...PUBLIC RELATIONS AND ITS EFFECTS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PUBLICS: A CASE STUDY OF MOI TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL LIVINGSTONE WERE MUNYWELE MOI UNIVERSITY, KENYA DECLARATION Declaration by the candidate This research project is my original work and has not been presented to any other examination body. No part of this research project should be produced without my consent or that of the Kenya Institute of Management. Livingstone Were Munywele Signature……Livingstone Were Munywele……………………… Date………… i ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Without the help and support of the Kenya Institute of Management, I could not have completed this project. I wish to express my gratitude to the supervisor, Mr. Joseph Lelan for his time and support through the study. I also thank him for encouraging me to develop a new area of study. I must also thank my friends and colleagues in the institute, who made me, sit down and finally produce a text after months of collecting materials and thoughts in files and boxes: Irene Nasimiyu, Eunice Focus and Helen Wafula. I would also like to thank the PR manager for allowing me to test new ideas with top managers at their organization. In addition, I thank my many colleagues in the office of the president where I have been honored to work for the last two years. I cannot imagine ever having a letter team in place to work on a project like this. The reviewers who helped me to make the project fully complete also deserve special thanks for...
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...1 THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING CUSTOMERS’ SATI STATION (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN AIRWAYS ENUGU ) 2 THE IMPACT OF NEWS COMMENTARIES ON RADIO LISTENERS (A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL RADIO CORPORATION OF NIGERIA ENUGU) 3 HAZARDS OF JOURNALISM PROFESSION UNDER MILITARY REGIME (FROM 1993 – 1998) 4 MASS MEDIA COVERAGE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT NEWS. A CONTENT ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE GUARDIAN, DAILY CHAMPION, PUNCH AND DAILY STAR NEWSPAPERS. 5 THE ROLE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN ACHIEVING COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY IN NIGERIA 6 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE CHANGING ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN NIGERIA A DISCOURSE ON THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND MEDIA DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA 7 THE ROLE OF THE BROADCASTING MEDIA IN UPLIFTING THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF ENUGU STATE. (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU METROPOLIS ) 8 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON “THE IMPORTANCE OF PIDGIN ENGLISH IN BROADCASTING” (A CASE STUDY OF THE ESBS ENUGU 9 THE IMPACT OF TESTIMONIAL USE ON ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS (A CASE STUDY OF KANU NWANKWO IN PEAR MILK ADVERTISMENT) 10 AN A****SMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF TELEVISION PROGRAMMES ON YOUTHS. (A CASE STUDY OF CAMPUS CIRCUIT ON MINAJ BROADCAST INTERNATIONAL) 11 THE ROLE OF RADIO IN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA) 12 THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION IN A GOVERNMENT PERASTATTALS 13 THE ROLE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ENHANCING CUSTOMERS SATISFACTION IN A GOVERNMENT PERASTATTALS 14 THE ROLE OF...
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...Public Relations Priscilla A. Gillespie MKT/438 September 5, 2011 Ricco Rizzo Public Relations Throughout history public relations many definitions are changing. Historian Daniel J. Boorstin is quoted as saying, "Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some hire public relations officers," Public relations is an art and involves careful consideration and creativity on the part of the public relations representative. The job of any good PR rep is to communication a message to the public the organization represented wants to convey. This paper will (a) introduce and examine three definitions of public relations, (b) introduce a newly constructed definition of public relations, and (c) compare and contrast definitions of public relations. Three definitions of Public Relations Two-Way Communication The first definition comes from The Practice of Public Relation, Tenth Edition. According to Seital (2007), “Public relations is a planned process to influence public opinion, through sound character and proper performance, based on mutually satisfactory two-way communication” (p. 4). The first aspect of this definition says, “Planned.” The act of public relations is a deliberate process planned by an organization. The next aspect of this definition is, “Process to influence.” The process to influence means to have an effect. The framework of public relations is to have an influence or an effect on the public. The next aspect of this definition is “two-way communication...
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...Public Administrators and the Media Paper Public Administrators and the Media Paper This is a press release from a local news press article regarding the West Nile Virus the press release was on July 27, 2012 from the Department Of Health informing the public that the West Nile Virus has become a health problem in Columbus, Oh, once again. The news press advised people of Columbus in many ways how to prevent the bites of mosquitoes, how to stop the breeding of the mosquitoes, how to prevent breeding, who to contact once bitten or contract the virus. The press release is informative the press release gives notice of the situation regarding the mosquito problem. The press release identifies the main points and key points of the virus and whom it will affect. This also informs the public of the pros and cons of public relations. The information was widely spread throughout Columbus quickly by the use of each news station, the Internet, and by newspaper. The key interest groups were the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Columbus Health Department, and the public. The center for disease control is one of the interest groups because reporting the infectious disease spreading throughout society is their responsibility. Center for disease control organization is for saving, protecting lives, and to prevent the spread of the West Nile Virus. The public is the other interest groups regarding the West Nile Virus also the Health Department is an interest group...
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...Because public relations has roots in journalism and many of its practitioners were once journalists, there is an unfortunate tendency to apply journalism standards to public relations. It is, however, misguided and unfair to both professions. Despite using similar skills, the two fields are fundamentally different and seek different ends. Their ethical standards are also very different. That should not be interpretted as meaning that one of them is better than or worse than the other; they're just different, and it is important to understand those differences. PR and journalism have some similarities, but . . . The Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ), the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), and the International Association of Business Communicators (IABC) ethical guidelines all agree about the importance and value of such key concepts as truth, accuracy, fairness, human rights, freedom of speech, and democratic principles. But, that can be somewhat misleading. The underlying differences between public relations and journalism are far more basic and far more critical than these similarities in what they value. According to their own professional codes and standards, there are fundamental differences in whom they represent and whose well-being they most directly serve. DIFFERENCES!!! Journalism serves the general public, and journalists are expected to act in the public's best interests even if such actions have detrimental effects on their employers. ...
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...drank, ran aground on a reef 25 miles southwest of the port of Valdez. The results caused a spill of 250,000 barrels, the largest spill ever in North America. The devastating results affects, 1,300 square miles of water, damaging some 600 miles of coastline and murdering as many as 4,000 Alaskan sea otters. The disaster also enshrined the name of Exxon in the all-time Public Relations Hall of Shame. (Seitel, 2000). According to the book, Exxon’s dilemma broke down into five categories. First was the hesitation of Mr. Rawl if he is going directly and personally to Alaska. In an interview Mr. Rawl has said, “We had concluded that there was simply too much for me to coordinate from New York. It wouldn’t have made any difference if I showed up and made a speech in the town forum. I wasn’t going to spend the summer there; I had other things to do”. Secondly, Exxon failed to establish media control. Exxon, wanted to take charge of the news flow and give the public, through the news media, a credible, concerned, and wholly committed corporate response. One of the few things that I starting to learn about Public Relations, is anticipating the problem before it occurs. This is one of the dilemmas that Exxon...
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...CHAPTER 16 ADVERTISING, SALES PROMOTION, AND PUBLIC RELATIONS |I. |LOOKING AHEAD: PREVIEWING THE CONCEPTS | | | | | | | |II. |ADVERTISING | | | | | | | |A. |Setting Advertising Objectives | | | | | | | |1. |Informative advertising | |2. |Persuasive advertising ...
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...drank, ran aground on a reef 25 miles southwest of the port of Valdez. The results caused a spill of 250,000 barrels, the largest spill ever in North America. The devastating results affects, 1,300 square miles of water, damaging some 600 miles of coastline and murdering as many as 4,000 Alaskan sea otters. The disaster also enshrined the name of Exxon in the all-time Public Relations Hall of Shame. (Seitel, 2000). According to the book, Exxon’s dilemma broke down into five categories. First was the hesitation of Mr. Rawl if he is going directly and personally to Alaska. In an interview Mr. Rawl has said, “We had concluded that there was simply too much for me to coordinate from New York. It wouldn’t have made any difference if I showed up and made a speech in the town forum. I wasn’t going to spend the summer there; I had other things to do”. Secondly, Exxon failed to establish media control. Exxon, wanted to take charge of the news flow and give the public, through the news media, a credible, concerned, and wholly committed corporate response. One of the few things that I starting to learn about Public Relations, is anticipating the problem before it occurs. This is one of the dilemmas that Exxon Corporation had faced. Mr. Rawl...
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...additional recommendations you would make to improve the effectiveness of that communication. A: Summary: A communication strategy involves the formulation of a desired position for the organization in terms of how it wants to be seen by its different stakeholder groups. The content of a communication strategy is influenced by the process by which it is formed and by the different individuals and layers in the organization who have had a stake in it (Cornelissen, 2014). When an incident arises that has the possibility of attracting public or media attention, it is important for an organization to be prepared in regards to their stance regarding the issue. For the purposes of this exercise, an example will be referenced regarding a press release from Whole Foods Market. This combination style external communication is a well-written example of an informative as well as a persuasive communication strategy that addresses the termination of business relations with an overseas contracted supply company, NatureCo. In this simulated scenario, NatureCo has been revealed as an organization that is not providing a safe working environment or reasonable work hours for its employees. The document has a target audience of the communities in which it operates, along with the...
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...Public relations and advertising is often considered the same thing and not many people are aware of the differences. They carry different definitions and have completely different goals and effect. This essay will discuss the various definitions of advertising and public relations, and examine the relationships and differences between them. Different perspectives result in different definitions of public relation and advertising. PRSA (2002) defined public relations as “a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organization’s and their publics”. However, this definition is limited since intercultural or international public relations are not included. Similarly, Cohen’s (2011) definition illustrated public relations as “the art and science of influencing public opinion through communications”. It is the most important aspect of an organization as it frames the organisation’s image, reputation and brand perception. The definition of advertising by Bovee and Arens (1992 p. 7) claims that advertising is communicated through paid persuasive information about the product or services identified by the company using different media. However, Humorist Stephen Leacock had a different perspective and described it as “the science of arresting the human intelligence long enough to get money from it”. Grunig’s models examine the difference between public relation and advertising. He states that advertising is a one way communication, hence...
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...UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION PUBLIC RELATIONS AND CONSENSUS BUILDING: An Appraisal of the Public Communication Programmes for the Nigerian Downstream Petroleum Sector Reforms – 2000 to 2010 BY YUSUF MU’AZU I.D. NO. PGA/09/06230 Being a Non-Thesis Based Seminar presented to the Department of Mass Communication in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) December, 2010. ABSTRACT This study seeks an understanding of the role of public relations in building consensus on reforms and engendering public acceptance of government policies. The study attempts to achieve this through an assessment of the public communication programmes for the Nigerian downstream petroleum sector reform being executed by the Federal Government. The study established that there is a nexus between public relations, consensus building and reform success, as demonstrated in a number of countries that have had successful reforms. In the case of Nigerian, the study revealed that absence of strategic communication in the design and implementation of reforms has occasioned poor understanding of some of the reforms leading to lack of consensus and eventual failure of the reforms. The study recommends an effective communication programming for the deregulation of the Nigerian downstream oil sector, which must be based on sound opinion research and analysis, coordinated across Ministries and relevant...
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...Name Surname Instructor's Name Course Due Date Public Relation Public relation is maintaining of a professional image to the public. This is when a company or an organization acts in a favorable manner to the public to create a good image. Public relation is a crucial aspect used by businesses in marketing. For this reason it has become the interest in most companies and organizations for it to be measured in statistics. This paper will analyze and give reactions that statistics have on public relation. True experiment done out of a sample population is best in giving a relationship between variable of interest. When this is assumed in public relation, it can have a great effect on the confidence of the findings. The reaction in this is, to give a conclusive statistical outcome on variables of interest, the relationship that connect the variables should be kept in mind. Incase inferential reasoning is used, the dependent variable and independent variables are used, the researcher ought to form a hypothesis that will give a relationship between the two variables. Computer analysis done at a given time can mislead on the actual status of the market on public relation. With the dynamic environment a researcher cannot rely on the computer data which is back dated, the researcher needs to go to the grassroots level and collect data on how the public relates to the given variables currently. This should be done often. By so doing, the statistical significance is increased...
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...Research and evaluation go hand-in-hand as key features that contribute to any successful public relations efforts. Without them, public relations plans and activities would have no clear direction or guidance as to how to speak to their intended audiences. With the increase in organisations seeking justification for their PR spend; it is even more important for practitioners to demonstrate return on their investment through their own evaluation. Effective primary and secondary research, along with a commitment to ongoing evaluation is crucial to any public relations plan. It is important that both research and evaluation are always undertaken as it will ultimately provide a solid foundation and help to ensure the campaign is continually evolving, increasing the chances of its success. Research, an essential tool for any public relations campaign, assists with the gathering of information and opinions, contributing to the strategic plans ability to increase its efficiency, establish realistic goals and target the right market. With the main purpose of research being to find answers to the questions being asked, it enables the public relations practitioner to build theories that will assist in solving the problems they will face. Harold D. Lasswell, a political scientist, explained the questions every practitioner should ask, ‘who says what, to whom, how, with what effect’ (Lindenmann 2006, p. 3). If a practitioner can find answers to these questions, they will be in a better...
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...introduction of new media, in particular the explosion of social media. This has not only changed how people interact and communicate with each other, it has also had a massive effect on how consumers interact with organisations and businesses. With this in mind, public relations practitioners must now consider how to engage their audience whilst embracing social media as part of an integrated public relations strategy. The term “social media” commonly refers to online social networking sites and blogs and has been proclaimed as leading a universal change that allows instantaneous worldwide, connected communication (Weaver Lariscy et al., 2009, p.314). Where traditional public relations methods such as press releases and statements, can be viewed as being structured and more of a scripted and guarded approach (Anonymous, 2010, p.1), social media has the ability to facilitate a more open engagement method tailored for the target audience, which can be effectively implemented within a multi faceted approach to gain rapid momentum for the organisation as it grows and evolves. Ultimately social media can be the element of a public relations strategy that ‘cuts to the chase’ and delivers the desired messaging to the audience and engages by provided an opportunity for two-way communication and a forum for public opinion, both good and bad (Hudson, 2010, pp.210-1). With this in mind, social media tactics must be aligned with the organisations overall campaign goals and branding and...
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...Issues of police legitimacy and public distrust have run rampant through the media in recent years. One of the most notable instances of the impact of poor police-community relations is the result of stop-and-frisk efforts in New York City. According to an article in the New York Daily News, in some neighborhoods in New York City approximately 9 in 10 people do not trust the police as a result of police contact (Durkin, 2013). While this distrust is believed to be linked to stop and frisk, it also stems from an overall distrust for the entity, especially in crime-ridded neighborhoods that are primarily comprised of minorities. In this paper I will analyze the issue of public distrust of law enforcement by determining how it occurs, its effects...
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