...(using value-added pupil attainment scores as indicators of schools‟ overall academic effectiveness) , which builds on and extends a four-year longitudinal research study (Day et al, 2006). The study sought to identify key factors that contribute to effective teaching and pupil outcomes in primary and secondary phases of schooling in a sample of 83 effective teachers (45 primary and 38 secondary), 39 school leaders, and approximately 3000 pupils from 39 schools in England. The project had three main aims: (1) To describe, analyse and explain the variation in primary and secondary school teachers‟ classroom behaviours and practice using two different observational instruments, detailed field notes and pupil and teachers‟ perceptions, focusing on English and mathematics teaching; (2) To explore typical and more effective classroom practice of teachers in Years 2, 6 and 9, across different school contexts, professional life phases and ages in relation to observation of practice and professional, situated and/or personal factors which are perceived to affect observed practice over time; and, (3) To draw out implications from the findings of (1) and (2)above for policymakers concerned with raising standards, for schools and for teacher development. Data were collected via extended case studies of teachers identified as of theoretical interest from the VITAE research. One group is defined as more effective, those whose pupils have consistently performed above the expected level given...
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...Learning Styles Journal 3 Why Students Matter The effective teachers are perceived to be fully equipped naturally and professionally to lead their students to success in competitive standardized tests, as well as inculcate in them, values that would make them exhibit behaviors that are generally desirable and acceptable. On the other hand, the ineffective teachers do not care about the success of their students in examinations and in some cases students who pass through such teachers, especially in terms of emulating their life styles, tend to exhibit behaviors that are detestable by the society Teacher effectiveness influences students’ academic performance. It is not however, very easy to investigate the area of effectiveness in teaching because many hold the view that the concept has. Even, from among those who hold the views that teacher quality should be assessed by student outcomes however, arguments could be made for an emphasis on different types of student outcomes. Teacher quality can be gauged by short- term outcomes such as students’ performance on state standardized tests at the end of the period prescribed for a given academic programs. Long-term outcomes may be much more difficult to measure but some might argue that the best teachers are those who somehow improve students’ educational trajectories in some important ways. In other words, teacher quality is multi-dimensional and complex in nature and can be measured. Perkins (1974) said that, there...
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...The Effectiveness of Explicit Instruction Abstract Much research and debate has taken place on the subject of effective classroom instruction. Whether we should be teach direct instruction-teacher centered; indirect instruction-student centered; interactive instruction-interactive student centered learning; independent instruction-individual paced student centered e.g. distant learning; explicit instruction- “structured, systematic, and effective methodology for teaching academic skills” (Archer 1). Reaching our students effectively so that they can achieve higher learning and retention of subjects taught. With the rise of standardized testing in the American Education System, it is necessary to address whether certain teaching methods of instruction are effective than others. This review seeks to outline the debatable topics covering the effectiveness of explicit instruction in classrooms that have been researched in the past as well as the results. The Effectiveness of Explicit Instruction A Review of the Literature Teacher’s effectiveness to help students perform well and the instruction they use has been discussed and analyzed over the years. Which type of instruction is best for student achievement and retention of information? Looking at the effectiveness of explicit instruction to understand if it is going to help teachers get the biggest bang for their buck. Rosenshine (1987) described this form of instruction as “a systematic method of teaching with...
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...EFFECTIVENESS OF HOMEWORK; IN TEACHING AND LEARNING IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA. Homework is such a stress! Teachers, pupils and parents often make this statement. Considering homework as part of schooling, it is fascinating how much everybody finds it stressful and uncomfortable. Except for the occasional projects, primary school pupils in Kenya, from pre- school, lower primary and upper classes, think of homework as boring, repetitative and a waste of their leisure, T.V, story, movie and playtime. In addition, for some it prevents them from exploring and discovering new stuff. For them homework, is an obstacle and not part of learning. The teachers also continuously complain about the coverage of the extensive Kenyan syllabus in relation to the time they spend on checking, marking, correcting and grading homework. On the other hand, parents consider the duty of supervising homework as a burden; an alternate between household chores and fury mixed with tears. If pupils cannot stand it, teachers do not like marking and parents do not like standing over their children, why do we still want to stress on its ultimate effectiveness in teaching and learning in primary schools? The primary school pupils may not always view homework as a pleasant experience, but if the assignment serves, a good purpose and parents are involved in reinforcing the completion of the tasks, and then homework becomes an effective tool in learning and teaching. Pupils in turn benefit by gaining high grades...
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...istockphoto Evaluating Teacher Effectiveness How Teacher Performance Assessments Can Measure and Improve Teaching Linda Darling-Hammond October 2010 w w w.americanprogress.org Evaluating Teacher Effectiveness How Teacher Performance Assessments Can Measure and Improve Teaching Linda Darling-Hammond October 2010 Contents 1 Introduction and Summary 5 Why performance assessments are needed 7 National Board Certification 9 Assessment of beginning teachers 11 Prospects for a national system of Teacher Performance Assessments 12 How performance assessments can help teachers improve their practice 17 Improving preparation through the use of performance assessments 22 Policy recommendations and conclusion Introduction and Summary Parents, practitioners, and policymakers agree that the key to improving public education in America is placing highly skilled and effective teachers in all classrooms. Yet the nation still lacks a practical set of standards and assessments that can guarantee that teachers, particularly new teachers, are well prepared and ready to teach. This report discusses a promising approach to the question of how to measure teacher effectiveness. Specifically, it describes the ways in which assessments of teacher performance for licensing and certification can both reflect and predict teachers’ success with children so that they can not only inform personnel decisions, but also...
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...Teaching Strategies NUR 588 August 5, 2012 Kelly Martin, Facilitator Teaching Strategies Nursing education is a key component to keep nursing practice relevant to the health needs and also to the expectations of society. Nurses provide an essential part of health care in most health care setting. Education, training, and experience are constantly changing and enhancing learning for students, enriching lives with knowledge. Educators have an important role in learning. They have to keep up with developments in the specific specialties, literatures, and the practice. They are responsible to educate new, and experience nurses, and students, and therefore have to master education. The goal of education is to instill in learners the academic and moral knowledge that should constitute those ‘essential things that a mature adult needs to know in order to be a productive member of society’ (Cowles, Strickland, Rodgers & Beth, 2001). Developing curriculum objectives is an important task, and it should be seen as an ongoing process. It is an essential process for the educational goals to be successful. Systematic approach is important when developing curriculum for students, and health care professionals. Different components should be carefully reviewed, and considered: staff, students, community needs, and readiness. It is important to specifics of the institution and involves the key subject in the process of education. Objective ...
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...……………………………………………………………………………….…..……… 12 References …………………………………………………………………...……………..……… 16 Acknowledgement We would like to thank Dr. Deepa Sethi, Assistant Professor for providing us with the opportunity to work on this project. Her support and guidance at every stage was highly instrumental in our progress. We would also like to thank Ms.Shindya, Teaching Assistant for scheduling meetings with Prof. Deepa The resources available from our library were extremely useful for our literature study. Most importantly, we thank the students for their time and co-operation in filling our survey Executive Summary The effectiveness of PowerPoint as a teaching aid was observed since its introduction in 1997. In the initial years, the response from the students was highly positive. This could be acknowledged from the higher grades, increase in attendance and reduction in disruptive behaviour, when compared to other mediums like the blackboard and transparent overheads. But, there was also a study which showed that the students’ performance depended on the difficulty of the lecture and not on the medium of teaching. Still, the positive...
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...hoolHow High School Students Perceive Effective Teachers Jerome G. Delaney Faculty of Education Memorial University of Newfoundland Abstract Traditionally high school students have not been given many opportunities to offer their insights and comments on education and schooling. This paper reports on a study which asked students to list the top five characteristics of effective teachers. Their perceptions are congruent with the literature and one of the several conclusions is that teachers, administrators and other stakeholders in education should pay attention to what students have to say about the characteristics of effective teachers. There appears to be a dearth of information regarding high school students’ perceptions of the characteristics of effective teachers. In fact, according to SooHoo (1993). Somehow educators have forgotten the important connection between teachers and students. We listen to outside experts to inform us, and, consequently, we overlook the treasure in our very own backyards: our students. Student perceptions are valuable to our practice because they are authentic sources; they personally experience our classrooms first hand. . . As teachers, we need to find ways to continually seek out these silent voices because they can teach us so much about learning and learners. (p. 389) Providing teachers with feedback about their teaching, whether it be from colleagues, administrators or students, is an important aspect of school improvement. Rudduck, Chaplain...
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...EFFECTIVENESS OF PEER TUTORING IN THE PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED GRADE 7 STUDENTS IN ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA IN SAINT MICHAEL’S COLLEGE OF LAGUNA S.Y. 2012-2013 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND The teaching of Mathematics is enjoyable. This is true when the performance of the students is satisfactory or better. Otherwise, it is frustrating. Based from quizzes and examinations, it is observed that students have poor performance which may be due to weak foundation. Students have no mastery of on the basic skill needed in solving like integers, whole numbers, decimals and fractions. According to Smith (1989), some educators have proposed that an overhaul of the entire mathematics curriculum might be needed to improve skills. There are various techniques that are trying to improve those weak foundations. One good example of that is the peer tutoring. Peer tutoring offers a less intrusive solution also it is helping students to perform better in understanding and grasping concepts, develop computational skills and their moral and social values most especially to freely expresses their ideas. However, according to Lerner (1993), a well-designed peer tutoring program provides directed repetition, regular review, and functional practice to over learn skills, operations, and concepts. Each of these areas is important to the development of mathematical skills of students. Basically, peer tutoring is an instructional strategy that consists of pairing students...
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...confused and didn't know which appropriate method should be used. The proponent wondered if the academic performance of the students will improve through the use of Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in the topic, Factoring Polynomials in Mathematics Grade 8. This tool of teaching, if properly done, has been proven to encourage students to understand more of the lesson independently and with less teachers’ guidance. The proponent also patterned the activities from the K to 12 curriculum while transforming the learning process into an enjoyable reading, problem solving experience and make an impact to their academic performance. Review of Related Literature Intervention has become an important way for teachers to ensure that all students succeed in today’s high stakes testing environment. Intervention is needed by those low performing students who find it hard to cope-up with the bulk of knowledge presented to them inside the classroom instruction. SIM refers to teaching aid which stimulate students’ learning activities which help them increase the level of understanding and skills on the lesson. It also helps master a skill which they were not able to develop during regular classroom teaching. The SIM enables direct intervention by the teacher....
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...TOPIC: ENHANCING TEACHERS EFFECTIVENESS Developing nations generally spend a fairly large component of their national budgets on education. Of that, a large proportion is spent on paying up teachers’ salaries. In Indian States, the share of teacher salaries in elementary education expenditure is estimated, on an average, to be 97 per cent (World Bank 1996). In the prevailing economic crisis world over, most developing nations are forced to contain their public expenditure. Given this scenario, it is unlikely that most developing nations will be able to increase their educational budgets in the future. This leaves very little hope for any increase in the expenditure on teachers’ salaries, teacher numbers. At the same time, the requirement of teachers is going up. Several conditions are continuously impacting on the need for primary teachers e. g., increasing enrolments, retiring teachers etc. Notwithstanding the scarcity of funds to appoint additional teachers needed, any quality improvement will be only possible through more efficient use of the available resources – both human and physical. Teachers are the most important human resource in any educational programme. Therefore, the real challenge is to enhance teacher effectiveness without increasing costs. TEACHER’S EFFECTIVENESS To define and measure teacher effectiveness is a difficult task. To put it simply, one may say that what students learn is the basic “output” of schooling; the more students learn...
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...Effective Reading Instruction Strategies for Students with Significant Cognitive Disabilities April Scruggs scruggs_am@students.lynchburg.edu Graduate Student – Lynchburg College SPED 644 – Academic Instruction Reading is the cornerstone of instruction for all students regardless of their ability level because it sets the foundation for future progress and success in virtually all other facets of life (Kliewer & Landis, 1999). Recent legislation and research has suggested that we should be more successful in teaching every student to read (Brower, Wakeman, Spooner, Ahlgrim-Delzell, & Algozzine, 2006). There are various strategies that educators use to teach reading in a typical classroom setting. However, these strategies are not always the same in special education classrooms, especially in terms of teaching students with significant cognitive disabilities. Browder et al. (2006) defined students with significant cognitive disabilities as students classified as having moderate or severe mental retardation, who may have additional disabilities such as autism or physical disabilities. Individuals with severe cognitive disabilities may use nonlinguistic communication … and exhibit learning characteristics that require greater time to learn and intensive forms of instructional support (p.392). As shown by Katims (2000), reading instruction has been viewed in a variety of different ways for students with significant or severe...
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...Article Review #2: Sharing learning through narrative communication Carol D. Fisher Dr. Claudia Rosenberg Adult Learning Theory – EDU 500 Strayer University June 10, 2012 Abstract This paper will discuss the need for quality teachers in adult education. It will also discuss five priority areas where improvements are needed to accomplish the goal of developing these teachers. Improving Adult Education Teacher Effectiveness: A Call to Action for a New Credential Introduction Helping adults to learn requires a targeted set of skills. The success of an adult education program depends for the most part on the teacher. The stakes for adult learners are higher than they have ever been and as a result they must meet the needs of the higher standards so that they could be better prepared for today’s workforce. To address these concerns a joint committee was formed and five key areas have been identified that will help teacher effectiveness. In recent years there has been an increasing struggle to meet the challenge of preparing adult learners to gain employment with today’s new technology. There has been an alarming study that has forecasted workers retiring within the next twenty years will be replaced workers who have lower levels of skills and education (Hess, McLendon, & Moore, 2012). In “A Call to Action” it was determined that in order to counter these trends, the adult education system must make needed improvements. Two national organizations have...
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... 3. Give disadvantages of teacher evaluation 1. What is teacher evaluation It is a process of vetting teachers to maintain teaching standards. It also refers to the formal process a school used to review and rate teachers’ performance and effectiveness in the classroom. It can also be defined as collecting and using information to judge. The two main types of evaluation are formative and summative. The former is used to improve instruction and foster teachers’ growth, while the latter is a tool used to make administrative decisions and guide employment of teachers. The findings from those evaluations are used to provide feedback to teachers and guide their professional development. Traditionally the evaluation of teacher solely relied on classroom observation. It was done by principals or school administrators; using checklists. Other factors taken into consideration included students’ performance, teachers’ records and lesson plans. The public viewed evaluation as a major problem in the school system. With time therefore, new trends have come up in teacher evaluation. This evaluation has undergone significant changes in recent years. This is due to a wave of research on teacher quality, political pressure to eliminate poorly performing teachers from the system, and interests in improving teacher effectiveness. Methods used in the past were: i. Classroom observation ii. Measurement tests of teacher characteristics iii. Student achievement test...
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...I. The Power of an Effective Teacher and Why We Should Assess It This is the value of the teacher, who looks at a face and says there's something behind that and I want to reach that person, I want to influence that person, I want to encourage that person, I want to enrich, I want to call out that person who is behind that face, behind that colour, behind that language, behind that tradition, behind that culture. I believe you can do it. I know what was done for me. The transformative power of an effective teacher is something almost all of us have experienced and understand on a personal level. If we were particularly fortunate, we had numerous exceptional teachers who made school an exciting and interesting place. Those teachers possessed a passion for the subjects that they taught and genuine care for the students with whom they worked. They inspired us to play with ideas, think deeply about the subject matter, take on more challenging work, and even pursue careers in a particular field of study. Some exceptional teachers achieve celebrity status, such as Jaime Escalante, the math teacher who inspired the film Stand and Deliver, but thousands of unsung heroes go unrecognized in their remarkable work with students on a daily basis. II. Qualities of an Effective teacher Think back to when you were in school. Who was your favourite teacher? Who was the teacher you dreaded having? Almost everyone will instantly be able to answer these two questions. We’ve all had terrific...
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