...PHRMA Table of Contents 1) Introduction page 3 2) History/Overview of the Industry page 3 3) Economic Characteristics page 4 a) Structure b) Costs c) Demand d) Competition- The Rise of the Generics e) Market Failure, Government Intervention and Price 4) Performance page 7 5) Impact of the Global Economic Downturn page 9 6) Summary page 10 7) Conclusion page 11 Bibliography page 12 8) 1. Introduction This paper briefly examines the current state of the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the economic characteristics, performance, and the impact of the global recession. The industry is made up of several enterprises engaging in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of medicines, vaccines, medical devices, and nutritional products for humans and animals. Though, this multi-billion dollar industry includes large ethical drug multi-nationals (often referred to as Big Pharma), mid-sized specialty pharmaceutical companies, manufacturers of generics, small biotechnology and biopharmaceutical firms, and service companies, 1 for the purpose of this paper, the emphasis will be mainly on drug makers. 2. History/Overview of the Industry The pharmaceutical industry of today is a far cry from its humble beginnings in the nineteenth century of physicians mainly prescribing plant extracts to being technology intensive, dominated by a few...
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...The Pharmaceutical Industry 1. Origins and Evolution The modern pharmaceutical industry is a highly competitive non-assembled1 global industry. Its origins can be traced back to the nascent chemical industry of the late nineteenth century in the Upper Rhine Valley near Basel, Switzerland when dyestuffs were found to have antiseptic properties. A host of modern pharmaceutical companies all started out as Rhine-based family dyestuff and chemical companies e.g. Hoffman-La Roche, Sandoz, Ciba-Geigy (the product of a merger between Ciba and Geigy), Novartis2 etc. Most are still going strong today3. Over time many of these chemical companies moved into the production of pharmaceuticals and other synthetic chemicals and they gradually evolved into global players. The introduction and success of penicillin in the early forties and the relative success of other innovative drugs, institutionalized research and development (R&D) efforts in the industry 4. The industry expanded rapidly in the sixties, benefiting from new discoveries and a lax regulatory environment. During this period healthcare spending boomed as global economies prospered. The industry witnessed major developments in the seventies with the introduction of tighter regulatory controls, especially with the introduction of regulations governing the manufacture of ‘generics’5. The new regulations revoked permanent patents and established fixed periods on patent protection for branded products, a result of...
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...threats for GSK by first making the PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment surrounding the pharmaceutical industry. (9 points) * PESTEL analysis of the pharmaceutical industry: Political: Since the creation of healthcare insurance, companies have to conform themselves to two kinds of systems: 1) The universal system applied for example in France, with less demand in new technologies. 2) The very selective anglo-saxon system which is looking for high technologies, excluding people who can pay for treatments. As we know the industry have to work on growing political focus on healthcare. Indeed, global governments are looking for healthcare savings especially in this time of economic crisis. Furthermore, as the European Union is trying to harmonize healthcare between its 27 members, pharmaceutical companies will have to introduce reference in pricing and to deal with increasing pressure on pricing. Economic: Due to the context of global economic crisis, the main threat for the industry stands in the reluctance of consumers to spend on healthcare. Like most of the sectors, pharmaceutical industry copes with a reduction in its growth, even if the market perspectives are positive. To emphasize: pharmaceutical growth is following the GDP growth. Social: As the over-65’s consume 4 time more than other citizens, the aged population represents an opportunity for the pharmaceutical companies which will have to respond to increasing demand from this part of the population...
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...The History and Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceuticals Industry Analysis 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Origins and Evolution Environmental Analysis (PEST) Structural Industry Analysis (Porter’s Five Forces) Strategic Issues Facing The Industry Analysis of Key Industry Participants and Strategy Pfizer – SWOT Analysis and Strategy Review Conclusion References 2 2 4 5 6 8 10 10 i Pharmaceuticals Industry Analysis Executive Summary This report provides an analytical strategic review of the pharmaceutical industry; it’s origins, evolution, development and competitive environment within which it operates and the strategic issues facing the industry. The report also offers an overview of the industry, it’s key players, their strategic outlook, the impact of technological developments and other strategic issues facing the industry. The latter sections of the report focuses on the industry’s leading firm, Pfizer\Pharmacia. Page 1 Pharmaceuticals Industry Analysis The Pharmaceutical Industry 1. Origins and Evolution 1 The modern pharmaceutical industry is a highly competitive non-assembled global industry. Its origins can be traced back to the nascent chemical industry of the late nineteenth century in the Upper Rhine Valley near Basel, Switzerland when dyestuffs were found to have antiseptic properties. A host of modern pharmaceutical companies all started out as Rhine-based family dyestuff and chemical companies e.g. Hoffman-La Roche...
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...Report analyzes the US pharmaceutical industry Report analyzes the US pharmaceutical industry Published on April 9, 2010 at 12:04 PM Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/eded8d/pharmaceutical_ind) has announced the addition of the "Pharmaceutical Industry in the United States" report to their offering. Over the past decade, pharmaceutical companies have pushed the scientific envelope, working at the cellular and molecular levels to dramatically advance the treatment of disease. Between 1995 and 2005, more than 300 new drugs, biologics, and vaccines that prevent and treat over 150 conditions were approved by the FDA. The FDA also gave the go-ahead for numerous new indications for previously approved medicines, allowing physicians to tailor treatment strategies to meet a patients individual disease status, past medication history, side effect tolerance, and preferences. The US pharmaceutical industry is a highly globalized industry, dominated by multinational companies that engage in significant business activity in many countries and whose products are distributed and marketed worldwide. The industry has undergone dramatic structural changes over the past few decades, with the rise of the biotechnology sector, substantial growth in demand driven by demographics and substitution away from other therapeutic modalities such as surgery, and increased competition from globally active generic manufacturers. The pharmaceutical industry is under mounting scrutiny...
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...environmental factors are affecting big pharmaceutical companies strategically? Introduction Johnson and Scholes (2002) p10 define strategy as “the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a changing environment and to fulfil stakeholder expectations.” The purpose of an environmental scan is to develop a list of diverse variables from an uncertain and complex world to offer actionable responses and in so doing allow a structured framework for defensive or offensive actions. The Pharmaceutical Industry environment is an ethical drugs industry aimed at providing beneficial products and services for human consumptions as well as chemical medicaments and biotechnology. The 21st century has brought about changes within the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry today is highly competitive non-assembled global industry. To define the non-assembled aspect of the industry is where manufactures components parts or materials are relied on for example glass, woodwork and chemicals. It was in the sixties and seventies that the pharmaceutical industry was to expand rapidly as it was a period referred to as the spending boom. Research and development (R and D) was also a major investment and trust which was provided for Universities and education institutions. Pencillin which was the major discovery in the pharmaceutical industry in the 40’s, which led to research and...
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...& Economic Pressures Impacting the Pharmaceutical Industry in 2015 Presented to: Dr. Siamack Shojai Economic Analysis 6090, William Paterson University December 15th, 2015 The pharmaceutical industry has experienced tremendous growth over the past few decades, with a substantial change in the market dynamic from a provider, healthcare plan & patient perspective. Medical advancements coupled with research & development efforts have expanded the product base in terms of a variety of new treatments across numerous therapeutic classes. As depicted in the illustration below, the total global pharmaceutical sales reached $1,057,000,000 in 2014; based on the past 10 years we can expect the forecast to show a similar increase over the next few years. IMS Health Market Prognosis, May 2015 Of all the changes visible within the pharmaceutical market, there are a few that are truly revolutionizing the market: US healthcare reform, emergence of specialty product markets, price strategy & mergers & acquisitions. The healthcare market has changed under Obama, opening healthcare coverage to more patients & bringing forth treatment & medication to a larger population. The emergence of specialty products pose an entirely new challenge to the market in terms of the doctor’s prescribing habits, healthcare plan coverage & out-of-pocket cost to the patient. This along with other economic pressures brings an entirely new perspective to pharmaceutical manufacturers...
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...The pharmaceutical industry is described by high levels of risky and lengthy R&D process, tough competition for intellectual property, tighter government regulations and powerful pressures on buying power. (Johnson, 2006) In 2011, several blockbuster drugs patent like Lipitor will expire, possibly endangering the revenues of the pharmaceutical industry for the next three to five years. On the global level, the historical supremacy of the US was being challenged with the highest market growth rates recorded in emerging markets. The industry more than ever need to get a handle on the slippery business by offering a true step change in strategy. This will critically analyse the Global Pharmaceutical Industry with PESTEL, Porter’s five forces, SWOT analysis and plausible views of industry in the future. PESTLE PESTLE analysis used to help organisation to understand in depth the current status of the organisation and the external factors which are effecting it. It also helps to the Management to make strategy for the future and overcome the weak areas of the organization. PESTLE is comprises of political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors. Political The both policies (domestic and foreign) of government have a great effect on the industry innovation as compare to the other factors. To get the attentions of firms due to increase the economic importance, government offer special incentives which encourage to the industry to globalisation. For...
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...Pharmaceutical Cluster in Andhra Pradesh Microeconomics of Competitiveness Final Project Harvard Business School Helene Herve | Lhakpa Bhuti | Saurabh Agarwal | Sonny Kushwaha | Akbar Causer May 2013 Table of Contents 1 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction to India ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 2.2 History and Political Climate ....................................................................................................... 5 Competitive Positioning of India ................................................................................................. 6 Endowments .......................................................................................................................... 6 Economic Performance To-Date and Macroeconomic Policy.............................................. 7 Summary of Export Clusters ................................................................................................. 9 Social Infrastructure and Political Institutions.................................................................... 10 India Diamond .................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 3 3.1 Andhra Pradesh .............................
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...American multinational pharmaceutical corporation that headquartered in New York City [Pfizer. Retrieved on April 3, 2010] and with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut and United States. It is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies by revenues.[Bloomberg Businessweek. 27 March 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2012] Pfizer develops and produces medicines and vaccines for a wide range of medical disciplines that includes immunology, oncology, cardiology, diabetology/endocrinology, and neurology. It owns the cholesterol - lowering drug Lipitor, which brings in approximately quarter of its revenue and was the best-selling medicine in the world in 2009. Pfizer founded in 1849 by Charles Pfizer . The company started its activities in the pharmaceutical industry throughout the world with many companies, including acquisitions and mergers like Warner - Lambert in 2000 Farmsya in 2003 and White in 2009, noted that the company's cost of $ 68 billion in achieved in 2009.[ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/26/business/26drug.html] 1- External analysis PESTLE is part of companies’ external analysis and is a part of companies’ strategic analysis (Political Legal Economical Environmental Social Technological analysis).It helps in understanding the companies’ external factors which influence the development of the company. 1.1- Political and legal : In healthcare system and pharmaceutical industry the political factors are importance. The United States pharmaceutical industry...
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...threats for Pharmaceutical industry as these movements focus on green environments and reduce chemicals and carbon which comes from pharmaceutical industries. It is not being possible to ignore these issues as they are supposed to be practiced under United Nation charter for clean and better environment. For example Pfizer is a well reputed British Pharmaceutical company which has aims to save the environment as much as possible from chemicals, waste water which includes active pharmaceutical ingredients mixture of different compounds and carbon which comes from their pharmaceutical industries. Different strategies could be used to reduce carbon and chemical waste from drugs for human environment, like proper consumption ,good way of savages for hospitals waste water like advance waste water treatment technology, private house hold expire drugs, training and education of medical professionals to reduce over prescription, and public education and awareness. These strategies could be help full for save green house environment from drugs. In conclusion if we do focus on three principal strategies to reduce the input of chemicals compounds, carbon, and waste water in to the environment are substitution of complex chemical compounds, advance technical approach, and proper education and training of doctors, retailers and consumers. (Klaus Kümmerer, 2009) Social The social life, physical activities and level of health of a community affects the pharmaceutical industry. Change in...
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...Introduction Drug development from initial discovery of a promising target to the final medication, is characterized by a high degree of scientific, regulatory and economic risk. Colossal amounts of time, effort, and money are invested in the research and development process to bring a new medicine to the market. In fact, it takes an average of 10 to 15 years to bring a drug from discovery to approval, and for every 5,000-10,000 compounds investigated; only one is approved and marketed. Figure 1: Current time-scale of drug approval processes. Studies have estimated that the cost of bringing a single new drug to market is in excess of US $800million., Other health economists estimate that the current cost of drug development is now between US$1.3 billion to $1.7 billion., However, an updated cost per NCE (New chemical entity) has been recently calculated taking annual inflation, toughening regulatory demands and the decline in success rates into account. It has been proposed that the earlier cost estimate of drug development of $802M has risen to the astronomical level of $3.9Bn after adjustment. In addition, it is important to note that this does not represent the entire cost as the expenditure for marketing is omitted from these figures. However, the costs have been questioned as it is claimed it is in the best interests of drug companies to overstate costs since they often lobby governments to loosen price regulations and increase patent protection. The surging...
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...Corporate Development Strategies Faculty 02 – Economics and Business Administration Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt Industry analysis of the pharmaceutical industry Written assignment Submitted by: Heiko Kreuz, 4897736, s5706079@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Janine Seelinger, 4896818, s1010710@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Dana Winkler, 4497800, s1099437@stud.uni-frankfurt.de Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Lars Schweizer November 6, 2015 Table of contents 1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................1 2 Theoretical framework of Porter’s Five Forces ........................................................1 3 Industry analysis by means of Porter’s Five Forces ................................................2 3.1 Competitive rivalry ................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Bargaining power of suppliers.................................................................................. 2 3.3 Bargaining power of buyers ..................................................................................... 2 3.4 Threat of substitutes ................................................................................................. 3 3.5 Threat of new entrants .............................................................................................. 3 3.6 The regulators ............................
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...ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE GHANAIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF KAMA PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background of the Study According to Hendricks and Singhal (2005), there is increased awareness and recognition among managers, consultants and academicians that supply chain performance is increasingly important to business success. In other words, supply chain plays an important strategic role in the world economy and that firms are more dependent upon their supply chains networks in order to deliver value. Regrettably, there is also a point of vulnerability in the world economy which are subject to disruptions with significant consequences especially when the disruption comes suddenly, without warning, and with devastation. Handfield (2007) posit that the total set of risks to an organization is much broader. It includes hazard risk and operational risk. Hazard risks refer to weather disasters, equipment shutdown, or product liability, while operational risks include major disruptions such as theft, late supplier deliveries, and IT systems shutdowns and so on. For the purpose of this study, focus shall be placed on operational risk with specific focus on supply chain risk. Generally, supply chain operation is fundamental to the success of any organization. It is critical to a company’s ability to manage global operations, supply and demand volatility, the accelerated pace of new product and services introductions...
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...Global Pharmaceutical Industry: Conduct an external analysis Introduction The pharmaceutical industry is described by high levels of risky and lengthy R&D process, tough competition for intellectual property, tighter government regulations and powerful pressures on buying power. (Johnson, 2006) In 2011, several blockbuster drugs patent like Lipitor will expire, possibly endangering the revenues of the pharmaceutical industry for the next three to five years. On the global level, the historical supremacy of the US was being challenged with the highest market growth rates recorded in emerging markets. The industry more than ever need to get a handle on the slippery business by offering a true step change in strategy. This case study will critically analyse the Global Pharmaceutical Industry with PESTEL, Porter’s five forces, SWOT analysis and plausible views of industry in the future. PESTLE PESTLE analysis used to help organisation to understand in depth that what is the current status of the organisation and the external factors which are effecting. It also helps to the Management to make strategy for the future and overcome the weak areas of the organization. PESTLE is comprises of political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors. Political The both policies (domestic and foreign) of government have a great effect on the industry innovation as compare to the other factors. To get the attentions of firms due to increase the economic importance...
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