...Running head: Educational Technology ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! History of Educational Technology Sandra Aguirre EDU 352 Foundations of Educational Technology Elizabeth Forgione-Barkas ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! November 9, 2015 1 Running head: Educational Technology ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 Technology has changed from being an unimportant factor to becoming more central in all forms of teaching. The use of technology has been the process of learning through the past few years and will continue to grow. ! ! A chalkboard was introduced to the classroom in the 1900s. The invention of the blackboard had an enormous impact on classroom efficiency. Paper and ink were very expensive. The chalkboard was an economic way of showing the students examples and having the kids workout out problems without a waste. And even though it is on the wane and is no longer being used in the classrooms it was a great invention for many years. ! ! Another great tool is the overhead projector which was introduced in the 1970s. It allowed instructors to use reusable printed transparencies and notes written with pen ! while facing the audience. This way teachers could prepare notes and examples the night before on the transparencies and have them ready to present. This would save them time by not having to write everything and have the student waiting. The overhead projector is no longer being...
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...institutions have to make decisions about the allocation of limited funds among a number of programs. Academic library administrators need to be able to make a case to Ethelene Whitmire is Assistant Professor at the School of Library and Information Studies, University of Wisconsin (Madison), email: ewhitmire@facstaff.wisc.edu. &'%$$"# !¥£¨©§¤¥¦£¤¡¢ institutional decision makers and education policy makers in order to determine appropriate levels of funding and be able to make more informed decisions about the distribution of the allocations among a variety of academic library departments. According to the U.S. Department of Education, library operating expenditures, as a percent of total institutional expenditures for educational and general purposes, have steadily declined for twenty years (see table 1). With the decreasing amount of allocations to academic libraries, it is now more important than ever that academic library...
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...Albert Einstein. Educational technology is defined by the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) as "the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources."(Robinson,2007). Further, Educational technology is defined as “the process of integrating technology into education in a positive manner that promotes a more diverse learning environment and a way for students to learn how to use technology as well as their common assignments”. (Benjamin Herold, 2015) defines that “Anything that enhances classroom learning in the utilization of blended or online learning is considered as Education technology” and such technology encompasses Web based Education systems (e-learning, Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL), Internet-based training), Computer-Based Training (CBT), Information and communication technology (ICT) in education, Virtual education, Virtual learning environments (VLE) and Learning Management Systems (LMS). Each of these numerous terms has had its advocates, who point up potential distinctive features. (Moorea,2011). The use of...
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...Curriculum vs. Technology Education Technology and Emerging Media Professor Jacqueline Cahill March 16, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………....3 The Appropriate Steps to Take…………………………………………………………...…3-4 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….………4 References……………………………………………………………………………….………5 Critical Thinking Paper: Curriculum vs. Technology Introduction The emergence of technology has done more than change the way we communicate; it has helped students all over the country learn and provided them with an endless amount of knowledge at their fingertips. At one point the only technology being used in the classroom were the three to five desktop computers and the overhead projector. Now students are being introduced to and highly encouraged to use tablets in the classroom to help the teacher covey the information. “Equitable access to technologies and technical support are critical and directly influence what teachers and students accomplish” (Jenkins, 2006). This can however cause the focus to be on the technology itself rather than the curriculum. Some people feel that computers and technology are destroying literacy (Gardner, 2008), however I feel that moderation it the silver lining. The Appropriate Steps to Take I am not an educator and though I had the experience from my many years as a substitute teacher, I was not given the technology to use. However, I think that if I were an educator, I would make sure that incorporating technology in the...
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...Anthony Maston Technology is hindering students learning. Technology has been around for many years. Technology has made may advances in the history of technology. For an example the cell phone, computer, cars, and even television. The world we are getting into is more of technology based. We can see this because the world is making stuff like 3D televisions, smart cars, and even smart phones. This technology can hinder the students learning abilities in the educational system. It can hinder their thought process and they rely on technology more than they do their own personal ability. In theory it does not help the students in the long run, because the more they rely on technology the more they will not be able to go on ad live by themselves. Candace Gilmore and Charles Halcomb state that over the last ten years technology has been increasing in the classrooms dramatically. With the increasing technology teachers have to learn how to use them correctly and teach the students the same. “The fear that students will become lazy and rely on the technology at hand is not a big concern for many people” states Halcomb. The parents of the students see this as an opportunity to grow in their knowledge. What the parents do not know is that the students will come out to find the advantages of having technology and use it in the wrong way. They will slack off in class with texting, Facebook, and twitter. These few things are all apps on an iPod, iPhone, or any other smartphone. The...
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...Development in Educational Technology Oral communication One of the earliest means of formal teaching was oral – though human speech – although over time, technology has been increasingly used to facilitate or ‘back-up’ oral communication. In ancient times, stories, folklore, histories and news were transmitted and maintained through oral communication, making accurate memorization a critical skill, and the oral tradition is still the case in many aboriginal cultures. For the ancient Greeks, oratory and speech were the means by which people learned and passed on learning. Homer’s Iliad and the Odyssey were recitative poems, intended for public performance. To be learned, they had to be memorized by listening, not by reading, and transmitted by recitation, not by writing. Written communication The role of text or writing in education also has a long history. Even though Socrates is reported to have railed against the use of writing, written forms of communication make analytic, lengthy chains of reasoning and argument much more accessible, reproducible without distortion, and thus more open to analysis and critique than the transient nature of speech. The invention of the printing press in Europe in the 15th century was a truly disruptive technology, making written knowledge much more freely available, very much in the same way as the Internet has done today. As a result of the explosion of written documents resulting from the mechanization of printing, many more people in...
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...E-learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. E-learning is broadly inclusive of all forms of educational technology in learning and teaching. E-learning is inclusive of, and is broadly synonymous with multimedia learning, technology-enhanced learning (TEL), computer-based instruction (CBI), computer-based training (CBT), computer-assisted instruction or computer-aided instruction (CAI), internet-based training (IBT), web-based training (WBT), online education, virtual education, virtual learning environments (VLE) (which are also called learning platforms), m-learning, and digital educational collaboration. These alternative names emphasize a particular aspect, component or delivery method. E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and includes technology applications and processes such as audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD-ROM, and computer-based learning, as well as local intranet/extranet and web-based learning. Information and communication systems, whether free-standing or based on either local networks or the Internet in networked learning, underly many e-learning processes.[1] E-learning can occur in or out of the classroom. It can be self-paced, asynchronous learning or may be instructor-led, synchronous learning. E-learning is suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but it can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face...
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...1 Analysis of Three Instructional Design Models 2 Abstract Instructional design models provide for a systematic approach of implementing the instructional design process for a specific educational initiative (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004). This paper will briefly describe the purpose and what instructional models are followed by process of three selected models: (a) the Dick and Carey systems approach; (b) Morrison, Ross and Kemp model (also known as the Kemp model); and (c) the Three-Phase design (3PD) model. The process description for each model will serve as the foundation and supporting points required for comparing and contrasting process of the models. 1 Dick and Carey, Kemp, and Three-Phase Design models for Instructional Design Instructional design (ID) models can provide a systematic approach of implementing the instructional design process for specific educational initiatives (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004). Gustafson & Branch (1997) states that there is a wide variety of instructional design models describing the ID process created for different situations and settings (as cited in Gustafson & Branch, 2002b; Ryder, 2006). The purpose of the instructional design models offer both educational and training organizations design steps, management guidelines and teamwork collaboration options with designers, technicians and clients (Gustafson & Branch, 2002a). Specifically by definition, a model can be defined as “a way of doing something; an explicit representation...
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...observation and focused group discussion with East African Scholars on the use of Information and Computer Technology (ICT) in primary and secondary schools in East African Countries with a particular focus to understand the importance, impacts and barriers of ICT into classroom Instruction. The study explored internal and external factors that surround ICT issues, policies of ICT integration and factors that facilitate or impede the use of ICT, with the focus of improving the quality of teaching-learning process. The study reveals that the inhibiting factors are unrealistic policies of ICT, poor infrastructure, lack of teacher competence, confidence, incentive, perception and beliefs, imposed curriculum, lack of proper network, political instability, brain drain, sporadic electricity, poor transportation, lack of public awareness and participation, poor school leadership, technological illiteracy and lack of pedagogical skills. The study further revealed that ICT integration is far behind in East African Schools as a consequence of ICT deficiency, absence of pre-service and in-service teacher training and poor teachers’ welfare and morale. Eventually, the study concluded that ICT is crucial for anytime and anyplace learning to ensure economic growth and it highlighted the important issues for consideration and improvements. development of a nation in several aspects, such as educational development, economic growth, social awareness, cultural enrichment and political leadership. The use...
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...GENERIC FRAMEWORK BUSINESS DEFINITION: E-learning can be viewed as an innovative approach for delivering a well designed, learner-centred, interactive, and facilitated learning environment to anyone, anywhere, anytime by utilising the attributes and resources of various digital technologies along with other forms of learning materials suited for an open, flexible, and distributed learning environment. E – Learning is defined as acquisition of knowledge and skill using electronic technologies such as computer and Internet-based courseware and local and wide area networks. Broad definition of the field of using technology to deliver learning and training programs. Typically used to describe media such as CD-ROM, Internet, Intranet, wireless and mobile learning. Some include Knowledge Management as a form of e-learning. The term was introduced in 1995 when it was all called "Internet based Training", then "Web-based Training" (to clarify that delivery could be on the Inter- or Intra-net), then "Online Learning" and finally e-learning, adopting the in vogue use of "e" during the dot com boom. Types of e- learning There are fundamentally two types of e-learning: synchronous training and asynchronous training. Synchronous, means "at the same time," involves interaction of participants with an instructor via the Web in real time. Asynchronous, which means "not at the same time," allows the participant to complete the WBT at his own pace, without live interaction with...
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...Technology in Today’s Classrooms Technology in the classroom has changed tremendously in the last half century. In the last 50 years we have seen many different types of technology integrated into the classroom, including computers, interactive devices, and internet access. The integration of these technologies have not only been fast paced, but also widespread. Many children in the U.S. now have access to the latest and most advanced technologies. The different types of technology used in our children’s classrooms have changed the way they learn now and for many years to come. In today’s classrooms there are many different types of technologies used. Most classrooms today have computers with internet access. The internet is a tool to access learning websites, and maintain web pages and parent portal websites. Teachers can utilize these websites and computers to use Smart board, or interactive whiteboards and Smart tables, or interactive tabletops. “Interactive whiteboards have become popular teaching and learning tools, especially in primary school classrooms.” (Northolt, Millennial, Marshall, & Swan, 2010, p.494) Wireless internet access in schools has made the use of Ipods and Ipads popular in classrooms. These are just a few of the many technologies available in today’s classrooms. Many different people in the learning environment use technologies. Teachers make use of these technologies for instruction and communication. Smart boards and...
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...International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, Nov. 2013. ©IJAET ISSN: 22311963 THE MCKINSEY 7S MODEL FRAMEWORK FOR E-LEARNING SYSTEM READINESS ASSESSMENT Ali Abdul-Fattah Alshaher Lecture, Department of Management Information System, College of Administration and Economics, University of Mosul, Iraq. ABSTRACT These study it is necessary to can be used as a theoretical foundation upon which to base decision-making and strategic thinking about e-learning system. This paper proposes a new framework for assessing readiness of an organization to implement the e-learning system project on the basis of McKinsey 7S model using fuzzy logic analysis. The study considers 7 dimensions as approach to assessing the current situation of the organization prior to system implementation to identify weakness areas which may encounter the project with failure. Adopted was focus on Questionnaires and group interviews to specific data collection from three colleges in Mosul University in Iraq. This can be achieved success in building an e-learning system at the University of Mosul by readiness assessment according to the model of multidimensional based on the framework of 7S is selected by 23 factors, and thus can avoid failures or weaknesses facing the implementation process before the start of the project and a step towards enabling the administration to make decisions that achieve success in this area, as well as to avoid the high cost associated with the...
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...E-learning 1 E-learning E-learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. E-learning is broadly inclusive of all forms of educational technology in learning and teaching. E-learning is inclusive of, and is broadly synonymous with multimedia learning, technology-enhanced learning (TEL), computer-based instruction (CBI), computer-based training (CBT), computer-assisted instruction or computer-aided instruction (CAI), internet-based training (IBT), web-based training (WBT), online education, virtual education, virtual learning environments (VLE) (which are also called learning platforms), m-learning, and digital educational collaboration. These alternative names emphasize a particular aspect, component or delivery method. E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and includes technology applications and processes such as audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD-ROM, and computer-based learning, as well as local intranet/extranet and web-based learning. Information and communication systems, whether free-standing or based on either local networks or the Internet in networked learning, underly many e-learning processes.[1] E-learning can occur in or out of the classroom. It can be self-paced, asynchronous learning or may be instructor-led, synchronous learning. E-learning is suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but it can also be used...
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...communication technologies in education. It is broadly inclusive of all forms of educational technology in learning and teaching. Broadly synonymous with multimedia learning, technology enhanced learning, computer-based instruction and training, computer assisted instruction, internet-based environments (also called learning platforms), and digital educational collaboration. These alternative names emphasize a particular aspect, component or delivery method. Online studying includes several types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and includes technology applications and processes such as audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD-ROM, and computer-based learning, as well as local intranet/extranet and web-based learning. Information and communications system whether separate or based on either local networks or the internet in networked learning, underlie many e-learning processes. Online studying can occur in or out of the classroom. It can be self-paced, asynchronous learning or may be instructor-led, synchronous learning. It is suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but it can also be used in combination with face-to-face teaching, in which case the term blended learning is commonly used. It is commonly idea that new technologies make a big difference in education. Many proponents of believe that everyone must be outfitted with basic knowledge of technology, as well as use it as a vehicle for reaching educational goals. Online...
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...Re-Centering Academic Centers Abstract This paper argues that we have lost the original intent and power of an institutional Center. Theoretically, Centers use centralized resources to support people and projects core to the mission of the institution. Many Centers now are located external to the campus, where isolated directors pursue specialized interests. Thus, Centers, which serve the entire community, become marginalized. This paper provides a model to re-center academic Centers toward their original intent, through collaboration between specialized and generalized centers. The authors also suggest concrete steps to help examine, evaluate and create clear structures and communication for effective use of Centers in Higher Education. Introduction There seems to be an increase in institutional Centers around the world, which can be favorable, although it also has the potential to dilute the power of a centralized location and operation. To address this issue, this paper describes the idea of partnering Centers around a collaborative hub to offer more powerful opportunities in the context of resource utilization. It would appear that many institutions had originally used the word “Center” in association with typical mainstream definitions of center, which include a person, or group, or thing in the middle; to focus or bring together; to have as a main point, or theme. Others may perceive Centers as the ring around a bull’s eye, i.e., a potential target. Regardless, of...
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