...Television and the Effects on a Childs reading ability Com/156 5-6-2012 Introduction According to the Leiden University of Leiden Netherlands, a two part survey was conducted in a three year stint. The survey was to establish to show the effects of television and a child’s reduction of his or her comprehension level. The survey was conducted in two parts, the first part was to show if the amount of time the children spent watching television would hinder their comprehension and the second part is to show what programs where watched when the children did watch television. The surprising thing was from both questions being answered, the one that made the most impact on the children was the time the children actually spent watching TV. Playing video games or doing anything in front of the television is time away from socializing with peers and family. Television and the Effects on a Childs reading ability The two part panel consisted of elementary children from second to fourth grade. These studies were conducted in a Dutch elementary school using 1050 students. The study was conducted to find out if television helped or harm children’s reading performance. THE amount of time spent watching TV The first part of the study was to understand if the amount of time children watched was effecting there reading or comprehension levels. The amount of time did have an effect on the children in a negative way. This statement automatically makes people...
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...THE VISUAL INVEIGLEMENT OF TELEVISION 1 The Visual Inveiglement of Television Stacey Goldsmith Liberty University ENGL 101-D06 Audry “Lynn” Mayberry Degree: Psychology Crisis Management Counseling, Minor in Military services (APA format) December 3, 2015 THE VISUAL INVEIGLEMENT OF TELEVISION 2 Abstract With the rapid decline of cultures moral conduct regarding thought, behavior, and along with physiological changes it leaves the looming question of why or who is responsible. Many would like to place blame on the content of television media. Clearly it provokes an interest to look at the affects that TV and media are playing. After all, the culture does seem to be headed towards a moral bankruptcy and an increasing obesity rate compared to fifty years ago. Such research conducted by Aric Sigman PH.D. in his book, Remotely Controlled, discusses these realities and brings to light the hidden truths of televisions and the effects it is taken on the moral downslide. THE VISUAL INVEIGLEMENT OF TELEVISION 3 The Visual Inveiglement of Television Television media is impacting the populace 24/7 in today’s world; there is no escaping its influence upon society and culture. There is a surging wave of change that is being created by this, and few seem to acknowledge...
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...PUPILS’ PERCEPTION OF CABLE TELEVISION PROGRAMMES AS DETERMINANT OF READING HABITS AND ATTITUDES IN UNIVERSITY STAFF SCHOOLS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA BY FLORENCE ADEOLA, OMOBA A proposal in the Department of ABADINA MEDIA RESOURCE CENTRE submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION * Background to the study * Statement of the problem * Objective of the study * Research questions and research hypothesis * Significance of the study * Scope of the study * Operational definition of terms REVIEW OF LITERATURE * Theoretical frame work * Empirical orientation * Reading habit * Reading attitude * Television * School libraries RESEARCH METHODOLOGY * Research design * Population and sampling technique * Research instrument * Validation and reliability of instruments * Data collection procedure * Data analysis REFERENCES APPENDIXES CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION John Walson, an appliance storeowner in a small town of Mahanoy, had difficulty selling television sets to local residents because reception in the area was poor. The problem seemed to be the location of the town in a valley and nearly 90 air miles from the Philadelphia television transmitters. Naturally, signals could not pass through mountains and clear reception was virtually impossible except on the ridges outside of town. It...
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...View of Self Television images are present for all of us in some way or form everyday of our lives. The article “Television Images: Exploring How They Affect People’s View of Self and Others” takes on an exploration of the details that form our views based on the images we watch. In a survey conducted by Graves in 1999 it revealed that children watch almost three hours of television per day (Alexandrin, 2009, p. 150). The article details that there are often both perceptions and misperceptions of ones views based on the content of television one watches. Images about others are often formed based on the idea on ones biases in the programs watched. The article uses race as one aspect of bias that is created from the television medium. In a sample of primetime television it found that the majority of television characters were 80 percent white and only 20 percent were of a different ethic culture (Alexandrin, 2009, p. 151). In television commercials the numbers were 86 percent white and 14 percent were of a different ethnic culture (Alexandrin, 2009, p. 151). The dichotomy of black Americans on television leads to two main characterizations: 1) educated and successful or 2) poor and criminal (Alexandrin, 2009, p. 151). This has shown to have an effect on children watching in the belief that there if a dominate positive model character is missing or invisible then the child will have a resultant low self esteem (Alexandrin, 2009, p. 151). In recent television the number of...
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...violence on television. In addition the question that is of paramount importance to this whole piece of investigative work is: • Are children more likely to imitate acts of violence or aggressive behavior because of what they have seen on television? A continuing debate between Broadcasters and Scientists is permanently ongoing and in spite of the accumulation of evidence between the links of viewing television violence and children’s behavior the debate goes on. Furthermore, media professionals would rather believe that television has no effects other than those intended, thousands of studies have pointed to casual relationships between television violence and real-life crime. In spite of numerous research studies, the perception continues that the effects of television violence are unclear, even contradictory. Moreover, blaming the media could be an easy option for some and can serve to divert attention from other causes or change going on in a child’s life, and so claims about the, “Effects of Television” could be massively exaggerated. This ongoing debate has inspired a great deal of research, one of the most well-known and publicized experiments was that of Albert Bandura’s Bobo doll studies, which are now widely regarded as early research classics in the field of psychology. I am going to discuss this experiment in greater detail within this project and hopefully link it with more recent research, my own research and observations...
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...week that parents spend in meaningful conversation with their children : 3.5 minutes / week. Number of minutes per week that the average child watches Television 1680 minutes (4 hours/day). 70% of day care centers use television during a typical day. Dietz WH, Strausburger VC & et al in 1991 study entitled “Children Adolescents and Television” revealed that – American children spend more time in front of TV than at any other activity, with the exception of sleep.8 The same research shows that American children spend an average of 2 & 1/2 to 4 hours per day watching television depending on their age. The amount of time spent by American youth in most investigations was around 3-5 hours /day.8 The Kaiser report found Children ages 8 to 18 spent an average of 7 hours and 38 minutes a day consuming media for fun, including TV, music, videogames and other content in 2009, according to a 2010 report from the Kaiser Family Foundation. The report was based on a survey of 2,002 third- through 12th-graders, 702 of whom completed a seven-day media use diary. That was up about an hour and 17 minutes a day from five years earlier. About two-thirds of 8- to 18-year-olds said they had no rules on the amount of time they spent watching TV, playing videogames or using the computer. A Pan-Asian workshop on “Children and Television” held in Sep 1991 in Indonesia reported data from Asia. According to a study conducted in Japan it was shown that the average viewing time varied with...
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...Television has bad effects on kids. First, wherever television becomes available for a number of hours a day, it dominates the leisure time of children. As the children have spent too much time on watching television, they will spent less time on exploring, playing and interacting with parents, friends and others. At age of children, time should be filled with activities that are beneficial for them such as reading books, interact with friends and family have been replace with spent watching television. Secondly, the television also will effect on the taste of the children. Means that, the children who often spent time on watching television will prefer more on adult programme. The negative consequences are they prefer the more violent type of adult programme, including the western, the adventure programme, and crime drama. Other than that, television also has its maximum psychological effect on children. A child with high violent behavior will probably make special use of the aggressive material he finds in a television programme. Many children tend to learn commit a crime by watching television. 1. LEARNING FROM TELEVISION- a good teacher can teach effectively by television. useful activities of education can be carried on by television.On the other hand, to the extent that teaching goes on by means of lecture and demonstration, then television has an unequalled ability to share the best teaching and the best demonstrations. It was found in Canada that children in a...
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...Abbey Ludwick Professor Guy Communications 1 1 December 2011 Media Violence: Television shows are part of the American culture. Unlike early times when a TV could only be afforded by the upper class and were seldomly tuned into, Americans today use TV as a main source of entertainment. The age group of people who watch TV encompasses all ends of the spectrum. TV programming exists for just about any age and genre. Television can be a powerful influence in developing a person’s value system and shaping their behavior. Unfortunately, much of today’s television programming is violent. The reliance on violence as an entertainment stimulant cheapens children’s views of human interaction, leads to aggressive behavior and fosters the acceptance of violence in our society. A young child who watches violent shows is unable to differentiate between fact and fiction. As a result they are inclined to imitate the acts they witness on TV and view them as acceptable means of behavior. Violence is a prevalent theme seen on children’s TV shows and this exposure starts at an early age. As former FCC commissioner Nicholas Johnson said in 1971, “All television is educational television. The only question is, what is it teaching?” (Johnson) If children are being exposed daily settings of TV at the age of one and what’s being depicted is violent then that child is beginning to understand the nature of violence at an early age. At such an early age, toddlers are not able to distinguish...
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...consequences of depicting violence on television with reference to effects theory As the development of economy and technology, there are many diverse forms of media in the digitized twenty-first century, including TV, radio, newspapers, and the Internet. Especially the television plays such a significant role in the lives of modern citizens nowadays. However, it may cause some negative aspects such as the television violence because children who watch violent television shows are more likely to commit crimes than those who do not (Marc, 2001). In this essay it will attempt to bring these claims into perspective and discuss critically that the consequences of depicting violence on television with reference to effects theory. The structure of the paper is as follows.How television violence affects children will be firstly presented according to the hypodermic needle theory. Subsequently, it will illustrate the impacts of depicting violence on TV by uses and gratifications theory and media cultivations theory under the conditions of media content and audience variables. Firstly, it is generally believed that television violence can result in the real violence and aggressive behaviour (Mcquail, 2005).Through statistic analysis, children can spend more time watching television which can reach twenty five hours per week than other activities (Violence on prime time broadcast TV 2001). Besides, a large number of violent programs are showed in television nowadays (Children and TV violence...
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...643419 ASSIGNMENT: A Report on Active Theory of Television Viewing Course: Jnr2223 INSTRUCTOR:Kioko Ireri, Ph.D. SUMMARY PURPOSE Delivered for the fulfillment of a Bachelors Degree in Mass media SCOPE: The Report covers the Active Viewing Theory, its contribution to understanding media effects on audiences documented challenges from research scholars. Presented To: Kioko Ireri, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Journalism & Mass Communication Patron, Journalism Club, Journalism Department United States International University-Africa. Introduction This theory finds its roots in Bandura’s 1977’s social learning theory which states that some prim aspects of television programming normally get and retain the attention of the viewers. It is therefore from here that Bandura suggested that once a child is exposed to the television programs, perceptive watching followed by an almost automatic attention and interpretation. This is a theory then that rests under media effects category. The many researchers who have put its hypothesis to research over the years have all tried to ascertain whether it is true indeed that viewers get directly involved with the media messages they consume from the media (Television) This theory however hasn’t really been accepted across by all media researchers as some have come out to question the perceived active television watching by the audiences saying that in reality television viewing as relates to the audience is more of...
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...The Effects of Western Cartoons on Children’s Behavior TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No * Title Page……………………………………………………………………I * Table of Contents…………………………………………………………..II * Acknowledgement………………………………………………………….III * Abstract ……………………………………………………………………. IV * CHAPTER I -Introduction…………………………………………………1 I.I Statement of Problem ……………………………………………………3 I.II Purpose of the study…………………………………………………… 4 I.III Need for the research……………………………………………………5 I.IV Design……………………………………………………………………..5 * CHAPTERII-II .Literature Review….................................................6 * CHAPTER III-Methodology……………………………………………… 9 III.I.Population and sampling……………………………………………… 9 III.II.Analysis plan……………………………………………………………9 III.III. Statistical Analysis……………………………………………………10 * CHAPTER IV-Results……………………………………………………….11 IV .I. Analysis of Results and discussion………………………………… 11 * CHAPTER V-Conclusions and recommendations…………………… 15 * References………………………………………………………………………16 * Appendix-I Questionnaire …………………………………………………… 17 Acknowledgment This research paper would not have been possible without the support and help of many people. First, I would like to thank Dr. Tharwat M. EL-Sakran who gave me permission and helped me in the research. I would like to express my appreciation to Writing Center members who looked closely at the research and offering suggestion for improvement. I express my...
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...The Effect of T.V. Cartoon Network on the Aggressive Behavior of Grade One Pupils in Brion-Silva Elementary School A Title Proposal Presented to DR. JOCELYN CASTILLO In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In EDUC 501 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY By: MELANNIE D. ARCENAS MAED-EM CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Background Introduction The environment in the twenty-first century is media rich. People of all ages are surrounded by media from morning until night. We hear it greet us on our alarm clocks or on the radio in our vehicles, see it on billboards outside or in magazines while waiting for the doctor, and view it using computers, playing gaming devices or when watching television. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents school going children to no more than 1 to 2 hours of quality educational television content per day, and that children under the age of two not be exposed to any type of television or screen time at all (Anderson & Pempek, 2005; AAP, 1995; Anderson et al., 2003). These limits are prescribed to allow for children’s developing minds to use imagination, explore the world and increase physical activity and interaction with family or friends (Funk, Brouwer, Curtiss & McBroom, 2009). However, parents and other adults seem to be taking this recommendation lightly. One of the largest national studies of preschool-aged media effects, the Kaiser Family Report (2003), showed that the use...
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...seeks to explore the effects of these crime programs on people and to explore “people’s ‘’ perception of crime programs on Pakistani tv channels. The study demonstrates the effects of these crime programs on general public of the society. The study seeks to know either these crime programs promote awareness in the people about these crimes in the society or people’s perception changed psychologically after watching these crime programs. The study was carried out to find out the actual findings regarding the research questions. The media today controls our society completely. Information from across the world can be obtained instantly through radio, TV, newspapers, the internet, and many other forms of communication. An easy access to such powerful means of communication may have positive as well as negative effects on the general public. There is strong association between perceptions of media messages and its observed behavior. Television is responsible for the increase in childhood violence, alter personality development, stereotyping, language improvement and also somewhat generate many problems. Once upon a time TV was considered to be great educator especially for those who were economically underprivileged, but today television is teaching us that violence is accepted, anything shown attractive( apart from reality) is correct and ethical. People have become desensitized concerning the value of human life by watching these crime programmes. Television has led to the moral...
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...Spring 2003 TV Violence Since the advent of television, the effect of TV violence on society has been widely studied and vigorously debated. Based on the cumulative evidence of studies conducted over several decades, the scientific and public health communities overwhelmingly conclude that viewing violence poses a harmful risk to children. Critics of the research challenge this conclusion and dispute claims that exposure to TV violence leads to real-life aggression. As we move into the digital era with enhanced images and sound, media violence will undoubtedly continue to be a focus of public concern and scientific research. Prevalence of Violence on TV The National Television Violence Study is the largest content analysis undertaken to date. It analyzed programming over three consecutive TV seasons from 1994 to 1997.1 Among the findings: • Nearly 2 out of 3 TV programs contained some violence,2 averaging about 6 violent acts per hour.3 • Fewer than 5% of these programs featured an anti-violence theme or prosocial message emphasizing alternatives to or consequences of violence.4 • Violence was found to be more prevalent in children’s programming (69%) than in other types of programming (57%). In a typical hour of programming, children’s shows featured more than twice as many violent incidents (14) than other types of programming (6).5 • The average child who watches 2 hours of cartoons a day may see nearly 10,000 violent incidents each year, of which the researchers estimate...
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...Research Method in Communication The effect of sexual scene in EX movie to Dasein and TAR college student from age 18 to 24 Lim Bee Yee DMC 102- 054 Suzie Lagis 1 August 2011 Content 1. Introduction 3 2. Background to Research 3 3. Problem Statement 4 4. Research Objective 4 5. Research Question 4-5 6. Significance of Research/ Contribution to the Body of Knowledge 5 7. Literature Review 6-8 8. Methodology 8-9 9. Finding 9-19 10. Discussion 19-20 11. Conclusion ...
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