...be defined as ‘a financial market of a developing country, usually a small market with a short operating history’ (InvestorWords.com, no date). For example, BRICs, such as Brazil, Russia, China, and India are common thoughts of emerging countries. These countries have improved rapidly in terms of GDP, trade and so on. This essay will introduce the four main characteristics of emerging markets. To expand the worldwide market Magnus (2010, cited in Beausang, 2012, p.3) suggests that the GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP), which puts an importance on the related cost of living, is a proper method to explain BRICs’ contribution to the global economy. He implies that when GDP in US dollars is used as comparisons with emerging and advanced countries, it would be invalid because it is included some problematic points like exchange-rate in each country. According to the research by IMF (2001 cited in Beausang, 2012, p.3), GDP in 2001 in terms of PPP, America gave at 22 % of the whole, while BRICs were slightly smaller at 21.4%. However, ten years later, IMF (2011 cited in Beausang, 2012, p.4) showed the GDP in BRICs, at 25 %, had overtaken the GDP in America. It could be said that the BRICs’ contributions have made a large to the world GDP. They might play an important role in keeping the growth of the worldwide GDP. Why have emerging countries such as BRICs grown? These countries have started to reform their systems, like restrictions on foreign imports, to invite foreign...
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...Economy of Inequality Drivers of Inequality: socio-economic mechanisms Admin • Major Essay Guidelines in UoS pages 5-6 due Monday May 11th 40% of your total mark for ecop 2616 Submit on time. 2000 words maximum. Penalty for longer essays Prepare carefully What is required? • Critical review of the content of the book, not the author! • Locate the ‘field data’ (your book) within the conceptual, historical and empirical material covered in the course material. • Book summaries receive zero marks. Intro: (1) Short précis of the book. ‘This book covers….” (2) outline the specific issues/concerns that your essay will address; (3) identify the theoretical, conceptual, historical or empirical frameworks covered in the course material that you will use to interpret and critically evaluate the dynamics of inequality highlighted in your book. Body: • a coherent and well organised discussion of the issues you have elected to focus on. • Your argument must be substantiated in a proper academic manner. Use sub-headings if they help organise your ideas. Conclusion: • summary of your argument and any outstanding issues. Where are we up to? • Weeks 1-3: theoretical questions • Weeks 5-7: historical and contemporary patterns of distribution • Weeks 8-11: causal mechanisms • Weeks 12-13: alternatives and conclusion. The cumulative character of inequality • Consequences of inequality often become causes of inequality. - eg labour...
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...Income inequality is one of the big issues in 21st century. Unequal distribution of income in society is considered to be an obstacle to economic growth. The income allocation of a country’s population can be measured by a Gini coefficient. The value of Gini coefficient can be between 0 and 1 and used to define the income gap between the rich and the poor. The value 0 shows perfect equality and value 1 illustrates perfect inequality. The US can be an example of country with high income inequality. The US Gini coefficient has risen by 20% between 1979 and 2010 (Frizell, 2014). Factors like family structure (i.e. how many earners are there in family), technology (i.e. changes the way that we live), and immigration (i.e. changes the supply of...
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...Los Angeles: A critical essay looking into increasing inequality and its root causes in the metropolitan area across the last 50 years Los Angeles is one of the most economically developed cities in the world and it represents a beacon of technological advancement, social progression and equal opportunity for people all around the world. Los Angeles (L.A.) was recently ranked 9th on the Global Economic Power Index (Florida, 2012) and 20th on the Global Power City Index that included criteria such as “livability”, “cultural interaction”, “environment” and “accessibility” (Institute for Urban Strategies, 2014). These ideas may ring true for some; however there are many who live within the city limits that experience a very different reality. In the last 20 years there has been an increasing amount of academic literature examining rising economic, social, political and underlying racial inequality within L.A. This essay will attempt to evaluate this literature so as to examine what inequalities are occurring and identify possible causes underlying them. For future reference within this essay, I am going to be looking at L.A. as the Greater Los Angeles Area, which includes the city of L.A. and other interconnected urban areas so as to avoid confusion on where possible boundaries are drawn and also to have a greater area from which to draw comparison from. Socio-Economic History Leading to Contemporary Inequality The situation Los Angeles is currently in can be attributed...
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...–Plutarch. Inequality has been a problem for a long time, and every country has some form of inequality. It can be economic, social, and gender. Inequality is an issue, but there need to be poor for there to be rich. The problem is the gap between the rich and the poor. The distribution of wealth is too uneven. The main purpose of this essay is to address the question that many people are asking themselves: is inequality a consequence of too much or too little government intervention. The government intervenes in the economy in four ways. First, it produces public goods and services, such as education, infrastructure, national defense, and health care....
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...Worldview Analysis Essay Alton Dawson Liberty University Worldview Analysis Essay This essay will examine the world view analysis and prospective on race and racism. Race over the last century has evolved as a worldview, the body of prejudgments and of human differences and group behaviors that has distorted our way of thinking about the issues of race and race relations. Racism begins as myths or beliefs about diversity of human species and the abilities and behaviors of placing these people into homogenized categories. Race has always been a pervasive component of thoughts and experiences shared by Americans and the rest of the world. (Fredrickson, 2005). It has been intrinsic of how Americans and the rest of the world see and try to find explanations the overall functioning of the world, while the meaning or reality of racism has not been explained. The issue of race throughout the United States and the world has been used as placing a classification of social identity that has effected how we were influenced by others through interactions. Race can be determined as being a part of the so called “ natural order “ of things that we as humans think as mere variations ( physical ) often used as evidence of the human existence , that is justified in the mistreatment of the human family. Race and racism in the United States and the world is about inequality of worth and status. Racism is the ideas that are based on human inequality due to differences that becomes phenotypic...
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...immunities granted as a particular benefit or favor for being White Racial profiling any arbitrary police-initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or natural origin rather than a person’s behavior Racism The belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race Reverse discrimination actions that cause better-qualified White men to be passed over for women and minority men Part II Complete the following using the MySocLab Social Explorer Map: Income Inequality by Race located on your student website: · Select 1 racial group from the list below: o African American o Asian American o Arab American o Hispanic American/Latino o White/Caucasian · Write a 250- to 350-word summary of the economic, social, and political standings of that group. Use additional resources if necessary, from the University Library or your textbooks. Even though all Americans have experiences hardship since the economic slowdown, African Americans have suffered greatly from this situation. The average income of African Americans has declined by 1.3 percent since 2000. Along with the decrease in income, the unemployment rate of African Americans has increased. African Americans also have higher rates of poverty and slower growing rates of employment than other minority groups. The political standing of African Americans is very interesting. This minority group tends to support the Democratic Party and its candidates. African...
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...Social Issues Position Paper Racial and Ethnic Inequality Amongst Blacks : A Economic Problem of Society Tameekah Myers SOC 1000-Comtemporary Social Issues Thesis Statement In this essay one will come to a better understanding of racial and ethnic inequality and why it exists. It is evident that Inequality amongst certain races is evident however it also linked to a variety of perspectives that account for the continuation of racial, ethnic discrimination and inequality. Inequality amongst Races and Ethnicity ▪ What is race and ethnicity? ▪ Should race exist ▪ Inequality among races Racism against African Americans ▪ Slavery ▪ Racial Profiling ▪ Stereotypes ▪ Causes and Effects of Racism Social status and race inequality ▪ Social/Racial classification ▪ Education inequality ▪ Labor/income Inequality Laws and Policies ▪ Affirmative action policies ▪ Equal Opportunity Policy ▪ Civil Right Act The social stance of American Minorities Now ▪ African Americans Conclusion In this essay one will come to a better understanding of racial and ethnic inequality and why it exists. It is evident that inequality amongst certain races is evident; however, it also linked to a variety of perspectives that account for the continuation of racial, ethnic discrimination and inequality. The story of race is intricate and may challenge how we think about human differences and race as...
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...town with the Italian city (see maps 1 and 2 on the anexus). Over time, Spain took away most of the mineral richness of Venezuela, installing kingdoms and creating small cities around the mainland. However, not all that Spaniards left in the Latin American countries were poverty, inequality and corruption. The Iberic Empire brought a whole knowledge in economy, religion, education, culture and industrialization. In this essay I would like to explain the economics systems in Spain as well as Venezuela and their neighbors of Latin America. How was Venezuela’s society build? Which are the differences between Spain and Venezuela in the economy field? Before the colonization, different types of tribes like Caribes, Yanomamis, Wayuus, Caracas, etc populated Venezuela. They had a rudimentary economy based on trades: each family was in charged of the collecting of a different type of plants, fruits or animals. Each item had a value in references with the rest of them, for example a watermelon had the same value as ten limes. Primitivism was all over the place, starting on the language passing through alimentation and finishing on the medical attention. With the arrival of the Spaniards, all this economic system went away as well as the culture,...
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...Sylvanus Bockarie English 102 Essay 4 Kinghon, Kevin A Capitalism in United States What Kind of Capitalism does Americans want? First of all, I am going to show a quick overview of the unfolding of capitalism since the Great Depression, which I believe is vital in order to understand the capitalism that exists in the United States today and some of the problems to it. Then I will look at four different complex areas of free market capitalism in America compared with the Scandinavian government control capitalism. I will then talk about what kind of capitalism we want: We being different interest groups, such as the shareholders, the C.E.O.'s, the average worker and the poor. Finally I will talk about what values might be at stake in capitalism. In the United States, the 1930s Great Depression threatened to knock out the capitalism that had been gradually developing for the past 400 years and this led to abandoning the laissez faire capitalism and instead embracing the New Deal concept of government managed capitalism in order to control money supply and government expenditure, and in order to limit the increasing gap of inequality of income. The 1950s and 1960s were decades of equality, but the energy crises of the 1970s forced the government to kick start the economy imposing new taxation benefiting the rich and once again causing widening inequality. Today, capitalism is the most important economic system of the Western world, in its however various forms: In the...
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...product of economic globalization, has swept the world in the past few years. As an investment mode of FDI, greenfield investment refers to a kind of strategy that the multinational enterprises(MNEs) start new firms by constructing facilities in the host countries from the ground up (Wang & Wong, 2009). It flows to the host countries and becomes their primary source of external financing (Calderón, Loayza & Servén, 2004). Various types of incentives such as prospective tax-breaks, preferential loans and subsidies were given by the host governments in order to encourage more greenfield investments from the foreign countries (Blomström, Kokko & Mucchielli, 2003). However, the attitude towards greenfield investment has changed during the past few decades when some studies, as discussed later, found a series of problems followed by this investment mode and some scholars begin to hold a negative opinion towards greenfield investment. Whether the host countries should encourage MNEs entering via greenfield investment is remain unsolved. This essay will argue that, although greenfield investment may damage the profit of host countries, it should be promoted owing to the considerable benefits produced by this investment activity. The first part of this essay will analyze some problems partly mentioned by several researchers that should be imputed to greenfield investment. The second part will focus on some benefits summarize from the existed literature. This essay is different...
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...What is the ‘Georgian worldview’ and how has this concept influenced the archaeology of eighteenth-century North America? The ‘Georgian worldview’ is a theory that uses a study of cultural development to determine the thoughts of the eighteenth-century North Americans. It was initiated by James Deetz in his first edition of In Small Things Forgotten (1977). The term encapsulates Deetz’s structuralism-based idea that the evident alteration within English material culture and landscape design was more than a change in style, but a universal change in human consciousness—from medieval to modern—and this extended across the Atlantic despite the colony’s increasing political distance from the homeland (Deetz, 1996: 62-63; 2003: 221). Deetz believed that shared artefact form reflected shared thought (2003: 220). The theory has enabled historical archaeologists to recognise a distinctive shift in many areas of material culture which subsequently encouraged a succession of scholars to further this idea by posing key questions: why did the worldview develop, where else was a Georgian worldview visible, how did it present itself in areas outside New England? In the quest for answers to these questions, archaeologists have developed the concept which accordingly shaped interpretations of the material discoveries of eighteenth-century North America. Deetz’s model for the cultural development of New England illustrates that following an interval (1660-1760) of limited English...
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...English essay Question: is gender equality ever possible? Question analyze: key words are gender equality, ever, possible. Gender equality is defined as men and women have same rights. Ever is an absolute term. First mean point: it is possible as there are obvious improvement in social area today compare to the past. However, there are improvements does not mean that gender inequality can be totally eliminated. (India gender parity index has improved from 0.464 in 1975 to 0.918 in 2010. ) Second mean point: gender equality is possible as there are measures to protect woman’s rights. However, this is only for those developed country, for those third world countries the sexism still exists, and it is hard to solve due to economic and political problems. Third mean point: the low education level of female in some part of the world make a vicious cycle, thus women unable to gain their rights. (87% of Afghan are illiterate, in India 44.5% of girls are married before the age of 18.) Fourth mean point: it is impossible to eliminate the gender discrimination as it against some races’ religion and culture. (in Africa people believe only women undergoes genital mutilation is pure, and those who does not are less value. In Malaysia, due to their religion, women have to respect their husband and cover most of their bodies. ) Fifth mean point: it is impossible as men and women are born different physically. Women have to give birth to child. In conclusion, gender equality...
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...The main reasons for this growing demand would be Kennedys motivation and idealism and also the discrimination and oppression which many groups, minorities in particular faced. The main groups which I am going to explore in this essay are the African-Americans, students, gay people, students, and women, all of which wanted to live their life freely and equal. In both source 5 and 6 there is evidence to prove why demand for freedom increased but also with my own research I have found out about a number of events and organizations which show the extent of growing demand. Kennedy’s motivation and idealism inspired and motivated many young people and groups to adopt this new way of thinking. In source 6 a “fighting spirit” is mentioned and in source 5 we see the “sisters unite in their struggle”. Both of these express a strong feeling and bravery which led to the fight and the growing demand for freedom. Students in particular wanted to change the systems politically and socially as well as wanting to liberate the minorities for example the African-Americans, this idea of idealism isn’t really expressed fully in the sources. One of the reason for the growing demand for personal freedom shown in the sources is the inequality of the minority groups in America in Source five we see how women were...
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...The essay “Horatio Alger” by Harlon Dalton debates Alger’s idea of what it takes to make the American Dream a reality. Horatio Alger believes that success can be reached with “hard work, persistence and initiative.” Through his critical analysis of Alger’s pieces, Dalton explores Alger’s myth through social realities, like discrimination based on race and current economic standing. Taking “The Lesson” by Toni Cade Bambara into consideration, Dalton would praise Miss Moore’s teachings and tell Sylvia and her friends that they mustn’t listen to the classic “rags to riches” myths of most stories. In “Horatio Alger” by Dalton, Dalton argues that the myth of commercial success is not only false but socially destructive. Alger’s first claim is that “each of us is judged solely on his/her own merits.” Dalton proceeds to counter argue that this is only true when it pertains to white people. Dalton further believes that Alger’s formula for success is too optimistic and blind to the social and racial caste system of the world. When black people are only compared to people of the same race they cannot be held to the same standard as white people, which is true for other races as well. Stereotypes give society a basic conception of each race that is not based solely on their worth but on their position on the social scale and the color of their skin. This myth gives society the wrong expectation of each race and causes them to believe that certain races possess quality traits that others...
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