...SCHEME OF WORK SEMESTER A152 SESSION 2015/2016 BEED2013 DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS BEED2013 DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS MAHADI BIN NAINA MOHAMED MOHAMED MAHADI BIN NAINA MOHAMED MOHAMED Lecturer’s Name: Course: WEEK/DATES | TOPICSUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | HOURS | METHOD | BBM | REMARKS | 1-2 | 1.0 ECONOMICS, INSTITUTIONS, AND DEVELOPMENT: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE 1.1 Economic and development studies 1.2 Basic concepts of economic development 1.3 The meaning of development, its nature, and goals | Explaining definitions, concepts, and objectives of growth and economic development | 6 | Lecture and discussions | * LCD projector * Ms Ppoint * OHP * Slaid * White Board * SAS | | 3-4 | 2.0 SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 2.1 Classification of developing countries2.2 structural differences and similarities in characteristics2.3 General characteristics2.4 Growth and development 2.4.1 Characteristics of Kuznet’s Growth model 2.4.2 Limitations of Kuznet’s model | Discussing similarities and differences in structure and economic characteristics in the developing world | 6 | Lecture and discussions | * LCD projector * Ms Ppoint * OHP * Slaid * White Board * SAS | | 5-6 | 3.0 CLASSICAL THEORIES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT3.1 Linear Growth Theories 3.1.1 Rostow’s stages of development Theory 3.1.2 Harrod-Domar Growth Model3...
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...Why Philippine agriculture fails Despite accounting for more than a third of the country’s workforce the sector contributes less than 15 percent of the total economic output. Poverty incidence among agricultural families is, as a result, much higher than the national average; not only does this impose significant social costs, it reduces productivity. This, in turn, makes agriculture an unattractive sector to invest in for both agribusiness investors and individuals; because of the rather poor existence farming offers, many potential second- or third-generation farmers instead look for income in urban areas or overseas. An example of why the Philippines fails in agriculture is the most recent installment of the long-running feud between the government and coconut farmers over the handling of the bloated, Marcos-era Coconut Levy Fund, now worth some P71 billion. In the latest drama, the Confederation of Coconut Farmers Organizations of the Philippines (CCFOP) last week filed a petition at the Supreme Court to block implementation of two executive orders issued by President B.S. Aquino 3rd. One (EO 179) orders an inventory of the coco levy deposits and assets as preparation for privatizing them, while the second (EO 180) authorizes the use of the funds for the benefit of coconut farmers. The CCFOP would certainly disagree, but the details of their complaint with this pair of directives are not really important; not when wrangling over the coco levy funds has been going on...
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...Discussion Paper 99 JOBLESS GROWTH IN INDIAN MANUFACTURING: A KALDORIAN APPROACH Michele Alessandrini* November 2009 Abstract Despite the remarkable economic performance in the last twenty-five years, India maintains a high discrepancy between the rate of growth of the economy and the rate of growth of employment. Labour elasticity to output has decreased over time and the capability of the Indian economy to generate employment seems to be limited. As a result, more than 60 percent of Indian workers are still employed in agriculture and 94 percent of total labour force can be found in the unregistered segment of the economy. This paper analyzes the jobless growth problem in India in terms of a Kaldorian framework where the linkages between agriculture and industry enter the labour demand through the changes in the terms of trade between the two sectors. Moreover, we investigate the role of the unorganized sector in influencing the growth of the registered employment. Using a dynamic panel dataset on registered manufacturing from the 15 major Indian states over the period 1980-2004, our System-GMM estimates show that states with a higher growth of demand for industrial goods originating from agriculture also exhibit a higher growth of employment. In addition, in those states where the weight of the unregistered manufacturing has risen over time, the jobless growth problem has worsened. Keywords: India, jobless growth, manufacturing, intersectoral terms...
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...Is there a resource curse in South Africa? Introduction Collier (2007) introduced the concept of the natural resource trap, a situation in which countries have access to natural resources that should enable a country to benefit and develop economically, but has the opposite effect by enslaving the country in poverty. In my analyses of Collier’s (2007) argument on why countries are subject to a resource trap, I focus on the concept of Dutch Disease within the South African primary sector and the aggravating factors caused by economic shocks. I analyse the degree to which the South African has indeed become reliant on the primary sector for sustaining its economy, with emphasis on the mining and agricultural components of the primary sector. However, I also extend on Collier’s (2007) argument by incorporating the views of other authors. An important view and one also central to my argument is that of Grimsley and Hay’s (2004), who refers to a “balanced economy” (p. 97) in the context of the “equity and mutual benefit” (p. 98) for the society as a whole. Translating the Collier (2007) argument to the South African context Collier (2007) indicates that Dutch disease, in combination with volatile commodity prices, is a significant contributor towards the natural resource trap. Barder (2006) describes the original concept of Dutch Disease in which the Dutch experienced large foreign exchange earnings due to the export of the gas. This led to a shift in the Dutch currency exchange...
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...of the agriculture sector towards India’s GDP is questioning the status of this sector as the backbone of the economy. With time agriculture is turning into an economically unviable activity with almost no profitability pushing the sector in a state of crisis. The following report analyses how the agrarian crisis can largely be attributed to the economic reforms in India since 1991. Lack of Easy Credit to Agriculture and Dependence on Money Lenders In 1969, 14 major commercial banks were nationalized with one of the objectives of developing banking sector in rural areas and providing easy institutionalized credit to the farmer. Soon these banks became the major source of affordable credit in the rural market particularly for the small and marginal farmers. However in the era of neo liberalization, since 1991, the nationalized banks started reducing their commitment below the prescribed 18 per cent, while the cooperative banks turned sick and failed to provide credit. With the implementation of the recommendations of the Narasimham Committee on Banking Reform post 1991, some of which included the decontrol of interest rates, large scale closure of rural branches for rationalized branch networks, the national effort towards developmental and social banking for farmers came to an end. This squeezed credit lines to farmers and led to a drastic fall in the credit flow to agriculture. In Andhra Pradesh for example, the proportion of bank lending to agriculture fell from...
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...less affluent, depend on forests and wildlife for food and income (Nijman, 2010). With globalization and economic development, consumption of wildlife is increasing as wildlife is considered delicacies, medicines, and pets, particularly by the Asians (Nyugen & Thach, 2014). To prevent the overexploitation of wildlife, and to protect nature for present and future generations, governments around the world have implemented laws and policies to control and to ensure the sustainability of wildlife trade. However, despite the governmental efforts to reduce illegal wildlife trade through captive breeding or artificial propagation, it is still flourishing. This chapter discusses, compares, and evaluates the legislation regarding wildlife trade particularly in Singapore and Vietnam, which are popular ports for wildlife trade due to their strategic locations (Neo, 2014; Nyugen & Thach, 2014). The chapter also reflects on the strengths and weaknesses of the laws, and suggests possible improvements. Introduction Wildlife trade refers to any sale or exchange of wild animal and plant resources by people (TRAFFIC, n.d.). While it has been exploited and consumed for thousands of years as food, medicine, pets, trophy, a source of income, and private collections, the trade has been increasing at an unprecedented rate in the recent years. There is greater demand for wildlife with economic development, as well as greater supply due to the improvement in traffic infrastructure which increases access...
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...EXAM TWO REVIEW: A. Explicit Cost vs. Implicit Cost and Accounting Costs vs. Economic Costs: Economic Cost: the monetary value of all inputs used in a particular activity or enterprise over a given period. Economic costs reflect the opportunity cost of resources. Explicit Costs: paid directly in money - money costs. A firm incurs explicit costs when it pays for a factor of production at the same time it uses it. • Explicit Cost = payments by a firm to purchase the service of productive resources (wages, interest, rent, capital) Implicit Costs: measured in units of money, but are not paid for directly in money. The costs of nonpurchased inputs, to which a cash value must be imputed because the inputs are not purchased in a market transaction. A firm incurs implicit costs when it uses capital, inventories or owner’s resources. • Implicit Costs = opportunity costs associated with a firm’s use of resources that it owns (wages foregone by owner, interest rates loss through purchases) Accounting Costs: Measures the explicit costs of operating a business - RESULTS FROM PURCHASES OF INPUT SERVICES. Economic Profit: the difference between the total revenue and the cost of all inputs used by a firm over a given period. It is the TR - OC. OC are the explicit and implicit costs of the best alternative actions forgone. (TR-TC) From now on, if I refer to “profit” that is referring to economic profit. B. • • • • • • • • • Production and Costs: COST CURVES: Fixed Costs (TFC) = costs...
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...Are We Ready? What does ASEAN Integration really mean? How could this integration affect the lives of Filipino people? Are we ready for this? Am I ready? As a student, I am wondering why we need this ASEAN integration if according to the news our economic status is now improving. I know we are part of ASEAN region but are we entitled to adapt and integrate with them. Why do we need to level off ourselves from different countries globally? There are so many questions, and still remains a question for everyone especially for me. But I have faith in our country that we can prove it like what we did before this integration, which we Filipinos can adapt. By this I believe we can survive to the educational changes – specifically in our curriculum or the K to 12 Program. I know this has been set up so that we can level off with ASEAN and the rest of the world. Though there are some errors and lapses in instituting this program, I can see the efforts of Educational agencies to provide a quality education which we can say would help us to compete universally. And this kind of leveling up our education quality is necessary The strengthening of our universities is a necessity because we want to compete with the world as global athletes, not just barangay warriors. That could be the reason why we should involve the Department of Education, Commission on Higher Education, Technical Education and Skills Development Authority, and the Department of Labor and Employment to have that assurance...
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...Indonesia Eases Quotas on Beef From Australia Published: May 28, 2013 Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/business/global/indonesia-eases-quotas-on-beeffrom-australia.html?_r=0 SYDNEY — The Australian beef industry will be able to increase sales to Indonesia, one of its biggest markets, after Jakarta relaxed restrictions on some imports to hold down local beef prices and prevent supply shortages under a policy aimed at increasing self-sufficiency. Indonesia has agreed to exempt ―premium‖ Australian beef imports from quotas, Trade Minister Craig Emerson of Australia said Tuesday. It will also allow live cattle exporters to start filling quotas intended for the final six months of the year ahead of schedule. Australia is among the world’s biggest beef exporters and has relied heavily on Indonesian demand, but the tightening of quotas by what was its largest live cattle market in 2012 and 2013 hurt the industry. Indonesia cut its 2012 import quotas for live cattle more than a third and for beef nearly two-thirds, while 2013 quotas were cut another 30 percent for cattle and 6 percent for beef, as Jakarta sought to promote its domestic beef market. Australian beef cattle prices have recovered slightly in the past week, with the Eastern Young Cattle Indicator, a benchmark, rising 2 cents Monday to 2.96 Australian dollars, or $2.86, per kilogram, or 2.2 pounds, although prices remain 20 percent lower than a year ago. ―Today’s decision means that those farmers that have...
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...Duterte reveals platform of government Metro Manila (CNN Philippines) — Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte and Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano were set to lay down their platform of government in a forum on Thursday (January 7) at the Plaza Independencia in Cebu City. In a press conference prior to the event, Duterte revealed some plans he had once elected as president. He said that his administration would be "left leaning" and he has a socialist principle. Duterte said that he would push for an end to the insurgency problem with communist rebels, having direct contacts with the NPA-NDF leaders such as Joma Sison. Duterte also said that he was against contractualization of laborers and would push for reforms in the income tax law which will cover more exemptions such as for those earning below P20,000 a month. The Davao chief executive also said that he would not declare martial law — unlike the "doomsday" scenario painted by his opponents. "But I tell criminals not to push me to go the extreme," Duterte warned. Duterte also specifically said that he would end the problem of illegal drugs in just three to six months into his administration. Organizers and supporters of Duterte said that it would be the first time for the tandem to lay down their platform of government. Duterte: Polls on federalism in 2 yrs DAVAO CITY—Presumptive President-elect Rodrigo Duterte projected a two-year timetable to submit to a referendum his proposal to dismantle the current presidential, unitary...
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...Economic Impact of globalization in IndiaMultilateral agreements in trade, taking on such new agendas as environmental and social conditions. New multilateral agreements for services ,Intellectual properties, communications, and more binding on national governments than any previous agreements. Market economic policies spreading around the world, with greater privatization and liberalization than in earlier decades. Growing global markets in services. People can now execute trade services globally -- from medical advice to software writing to data processing , that could never really be traded before. Open Market policy -advantages Growing Indian Economy GDP – USD 1.36 trillion GDP growth rate – 9% Services contribution – 60-65% Balance of Trade – Negative balance should increase with surging imports versus exports Investment goal – USD 370 billion GDP – USD 1.16 trillion GDP growth rate – 9.5% Services contribution – 60% Balance of Trade – Negative balance should increase with surging imports versus exports Investment goal – USD 305 billion GDP – USD 590 billion GDP growth rate – 9% Services contribution – 54% Balance of Trade – USD (-)46.2 billion Investment goal – USD 250 billion 2010 2008 2006 105 105 135 145 167 103 125 204 231 287 682 191 237 398 453 0 200 400 600 800 1.000 1.200 1999-00 2002-03 2005-06 2006-07 2010* USD Billion Agriculture Industry Services Growing GDP Source: India...
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...Mexicans is Spanish. The heart of Mexican dishes consists of three main ingredients: beans, corn, and hot peppers. Mexico has numerous occasions that called for special food. The Dia de la Candelaris which is on February 2nd celebrates the purification of Mary and the presence and blessing of Jesus. After the ceremony families join together for tamales. Mexico is a federal republic and its government operates under a centralized government. Government powers are divided between executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Mexican’s extended family members are very important to them. They very often seek opportunities to gather with each other. Mexico has a free-market economy that has a mixture of traditional and modern industry and agriculture (Ansters, 2011). Mexican economy has experienced internationalization, privatization, and deregulation. The dominant religion in Mexico is Roman Catholicism. Catholic beliefs pervade the like of Mexicans. Mexico’s religious rituals are determined by the Catholic calendar with Easter being the most important. Each community in Mexico has its own patron saint which they can honor with processions and fiestas every year (Ansters, 2011). Puerto Ricans In 1493, Christopher Columbus landed...
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...HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Eleven days after the proclamation of the Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898, President Emilio Aguinaldo formed his government with the Department of Agriculture and Manufacturing as one of the first agencies. The Department was headed by three directors, Jose Alejandrino (1898-1899), Graciano Gonzaga and Leon Ma. Guerrero, both during the latter part of 1899. In 1901 during the American regime, the Department was renamed Insular Bureau of Agriculture under the Department of Interior and was headed by Americans, Frank Lamson-Scribner (1902), WC Welborn (1904), and Dr. George Nesom (1907). In 1910, the Bureau, under the supervision of the Department of Public Instruction, was headed by Frederick Taylor(1911-1914) and Harry Edwards (1914-1916). After Edwards, the helm of the bureau was again given to a Filipino, Adriano Hernandez who himself was a practicing farmer. In 1917, the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (DANR) took over the functions of the bureau and was led by Secretaries Galicano Apacible (1917-1921), Rafael Corpuz (1921-1923), and Silvestre Apostol (1923-1928). During the administration of Secretary Rafael Alunan, Sr. (1928-1932), the DANR became the Department of Agriculture and Commerce. The Bureau of Agriculture was split into two bureaus, the Plant Industry and the Animal Industry. The following year, the Fish and Game Administration and...
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...and an uneven distribution of wealth and income. The primary sector, based on manufacturing, services, mining, and agriculture, is well developed. South Africa's transportation infrastructure is among the best in Africa, supporting both domestic and regional needs. OR Tambo International Airport serves as a hub for flights to other Southern African and International countries. South Africa also has several major ports that make it the central point for most trade in the Southern African region. Economy of South Africa Cape Town CBD Rank Currency Fiscal year Trade organizations Statistics GDP $277.4 billion (2009) (nominal; 32nd) $488.6 billion (2009) (PPP; 25th) 32nd Rand (ZAR) Calendar year WTO, G-20, SACU and others Contents 1 History 2 Sectors 2.1 Telecommunications 2.2 Agriculture 3 Trade and investment 4 Complicating factors 4.1 Human capital flight 4.2 The electrical crisis 5 Economic policy 5.1 GEAR 5.2 Inflation targeting and GDP growth 5.3 Financial policy 6 Environment 7 Social services GDP growth GDP per capita 4.6% (Q1 2010) $5,684 (2009) (nominal; 76th) $10,136 (2009) (PPP; 79th) GDP by sector agriculture (0.9%), industry (20.6%), services (78.5%) Inflation (CPI) Population below poverty line Labour force 4.6% (May 2010) 50% (2000 est.) 17.32 million economically active (2009 est.) Labour force by occupation agriculture: 9%, industry: 26%, services: 65%...
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...Africa BU606 – Economics Group 7 Amanda Downey - 125824690 Ahmed Youssef - 135819900 Alex Zorzitto - 135823380 Tom Vandemoortele - 135824330 Wafik Moussa - 135808970 Word Count = 2,832 (including titles and citations) Contents 1.0 Executive Summary 3 2.0 Electrical Power Utilities Industry in South Africa 4 2.1 Why South Africa? 4 2.2 Environmental Analysis 4 2.2.1 Social Economic and Political Considerations 4 2.2.2 Macroeconomic Trends 5 2.2.3 Aspects of International Trade/Investment 5 2.2.4 Competition Analysis 6 2.2.5 Market Structure and Firm Entry 6 3.0 Opportunity, Issues and Recommended Strategy 7 3.1 Opportunity Description 7 3.2 ATCO Power Current Strategy: Strengths and Weaknesses 7 3.3 Risk Factors in South African Market 8 3.4 Financial Analysis 8 3.5 Recommended Strategy and Entry Mode 9 4.0 Implementation Plan 9 4.1 Immediate Action Plan: 6 Month 9 4.2 Short Term: 1 Year 10 4.3 Long Term 10 4.4 Contingency Plan 10 5.0 References 11 6.0 Exhibits 13 1.0 Executive Summary ATCO Power is yearning to achieve its global expansion goal and establish itself as an industry leading, reliable and environmentally responsible provider of cost-effective solutions for customers and partners worldwide. In search for an investment opportunity in the underserved market in Africa potential target countries were identified based on electricity demand growth trends, production capacity, economic growth and a multitude...
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