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Edward Jenner

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Edward Jenner (1749 – 1823) * Born in Gloucester. * His father was a vicar. * At the age of 14 he took an apprenticeship with a local surgeon and then later studies medicine in London. * He returned back to his native town of Berkley to practice medicine. * Lady Montagu was contracted with smallpox after she married her husband who later became the British Ambassador in Turkey. * She witnessed the inoculation of smallpox when she was in Turkey. * Unlike Jenner’s theory; it contained a small amount of the disease itself which encouraged the antigens to fight it within the system. * Having suffered it herself (with the permanent devastation of having permanent scarring and loss of eyelashes) she encouraged her children to receive the treatment while they were in Turkey. * Jenner’s theory was created when he recognised the pattern in that milk maids that received cow pox did not suffer at all from smallpox. * He then took the puss from a milk maid’s blister and injected it into a young boy who was used as a test subject for this experiment. * The boy was called James Phipps. Jenner cut into Phipps’ skin and poured in the cowpox infection. The boy had a small fever but recovered. * Jenner then inserted the smallpox however Phipps’ remained healthy. * The two other subjects that were in the bed with Phipps also remained healthy. * Phipps being the son of a poor farmer was not paid to be the subject of this experiment but later on was rewarded with a free lease on a house. This was when Phipps married and had children. * Phipps later attended Jenner’s funeral. * Jenner used Phipps’ example to demonstrate his success on the vaccination. * It is called a vaccination because the word “vacca” in Latin means cow, therefore giving the credit to the cowpox that prevents the disease. * There is also a band called The Vaccines.

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