...ECONOMIC SANCTIONS Introduction This essay main is to conduct a critically, and logically analyze of both the economic and ethical consequences that emanate from imposed economic sanctions. The first section of the essay will also deeply appreciate on the definition of an economic sanction and also clearly and logically evaluate whether it is a good strategy to make the other nations honor and respect their demands. This is mostly with an aim to avoid any form of generalization that is done by most people who assume it’s a good practice and also a form of defensive mechanism to coerce the other nation consider on its ultimatums by delivering and basing my argument on a critical analysis point of view. The second paragraph will mainly constitute and analyze the effects of an imposed economic sanction as well as it’s political, ethical, and economic impact on the nations involved. On the conclusion bit, I will give an opinion putting into consideration both the positive and the negative effects of the economic sanctions and also assess on their viability and applicability. Main body Ethics or morality, rather than being general, are highly diversified according to different times, spaces, and groups. As Nardin argued, “ethics involves principles, but it also involves the interpretation and application of these principles by particular persons in particular circumstances” (1992: 2). Economic sanctions are a form of domestic fines and even penalties that are imposed...
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...Economic Sanctions As a Policy Instrument Author(s): James Barber Source: International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 55, No. 3 (Jul., 1979), pp. 367-384 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Royal Institute of International Affairs Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2615145 . Accessed: 13/04/2013 21:49 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Wiley and Royal Institute of International Affairs are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-). http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 129.93.5.133 on Sat, 13 Apr 2013 21:49:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ECONOMICSANCTIONSAS A POLICY INSTRUMENT CONOMIC sanctions economic directed political to are measures such objectives. arenormally They supplemented byother measures, as and or of theseverance restrictiondiplomatic cultural butunless ties; ' in ' refers to otherwise theuseoftheterm sanctions this...
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...Economic sanctions are a form of trade restrictions where the end goal is to achieve certain foreign policy objectives that usually go beyond normal trade and investment issues in order to tackle a variety of political and social issues.This is done by one country imposing a penalty on another country which usually is in the form of erecting trade barriers and/or limiting financial transactions, but is not limited to the above, and therefore can be anything that is designed to impair and disrupt another country and may lead to military intervention. (Gerber, pg.152) The categorization framework organizes the goals of the economic sanctions that have occurred since World War I into five groups in an attempt to analyze the success rate that economic sanctions have had on each of the five groups. With the recent Russian Annexation of Crimea, economic sanctions by the US and EU are categorized as disrupting a military advance which fits very well with what has actually occurred with the occupation of Crimea. Any one of the remaining four goals would be a poor fit as the goal of economic sanctions must appropriately align to the original policy objective identified, otherwise there will be a mismatch between the optimal level of sanctions imposed on the target country and the actual economic sanctions that are implemented which can have an undesired impact where sanctions can be too lenient, or not strong enough. This is supported by Hufbauer, Schott, Elliot, & Oegg (2007)...
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...The Sanctions Debate and the Logic of Choice David A. Baldwin debate over whether economic sanctions "work" is mired in a scholarly limbo. One writer contends that recent international relations scholarship has promoted optimism about the utility of such measures and sets out to challenge this trend} while another notes the pessimism that "pervades the sanctions literature" and proceeds to argue that it is unjustified. 2 A third scholar cites the sanctions literature as an example of fruitless academic debate with little policy relevance.3 Such divergent readings of the scholarly literature are often explained by differences in ideology or fundamentally different theoretical orientations. This does not seem to be the case with respect to the sanctions debate. Under appropriate circumstances, it is quite possible for liberals, neoliberals, realists, neorealists, or globalists to argue in favor of using economic sanctions. If the sanctions debate is bogged down, the explanation does not seem to lie in the essentially contested nature of the subject matter. A second potential explanation is that scholars are talking past one another because they ask different questions, use different concepts, and set the discussion in different analytical contexts. In short, they are talking about different things. This article explores the second explanation. The basic paradox at the heart of the sanctions debate is that policymakers continue to use sanctions with increasing...
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...Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation’s four pillars and how it is linked wage rate determination. The government of Zimbabwe in an attempt to accelerate economic growth and wealth creation postulated the Zim-Asset. Our country experienced a deteriorating economic and social social environment since 2000 which was caused by economic sanctions imposed by the western countries. These sanctions lead to a deep economic and social crisis which was characterized by high levels of inflation and low industrial capacity utilization that lead to an overall decline of the gross domestic product by a percentage of 50%in 2008. Zim-Asset was developed through consultative process which involve political leaders in the ruling ZANU PF, government, and private sector and other stakeholders. The main focus of it is on the full exploitation and value addition to the country’s own abundant resources with the vision “Towards an empowered society and a growing economy” and the mission “To provide an enabling environment for sustainable economic empowerment and social transformation to the people of Zimbabwe”. The government focuses on promoting equitable development and prosperity for all Zimbabweans whilst leveraging own resources and also ensure sustainable growth and development of the economy by, among other things engendering unity of purpose among the different stakeholders. The four pillars of the policy include the following: * Food security This will aid through...
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...| Essay, Custom Research Paper: Argumentative Essay on Child Labor Laws and Regulations | | | | Child labor occurs along a continuum, with harmful and exploitative work that endangers the welfare and potential of the child at one end of the spectrum and light work and often beneficial training and apprenticeship at the other. National and international labor standard regulations with respect to what constitutes a legally permissible minimum age of employment accordingly depend typically on a range of criteria including (a) the type of work, as distinguished by the degree of hazard a child faces, or whether the child is subject to exploitation, or the worst forms of child labor; (b) the sector of employment, whether in agriculture, manufacturing, or family businesses or the household; and (c) the degree to which child labor work interferes with schooling, depending on the number of hours a child is put to work, say, per week.Though child labor statistics inevitably paint an aggregate picture, the coverage of national and international statistics has improved, reflecting a diversity of activities that come under the umbrella of child labor work. International Labour Organization (ILO) statistics treat any child as economically active with performance of at least 1 hour of work during the week prior to asurvey. The ILO also defines a child laborer as synonymous with (a) an economically active person between the ages of 5 and 11, and (b) an individual between the ages of 12...
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...The economy seems to need a small miracle in September to avoid recession in the third quarter. The statistics agency reported that the summer holidays in some German states contributed to the downfall of both exports and imports, but the numbers still indicate dark scenario for Germany after sharp falls in orders and industrial production data released this week. Hours after the release of trade data, a group of important economic institutes joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and reduced forecasts for German growth. They now predict growth of 1.3% this year and 1.2% next, down from 1.9% and 2% previously. Data on the German trade balance also showed that the seasonally adjusted imports fell 1.3% in the month, against expectations in a Reuters poll of 1% increase. Germany's trade surplus reached € 17.5 billion, compared with € 22.2 billion in July. Another point important is about the Russian Sanction, this country that was one of the biggest importers from Germany. A possible solution for Germany could be the end of the sanction against...
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...Collusive Behavior in the Industrial Thread Industry Table of contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 2 2. The Thread Industry 2.1 Market Structure………………………………………………………………. 2 2.1 The Agreements ……………………………………………………………….. 3 3. Economic Impact on Competition 3.1 The Nature of a Carte………………………………………………………………… 4 3.2 Welfare analysis ……………………………………………………………………… 5 4. The European Commission`s decision 4.1. The decision…………………………………………………………………….. 7 5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 8 References………………………………………………………………………………. 9 1. Introduction The European Commission (EC) convicted eleven companies in the thread industry for arranging cartels for customers in Benelux, the Nordic countries and the EEA in 2005. The 23 producers investigated are from Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and the United Kingdom and were fined to a total of 43.5 million € (European Commission, 2005). Industrial thread itself is a kind of thin yarn that is used for sewing. It is therefore a main component in the production of various products, such as clothes, home furnishings, mattresses, footwear and others. Additionally, the production of automotive seats and seatbelts can be assigned to the so called automotive thread. Both markets together amounted to around 6 billion € in in sales worldwide in 2000. The antitrust investigation...
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...Economic Case Study: Proposed List Of Research Projects In International Development As a group you need to select one macroeconomic issue/policy from this list based on macroeconomic issue that interests you. I have also given a few study questions to assist you to critically think about the issues and the related policy solution. The study questions (the bulleted text) should only be used as helpful reference points for your further research on the economic subject of your interest. Accordingly please select your group so that each member can work on different dimensions of your research subject. Economic Issues related to the BRICS China: Facing the 21st Century China is without doubt currently the most dynamic force in Asia; it may be the most dynamic force in the world. Moreover, if China continues along its present trajectory, its growth will inevitably change the face of Asia. How did China do this? Where is China heading? What is happening in China? How did China do this? • What are economic strengths and challenges facing China today? • What is the impact of China's growth on other Asian countries? • What are the critical next steps for China in terms of its currency? What are their problems? India: Facing the 21st Century Some say we need to talk about “Chindia” as the new dynamic growth economy. India alone has shown growth of over 9 percent and is one of the fastest growing nations in Asia. • What are India’s economic...
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...In times of economic crisis, managers are continuously looking for ways to improve their productivity and organizational environment in order to sustain the business or company. Retention, however, has become a major obstruction facing the leadership. What exactly is causing this sudden changes are a number of issues contributing to this movement, namely the global trends.According to Macmillan( 2011) he says Global trends are changes that takes place world over that affect businesses and are beyond the control of managers. The existence of macroeconomics factors in the economy has caused inequality in the way the businesses are run. Macroeconomics factors are factors that have logical relevance to an economy at regional or national level and affects a large population rather than a few individuals. Macroeconomic factors such as economic output, unemployment, inflation, savings and investment are key indicators of economic performance and are closely monitored by governments, businesses and managers. These factors can be best summarized with PESTLES Analysis that is technological, political, social, economical, environmental and legal policies governing each country. Conklin (2011) says Forces outside the firm’s traditional boundaries are of great importance in determining the firm’s success as these forces of the environment of business are different world over and over time.He also states that these factors will continuosly confron the firms with new issues that require...
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...In our text, Ferrell, Hirt, and Ferrell tell us business is important in our society as the study of it can help improve our station not only in life but in our current occupation and community (Ferrell, Hirt & Ferrell, 2009). Understanding the entire life cycle of business as it impacts the community and largely, the country can help to navigate some of the issues and boundaries we find in our lives. As the internet expands small business growth this becomes more important. Additionally, economics, natural, financial and human resources are affected by the tides of politics and other forces which shape the ability to do business in a certain area. Embargos and other sanctions can deeply change how small and large businesses can sell or buy...
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...Macedonia: Economic History and Current Economic Environment The economy of Macedonia was almost none existent before its independence in 1991. During the period of the former Republic of Yugoslavia control “Macedonia only produced 5% of the total output of federal goods” (CIA, Macedonia Economy-overview), compared to all other former Yugoslav states. In Macedonia from 1991-1996 the economy was very unstable due to no government aid, which it formerly received from the Republic of Yugoslavia. Macedonia also had embargoes and trade sanctions from Greece and the United Nations respectively during this period. In 1996, the economy began steady growth until 2001. In 2001 internal conflict caused a decrease in GDP but rebounded quickly after. The economy took a hit in 2008 when the world economic problems caused a worldwide recession. With little effect on GDP from the recession, late in 2008 the Macedonian economy began recovering with a rise in exports and strengthening the infrastructure. During 1991-1996 the economic growth rate was minimal at best. From 1991 to 1994 the GDP declined because there was no foreign direct investment and the economy was drastically affected with a decline in growth. “The economy settled on a positive growth path from 1996 onwards but this was interrupted in 2001, the year of internal civil conflict.”(ILO, p.10) The change from a socialist economy to a market economy has had its ups and downs; the unemployment rate is very high at 29.1%(CIA)...
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...power, who gets what, where, how and why * Tourism developed in capitalist societies (generally after WWII) * Based on ‘consumption’ ideology * Control over space, time, resources Political Use of Tourism: * Spain (1939 – 75) under Franco’s regime * Most hated * Political acceptance * Israel (political sympathy for war in Gaza, boost national morale) * Philippines (1966 – 86) under Marcos * Marcos family was the richest in the world * To meet the needs of Marcos New Society – new image of the country. Created hotels with cheap material that caused building chippings * Korea and Taiwan * Korea was divided into North/South Korea in WWII * Political legitimacy, economic boost * Socialist Governments * Consistent with the pursuit of national ideologies * Social tourism Example of Political Use of Tourism: Chavez Video Clip: Why did Chaves want to create a new dependency? * For tourist attraction * Natural gas * Claiming the land before US could claim their land for natural resource * Chavez wanted to create a territorial protection of natural resources Vietnam cancels trips over oil rig row * Territorial dispute (have to see if there’s any natural resources under the ocean), countries stopped sending tourists * Chinese tourists to Japan were called ‘traitors’ because of oil (natural resource) claim * With tourism in mind Kenya Government invested in...
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...century in Europe, imposed punishment to offenders did not always involve incarceration. In place of that a multiple system of punishment that has meted out vastly as time has passed leaving different penalties depending on the offender’s social status as well as the prevailing interests of the economics inflicting punishment. For insistence, if a member of nobility is found to guilty violating the law were fined or sentenced to pass over some if not all of their personal property. However the more serious crimes that were committed by offenders of this same class were forced labor and removal from the community, often for the duration of the rest of their life. However, the members from the lower class bore the brunt early penal policies, mainly if they offended the interests of the upper classes. During those early times, punishment was administered out in was more the open for all to see and was often not matched in its means of cruelty. To go further into the types of the punishment imposed on these commoners closely resembled the supply and demand of labor than to the severity of the crimes the offender has committed. These forms of sanctions quickly lose favor, while in Australia punishment, banishment, as well as the transportation to the colonies in America a became a...
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... power, labor, etc. so it can be said that in a world of self-sufficiency globalization dies, only when the markets are volatile, globalization has its pace and when a particular segment becomes saturated in every economy there would be no exchange of this good or service or technology from one another and the scope for globalization ceases. When each country has a holiday destination like Miami nobody would be ready to come all the way spending more money. This is very much a reason for more south to south trade and south to north trade rather than north to south. With this transition or reform in the economic flow we can say the world is being pulled apart. The question “the world is still not flat?” is a comparative term and drawing back the lines to the 3000BC, I would say the world is flat. Russia is a young economy with great scope of development. After its economic reform in 1999 it faced a huge inflation because of improper regularization schemes, much of the nation’s wealth has been concentrated in hands of very few individuals which gave its name as land of billionaires. It has abundant natural resources like oil and metals which accounted for 70% of its exports and 40% of its GDP. It was listed as fastest recovering economy by IMF during 1991 -2000 which was mostly because huge disposable income...
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