...A Firm in a perfectly competitive market invents a new method of production that lowers its marginal cost. What happens to its output? What happens to the price of charges? A profit-maximizing firm compares the marginal revenue received from output sold with the marginal cost of producing it. If marginal revenue equals marginal cost, then the firm produces the profit-maximizing output quantity. If marginal revenue is less than marginal cost, then it can boost profit by increasing production. If marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost, then it can boost profit by decreasing production. A. The firm has an employee who threatens to tell all other firms in the industry about how to implement this new technique. Will it be possible to bribe the employee not to do this? Why or why not? I don’t know it would be possible for the firm to bribe the employee unless they were under a contractual agreement with him/her. For example: my husband company makes their employees sign a no compete policy. The employee cannot take any patent that they have implemented nor can they speak of any patents or services that were implemented. B. Why should this employee probably choose to tell only some of the other firms rather than all of them? He would only loose his leverage by telling all of the firms. If he/she wanted to make money and keep a good reputation with these companies he has given this secret to he must limit his transaction to only a few firms to keep the perfect competitive...
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...BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar belakang Masalah Dalam era globalisasi sekarang ini, tidak hanya perusahaan yang memiliki daya saing antar perusahaan. Sekolah dasar sekolah dasar baik negeri dan swasta juga ternyata diyakini memiliki daya saing antar organisasi. Diataranya memerlukan seorang pemimpin yang piawai dalam memimpin suatu organisasi. Pemimpin sekolah dasar mempengaruhi system pembelajaran siswa dengan memberitahu visi yang mengarahkan dan memastikan proses pembelajaran organisasi diberikan dengan baik oleh guru juga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa. Gaya kepemimpinan transformasional menggunakan visi sebagai komponen dari kepemimpinan sendiri yang digunakan untuk memotivasi orang ke tingkat yang lebih tinggi dari upaya dan kinerja dalam organisasi pada umumnya dan di sekolah dasar pada khususnya (Stewart, 2006). Visi disini diartikan bahwa seorang pemimpin mengetahui apa nilai-nilai inti dan tugas-tugas inti dari organisasi yang dipimpinnya, dan apa yang harus dicapai oleh organisasi tersebut. Gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, visi dan proses organisasi pembelajaran sekolah dasar merupakan suatu kunci untuk perbaikan sekolah dasar (Leithwood, 2004). Studi ini dilaporkan dengan mengusulkan sebuah model yang meneliti hubungan antara pelaku gaya kepemimpinan, visi sekolah dasar, dan organisasi pembelajaran di sekolah dasar, dan pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dasar terhadap organisasi pembelajaran sekolah dasar dengan menggunakan visi sebagai mediator...
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...Project management competence in public sector infrastructure organisations PANTALEO MUTAJWAA DANIEL RWELAMILA* Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, PO Box 392, UNISA 0003, South Africa Received 3 June 2006; accepted 2 November 2006 Public sector organisations responsible for infrastructure development in most non-industrialised countries, which include infrastructure departments/ministries, parastatal organisations and other statutory organisations qualify as project-oriented organisations (POO). There are strong indications to suggest that these organisations’ project management (PM) competencies leave a lot to be desired. At face value they purport to be fully fledged project-oriented organisations and performing as competent PM organisations, while in reality they are predominantly dependent on accidental project managers. This paper reports on a study that was carried out in one of the large infrastructure departments in South Africa. The focus is on one of the premiere programmes managed by the department. The management of the programme is scrutinised in order to establish the department/ministry’s PM competence. An evaluation of the performance of the programme was carried out in relation to the ministry’s mandate in order to assess its PM competence. It is found that the programme in its current form could be described as a ‘white elephant’ and a programme that does not have an appropriate organisation structure, nor appropriate...
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...Construction Management and Economics (May 2004) 22, 347–356 The development of the construction legal system in China LAM YOW THIM and CHEN ZONGGUI School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Received 2 December 2002; accepted 29 May 2003 China has been developing at an amazing speed since it carried out reform and open-door policy in 1978. Construction industry is playing a leading role in the rapid Chinese economic development. At the same time, China has also worked hard to encourage overseas investors to expand their investment in the construction industry. With its development over the years, China has established a legal system for governing construction activities. To participate in such a major market in the world, it is important to understand the legal system governing it and the impact of China’s joining the World Trade Organization. The Chinese construction laws and practice are still very different from the international norm. If foreign participants are to make a success out of doing business in China, they must understand the Chinese way of life. Particularly, they must prepare to adapt to an environment where new rules are created as circumstances and situations change. Keywords: Construction laws, legal system, construction industry, China, foreign investment, foreign designers and contractors, World Trade Organization (WTO) Introduction China has been developing at an amazing speed since it carried out...
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...MGSM845 : ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF MANAGEMENT Essay Term 2, 2013 ‘Sustaining Australia’s rate of economic growth above 3.25%, once the mining sector’s level of investment spending reduces during the next couple of years, is going to be a major challenge which will require a focus by the public and private sectors on productivity’. Discuss this statement, including an analysis of Australia’s GDP growth rate since 2000 and the drivers of GDP growth in Australia. What are the implications of your outlook on monetary policy settings? Name: 1,500 Student No.: Word Count: MGSM845:ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF MANAGEMENT Term 2, 2013 The Australian resources sector plays a vital role in the Australian economy. The resources sector is the largest contributor to merchandise exports, a major contributor to GDP, a major employer, a major contributor to government revenue and investment. Other benefits such as its contribution to rural and regional development and technological development and environmental research are also significant. Australia has experienced significant GDP growth since the early 2000’s, it has effectively been a two speed economy where the strong mining sector growth has been offset by the reduction in the manufacturing sector. Following the global financial crisis in the late 2000’s, the Australian government fiscal policy placed signi...
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...“Economics of IT Security Management” 1) The article questions the loss estimate obtained from CSI/FBI security surveys since they exclude some categories of costs associated with security breaches. It suggests that cost estimate based on the loss in capital markets as a result of a breach in security may be a proxy to estimate true cost of security breaches. a. What do you think about the quality of this cost estimate? Can you think of better ways to capture true cost of security breaches? Although I can see the benefit to utilizing capital market losses as a basis for estimating the true costs of a security breach because it attempts to capture the intangible costs of a breach, there is a great deal of uncertainty in the market and market share may go up or down as much based on the public perception of company’s ability to handle the situation as the damage done by the event itself. Additionally, the marketplace is often affected, in the long term by a multitude of indirect factors that skew the data; the price of fuel, socio-economic instability or new laws/regulations in parts of the world where they have warehouses or production facilities, natural disasters etc. Furthermore capital market changes only capture the effects of those security breaches that are publicly reported. Privately held companies are not subject to many of the laws and regulations that compel larger businesses to self-report and even when companies are required by law, to report security...
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... 349 Statistics in Practice STATISTICS in PRACTICE JOHN MORRELL & COMPANY* CINCINNATI, OHIO John Morrell & Company, which began in England in 1827, is considered the oldest continuously operating meat manufacturer in the United States. It is a wholly owned and independently managed subsidiary of Smithfield Foods, Smithfield, Virginia. John Morrell & Company offers an extensive product line of processed meats and fresh pork to consumers under 13 regional brands including John Morrell, E-Z-Cut, Tobin’s First Prize, Dinner Bell, Hunter, Kretschmar, Rath, Rodeo, Shenson, Farmers Hickory Brand, Iowa Quality, and Peyton’s. Each regional brand enjoys high brand recognition and loyalty among consumers. Market research at Morrell provides management with up-to-date information on the company’s various products and how the products compare with competing brands of similar products. A recent study compared a Beef Pot Roast made by Morrell to similar beef products from two major competitors. In the three-product comparison test, a sample of consumers was used to indicate how the products rated in...
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...ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM ON HOTEL DEVELOPMENT (A STUDY OF SHERATON HOTEL, IKEJA, LAGOS) A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED BY ODEODE FAITH EBANEHITA (Matric. No: RUN06-07/925) IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B. SC) DEGREE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT AND TOURISM STUDIES, COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, REDEEMER’S UNIVERSITY, OGUN STATE. MAY 2010 CERTIFICATION I certify that this research project titled ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM ON HOTEL DEVELOPMENT (A STUDY OF SHERATON HOTEL, IKEJA, LAGOS) .................................................................................................. Was conducted and written by ODEODE FAITH EBANEHITA Run06-07/925 ........................................................ ........................ Name Matric No Under my supervision In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of (B. SC) TOURISM MANAGEMENT ............................................................. In the College of Management Sciences Redeemer’s University, Redemption City, Ogun State, Nigeria Mrs. A.O. Idowu Dr. (Mrs.) B.O. Adeleke _______________________ ____________________ Name, Signature and Date ...
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...ECS1260-65 ECONOMICS (FOR BUSINESS AND) MANAGEMENT 2012-13 Seminar Exercises 13 (to take place in Week 16 starting 11th February 2013) 1) Please say whether the following statements are true or false: a. An economy experiences growth if it produces more goods and services than the year before. (T) (An increase in the production means an increase in the GDP) b. Investment in physical capital means hiring more employees. (F) (Human capital is used for workforce) c. The convergence hypothesis asserts that poor countries grow slower than rich countries, thereby widening the income gap between the two sets of countries. (F) d. Trend output fluctuates around actual output, since it is latter that matters most. (F) (Actual output fluctuates around Trend output due to change in trends) e. Real business cycles assume that cycles reflect fluctuations around output, while political cycles reflect fluctuations around the political establishment. (T) ( f. In the business cycle, recession follows boom, and is followed by slump. (T) g. During recession, business profits increase. (F) Multiple Choice: 2) An increase in living standards generally takes place when: a) GDP grows vigorously over a long period of time. b) GDP declines only moderately. c) GDP is volatile. d) GDP long-term trend is flat. 3) Which of the following is NOT an example of an increased standard of living? a) Lower life expectancy. b) Indoor plumbing...
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...Global Economic Environment In: Business and Management Global Economic Environment Global Economic Environment Generally, global economic environment is influenced by various factors such as technological, environment, political, socio-cultural, and demographic that directly affects businesses. Economic environment refers to the nature of economic systems and policies, distribution of income and wealth, and level of income. Indeed, economic environment has a complex and very dynamic nature; it is continually changing along with the changes in political situations and government policies. Global Economic Environment Mainly, global economic environment is comprised of several components including the economic systems, conditions, policies, legislations, and environment. Indeed, the economic policies being imposed in every business unit are significantly influences by the overall condition of economy. This includes the improvements that occurred in economic conditions such as the purchasing power of the public, standard of living, distribution of income, and supply and demand. Mainly, these factors reflect the size of the market. Another factor reflecting the economic condition is the business cycle, which is critical to every business unit. It refers to the different stages such as prosperity, boom, decline, depression, and recovery. The economic condition of a country can be understood through its national income, per capita income, and distribution of income, demand and...
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...Upjohn Institute Press Book Chapters Upjohn Research home page 2005 Human Resource Management and Safety: Technical Efficiency and Economic Incentives Richard J. Butler Brigham Young University Yong-Seung Park Kyung Hee University Citation Butler, Richard J., and Yong-Seung Park. 2005. "Human Resource Management and Safety: Technical Efficiency and Economic Incentives." In Safety Practices, Firm Culture, and Workplace Injuries. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, pp. 1-12. http://research.upjohn.org/up_bookchapters/33 This title is brought to you by the Upjohn Institute. For more information, please contact ir@upjohn.org. 1 Human Resource Management and Safety Technical Efficiency and Economic Incentives More U.S. workers die each year on the job than were killed in the U.S. military cumulatively from 1998 through November 2004, even after including self-inflicted and accidental military deaths (DIOR 2005). In 2001, there were 8,786 job-related fatal injuries (5,900 not counting the fatalities caused by the terrorist attacks of September 11), or about 3.7 fatal injuries per 100,000 workers. Workers made 2.1 million trips to the emergency room for injuries sustained from accidents at work (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2004). Workers’ compensation insurance, which covers all medical expenses and part of lost wages associated with injuries, cost employers $63.9 billion in 2001 (Williams, Reno, and Burton 2003). The...
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...THE CHALLENGES OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN POST GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS ERA IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NIGERIAN PROFESSIONAL BY BENNETT B. BENNETT UNIZIK/ACC/Ph.D./2011387014F DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTANCY, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA SEPTEMBER, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Certification Approval Declaration Acknowledgement List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background to Study 1.1 Statement of Research Problem 1.2 Objective of Study 1.3 Research Question 1.4 Research Hypothesis 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Scope and Delimitation of Study 1.7 Limitations CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Historical Background 2.2 Conceptual Frame work 2.3 theoretical Frame work 2.4 Review of Current Literature CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 3.1 Design of the Study 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Method of Data Analysis CHAPTER FOUR DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 5.1 Summary 5.2 Conclusion 5.3 Recommendations 5.4 Suggestions for Further Studies Bibliography Appendix CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research work was carried out by Bennett, B. Bennett of the Department of Accountancy Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. _______________________ Prof. B.C. Osisioma Date. APROVAL This paper titled “Exploring the Challenges of Strategic Management Accounting in Post Global Economic Crisis Era: Implications for...
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...RUNNING HEADER: Social, Political and Economic Forces Explain how social, political and economic forces have influenced organization and the practice of management Maxine Williams Portmore Community College, Old Harbour 3 December 2009 Introduction The social, political and economic forces do indeed influence how organizations operate as well as the practice of management. When an organization plans to conduct marketing activities or expand its market, it is recommended that they conduct SWOT analysis to find out its strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats in order to move forward. They do this by evaluating the social, political and economic forces in the environment. In addition, the practice of management is influenced by the social environment e.g. cultural climate in a country and an organization. It is further influenced by the political environment such as trade regulations, wage legislation, political instability et al. The economic factors will also influence the practice of management by the economic growth rate, labour costs, the skill level of workers et al. The author will discuss these factors in greater detail throughout the body of the paper. Defining the Social, Political and Economic Forces The social environmental factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macro-environment. These factors affect customer needs and the size of potential markets. Political factors include government regulations...
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...Basic Leadership Principles Colonel Royal Mortenson Colonel United States Marie Corps 1. Be a good person, a person of character and strength, and you will always be a good firefighter. 2. Never be afraid to take a moral or ethical stand on something you believe in your gut to be right. Stand up and be counted. 3. Someone has to lead, in the absence of authority---take Charge. 4. “Band of brothers” is not just a line from Shakespeare’s Henry the V. We are a “Band of brothers,” so, like a brother, never turn your back on a fellow firefighter. 5. Always strive to be tactically and technically proficient in all you do. The price of anything less is far too costly. Our environment is uncertain and lethal. Never let it be said that you lost a man or a woman because you failed to do your homework. 6. I will listen to and help any person, anytime. I expect my subordinate leaders to do the same; however, every member of our team must reach out and grab the “offered hand.” 7. Everything I do must prepare myself and my team for mission success and survival. Our enemies must understand that they have but two choices---“make peace or die.” 8. Take care of our families. Stress at home tears at the fiber of our organization. 9. I will hold myself accountable for all I do and don’t do. I will hold others accountable for their actions commensurate with their position and responsibilities at every level. 10. Don’t lie, steal or cheat. 11. Never accept...
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...Unit 3 IP JAMES FLOWERS American inter-continental university online Professor Hannon Microsoft While Microsoft has been very successful in providing the Windows operating system to PC makers as well as the Office Suite there is growing competition from Apple in terms of both the consumer market and the corporate market. The Apple Mac OS is now becoming a viable contender in both markets. However, in terms of the quickly growing and ever expanding mobile market Microsoft has done very little to win over handset makers and create an environment in which individuals are writing apps for their platform. In this case Apple has become the predominant leader and the standard methods of competing are not producing the results needed to remain competitive in the long-term market. For this reason I would recommend that Microsoft make a significant departure and start writing apps for the Apple IOS platform. While it may seem counterintuitive to develop apps that will run on other hardware Microsoft is currently faced with the issue of taking a beating in terms of the app market. Creating apps that run on iOS will allow Apple users to see the Microsoft products that are available and hopefully create additional revenue such that they can fund and create new opportunities in their own potential app store for Windows based phones. This is basically the last significant chance Microsoft has in order to salvage the potential...
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