent times, however, educational planning was haphazard rather than deliberate, a matter for local rather than central government, concern with individual educational systems, and no effort was ever made to state the objectives that planning was supposed to satisfy. The Second World War change all that: the post-war explosion in the demand for education, the new interest in central economic planning, the obsession in growth rates with both developed and developing countries combined to promote a new attitude to the administration of education. Educational planning by the State with the purpose of promoting economic objectives is now as universally approved as economic planning itself. Consider the curious predicament of an educational planner who consults the fast-growing literature on the economics of education for guidance in making policy decisions. On the one hand, he is told to gear the expansion of the educational system to quantitative forecast of the demand for highly-qualified manpower. On the other hand, he is urged to project what id quaintly called. I.I GENERAL PRINCIPLES The issue of communication has been a subject of interest and curiosity ever since the beginnings of human society. It took centuries to explore the working...
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...THE EFFECTS OF FRONTLINERS SERVICE ORIENTATION BEHAVIOURS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY CAVITE ON CUSTOMERS’ SERVICE EVALUATION: AN ASSESSMENT A Thesis Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Philippine Christian University Dasmariñas, Cavite In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree in Masters In Business Administration MOJICA, KRISHA MAY S. March 2015 APPROVAL SHEET The thesis entitled “THE EFFECTS OF FRONTLINERS SERVICE ORIENTATION BEHAVIOURS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY CAVITE ON CUSTOMERS’ SERVICE EVALUATION: AN ASSESSMENT” is prepared and submitted by Mojica, Krisha May S. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration who has been examines and recommended for Oral examination. ___________________ ___________________ Date O’Land C. Nwoke Adviser PANEL OF EXAMINERS Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of _________________. ___________________ Chairman ___________________ _________________ Member Member Comprehensive Examination Grade __________ Date Taken _____________ Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Master in Business Administration (MBA). __________________ _________________________ Date Dr. Teresita C. Arnaldo Dean, Graduate School ...
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... • The term paper will be executed & submitted by students in groups. (Maximum four students in each group) • The students are to form groups of four and decide the sector of study / company of interest within two weeks of the start of the semester. • A Faculty Mentor will be assigned to each group of students undertaking a Team Paper. • Special Time slot to conduct the research will be included in the timetable. • The Mentor will conduct weekly sessions to guide & follow up the students as well as to clarify any queries or problem faced by the students. • Weekly review of the Work in Progress will be maintained by Faculty Mentor & will carry 20% weightage during the final evaluation. • This will be substantiated through a proper economic diary maintained by the students documenting their daily objectives, plan of action, activities undertaken, documentation of reading & referencing material, analysis (if any) & learning outcomes. • Students may use innovative tools & techniques to maintain this diary such as e-concepts, online...
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...records show double deposit (2x deposited to same employee b. Question No. 4 MEMORANDUM Date : November 13, 2013 To : From : Fraser, Leung, and Gill Re : Audit of Production As requested at our meeting last Wednesday, I have identified key areas to be reviewed, general audit criteria, and a general audit approach for this audit. Once you have reviewed these points, I will prepare a formal audit program. Key areas to be reviewed In reviewing the production activities, the audit should assess the adequacy of systems and practices used for the following activities: • Strategic positioning and evaluation Assessing overall production strategy on the importance of production in terms of total product costs and potential contributions to profitability of individual product lines. Analyzing the corporate environment for economic conditions, market, and products evolution, higher potential volumes, rapidly emerging technologies, and competition. Systems and practices in collaborating with marketing, sales, purchasing, suppliers, and customers to challenge the relevance of current production...
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...Goodwill Impairment – FASC Section 350 a. What is Step 1 in the two step process for evaluating goodwill? The first step of the goodwill evaluation process compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill (350-20-35-4). b. What is Step 2 in the two step process for evaluating goodwill? The second step of the goodwill evaluation process compares the implied fair value of reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill (350-20-35-9). c. Can the fair value of goodwill be measured directly? The fair value of goodwill can be measured only as a residual and cannot be measured directly (350-20-35-2). d. What factor(s) allow an entity to skip the “two step” process? If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances such as those described in 350-20-35-3C, an entity determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the first and second steps of the goodwill impairment test are unnecessary (350-20-35-3D). e. When should an interim test be performed? If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is zero or negative, goodwill of that reporting unit shall be tested for impairment on an annual or interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances exist that indicate that it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists (350-20-35-30). f. List some example impairment indicators. a. A significant decrease in...
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...Program Planning and Evaluation Paper Holly Regan HSM/270 May 25, 2014 Fedder Williams Program Planning and Evaluation Paper In comparison, each of the two components; program planning and program evaluation are related in the way that each is a theory based and goal-oriented activity. A program is a permanent and inseparable element of the planning process intended to achieve specific future goals. The methodical, yet necessary process of planning is important in designing programs to become an effective and efficient tool for human service organizations in conjunction with a systematic approach to descriptive research for meeting each presented goal. Descriptive research is designed to service clients, describe program characteristics, and other elements. It describes the use of facilities, community resources and other resources as well. It is also designed to study the relationship of association among various factors or variables and take into account the solicited views of a social issue or problem in program or policy design/planning process. Descriptive research provides a description of an observable fact or event or the relationships between two or more observable facts or events. Assessments vary categorically, but they can assess nearly everything and to the nth degree. Social programs are no different as assessments are utilized to produce data that is crucial for programs turning negative outcomes into positive outcomes. An assessment of needs plays...
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