...Week Three Student Guide In Week Three, you start to learn about the foundations of group behavior, the stages of group development, the various types of work teams, the difference between groups and teams, and how to create effective teams. You also learn about more about conflict in organizations through the different conflict-handling intentions and the negotiation process, and you learn more about the conflict process as a whole. Groups and Teams OBJECTIVE: Determine strategies to develop effective groups and teams. Resources: Ch. 9–10 of Organizational Behavior Content • Ch. 9: Foundations of Group Behavior o Defining and Classifying Groups – we define a group as two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Informal group, command group, task group, interest group, friendship groups • Why do People Form Groups? Gives a sense of social identity o Stages of Group Development – groups generally pass through a predictable sequence in their evolution • The Five-Stage Model – Forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. • An Alternative Model for Temporary Groups with Deadlines – 1) their first meeting sets the group’s direction. 2) this first phase of group activity is one of inertia; 3) a transition takes place at the end of this phase, which occurs exactly when the group has used up half its allotted time; 4) a transition intitiates...
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...Conformity as it pertains to the Military Baker College 1.0 Introduction Conformity is the practice of involving attitudes, opinions and behavioral characteristics that are applicable to a specific group, in this context the military. It entails the application of these norms to match the culture embedded in the military society. The conduction of such habitual traits assumes the control by the environment and social stimuli. These stimuli manipulate the way in which the military society conditions its performances. The military not only practice conformity in their society, but also to the general public. Conformity pertinence in the military acts a guide to military sociology by enforcing their obedience to the governments in which they serve and to how their conduct their training and operations in their role of ensuring international security of global territories. Conformity is instilled into soldiers in the advent of their recruitment in the forces and the control of their social relations in the military society. 2.0 Indoctrination Process The indoctrination process involves the inculcation of ideologies and attitudes towards a certain notion to change a person’s behavioral characteristics. In the military context, soldiers are stripped their previous personalities and develop new personalities by internalizing new values. Several techniques are applied during the indoctrination process in relation to the social psychology...
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...secondary sex characteristics, and Adolescence. 15. Describe Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. 16. List and Describe the 3 basic types of parenting styles. 17. Describe the changes in cognitive abilities when aging. Key Terms and Concepts a. longitudinal design j. Gender b. cross-sequential design k. Gender Identity c. DNA/gene/chromsome l. menopause d. Object Permanence m. andropause e. Egocentrism f. Centration g. Irreversibility h. Cross-sectional design (p. 447) i. Separation anxiety (p. 449) Chapter 12-Social Psychology Study Questions 1. Describe Solomon Asch’s study of conformity 2. List and Describe the 4 common ways to gain compliance. 3. Describe Obedience? Describe...
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...Control of Juvenile Behavior An in-depth assessment of behavioral models reveals divergent ideologies and perspectives, of which none of them tends to provide a detailed explanation of how to control juvenile behavior. From this fact, among other things, it is clear that for one to understand juvenile behavior, consideration of the multidimensional and complexity of human behavior is vital. In many parts of the world, it is a common phenomenon that authorities use punishment to deter criminal acts, especially on juveniles. In some cases, the mechanism seems practical, as the incidence of juvenile delinquency has shrunk over time. However, in some cases, the efficacy of punishment in controlling juvenile behavior seems insignificant or less effective. Essentially, given the multidimensional behavior, Threat of Punishment alone may not defer juvenile behavior. Instead, one needs to assess the major causal agents that leads to a behavioral change to determine the most appropriate mechanism for dealing with specified incidents of delinquencies. Undeniably, to some extent, knowledge that one would meet a particular form of punishment may deter the individual from committing an offense. However, a close observation of their behavior, belief, and statistics on delinquency, indicate that severity and certainty play an important role. For example, when a juvenile knows that if he or she commits a particular offense, the authorities may lock him or her up in prison, there is a high possibility...
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...An assignment on Behaviors of managers with their workers in Apple Inc. Submitted by: Submitted to: Date of submission: TABLE OF CONTENT Contents Page no. Executive summary 02 Introduction 03 Comparison of organizational structure and culture 03 Impact of organizational structure and culture 04 Factors influencing individual behavior 05 Comparison of the effectiveness of different leadership styles 05 “Organizational theory underpins the practice of management” 07 Different approaches to management 08 Impact of different leadership styles on motivation 09 Comparison of the application of different motivational theories 09 Evaluation of the usefulness of a motivation theory 10 The nature of groups and group behavior 11 Factors promoting or inhibiting the development of effective teamwork 12 Impact of technology on team functioning 13 References 15 Executive Summary This assignment basically discusses the behavior of managers to the employees to a particular business organization. Explaining and discussing the aforementioned issue, the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations is compared. Apart from that the different...
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...Journal of Consumer Marketing Emerald Article: To buy or not to buy? A social dilemma perspective on green buying Shruti Gupta, Denise T. Ogden Article information: To cite this document: Shruti Gupta, Denise T. Ogden, (2009),"To buy or not to buy? A social dilemma perspective on green buying", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 26 Iss: 6 pp. 376 - 391 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760910988201 Downloaded on: 28-05-2012 References: This document contains references to 76 other documents To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 4703 times. Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH For Authors: If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Additional help for authors is available for Emerald subscribers. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.com With over forty years' experience, Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business, society, public policy and education. In total, Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series, as well as an extensive range of online products and services. Emerald...
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...Social Psychology: Tying it all Together Dawn Halpin PSY 301: Social Psychology Dr. Dominello 01/28/2015 From birth until death, we are relentlessly interacting with the people we come in contact with. Social psychology helps us to identify different aspects not only of ourselves, but the environment in which we work and live. It gives us insight as to how persuasion affects us as individuals as well as a group. It also helps to shed light as why some people judge others. Social psychology also helps us to understand how influences lead us to conform as well as become obedient. It also addresses the many dilemmas we face individually, as a group and in society. When we think of ourselves, we have a good idea about who we are as an individual. The person we are today has been influenced by everything we have learned throughout our lifetime. “Self-concept is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about or perceives themselves” (Mcleod, 2008). “Our feelings, thoughts, beliefs, and opinion of ourselves are a collection of things we know about our self” (Feenstra, 2013). I used to be a person that would worry and stress about things that were coming up or trying to figure out how I would get through the tough times, but I have learned to rely on friends, family and God. When I think back to the times that I would worry about everything that is an example of self-concept. I used to keep my thoughts and feeling to myself to avoid being judged. Our self-schema...
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...The field of social psychology is greatly interested in the study of feelings, thought and actions of people in social setups. Conversely, it also looks at the effects of other people on those feelings, actions and thoughts. It also deals with the behavior of individuals in groups and group behaviors themselves. Social psychology employs a scientific perspective in terms of how people think about others, how they relate with others and how they influence each other. The perception of our own self in relation to the world surrounding us plays a very vital role in the way we make our choices, how we behave in various contexts and the beliefs we hold dearly to ourselves. On the other hand, the opinions we get from others also have an impact on our behavior and the way we view ourselves. Our study of social psychology will better our understanding of the way groups affect how we behave and how our interactions are based on our own social perceptions . Our social behaviors are directed towards achieving certain goals, may it be short term or long term. Some of these goals include the need to maintain social connections, the feeling of gaining a better understanding of ourselves and others, the need to have protection and the wish of establishing companionship with other people. The acting self is divided into two, though both parts work together to achieve a unified totality. There is the legislative branch which is self-identity and the executive branch that constitutes self-entity...
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...Personality Our personality requires a mix of characteristic patterns of thinking, feelings and actions. There are four perspectives of personality, and they are psychoanalytical, trait, humanistic and social-cognitive. There are three theories I will describe and compare about personality development. We assess personality through two types of test but with every test comes benefits and issues. The four perspectives of personality attempt to describe different patterns in personality. The psychoanalytical perspective of personality was created by Sigmund Freud. The perspective emphasizes the importance of early childhood familiarity and the unconscious mind. There is some theorist who disagree with some of the aspects of Sigmund Freud theories, but agree with the importance of the unconscious mind. The rest of the theorist have different opinions when it come to the psychoanalytical perspective but share a common understanding that makes up this theory. The trait perspective of personality has a few major theorist that came up with this perspective. The perspective is centered on classifying, describing and assessing the specific traits that makeup human personality. The theorist believes that by understanding these traits they could understand the differences between people. They came up with the dimensions of personality and the personal traits that can measure the difference in personality. These things are the main reason that this perspective is today. The humanistic...
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...in this book, how they relate to Sociology, how other relative scholarly research on racial and social inequalities might compare and/or complement this study - how would some other scholars explain McLeod’s findings? Also, answering whether or not the data McLeod collected supports his analysis and argument. Predicating on the previous scholarship of Willis, Bourdieu, Bowles and Gintis, is Jay MacLeod’s investigation in to the “class based institutional mechanisms [that] set limits on mobility, thereby ensuring social reproduction, [and the way in which] cultural innovations can be at once both functional and dysfunctional for social reproduction” (pp.152). His investigation unearths a perplexing reality, in which one’s ambitions and conformity to ideological mores, do not suffice to ensure an abounding future, unscathed by one’s socioeconomic origins - “no matter how diligently they devote themselves to school, they cannot escape the constraints of social class” (pp.150). From his findings, he submits that schools are in fact a primary cog in a general machination that works to ensure the legitimization of class structures and the reproduction of socioeconomic outcomes. MacLeod entreats a discussion on the means by which social class is reproduced across generations, in effecting an ethnographic time-lapsed observation, with intermittent interviews, of two groups of boys, The Hallway Hangers [predominantly white] and The Brothers [predominantly black]; throughout the course...
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...prophecy to stereotypes. Finally, we will conclude by weighing up the pros and cons of the self-fulfilling prophecy and how it can be fully utilised in an organisation. 3. Applications of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies Three steps are involved in the self-fulfilling prophecy process (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione, 2012). Process begins when Stage (1) * Defining attitudes, and beliefs of its members * Employer interacts with employee who present highly visible and distinctive characteristics (includes gender, social class, disability, occupation or race) * First impressions or expectations set to the employee are based on assumptions about the characteristics dictated by the employers’s previous experience or by conformity to...
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...the people in this society are human. In order to continue the grasp the leaders of the society in this novel have on the community the dependency on drugs becomes encouraged. The drug ‘soma’ is distributed regularly to the population in order to restrict free speech and the ability for people to think for Daramola 4 themselves. This drug assists in convincing society of the illusion that is the life their living. Instead of feeling pain or sorrow one just has to pop a pill and all their worries are forgotten. This was a substantial way of keeping trouble to a minimum and ensuring that people don’t branch out of conformity. While in the real world drugs are looked upon as a taboo in the novel Soma is introduced early on as a good thing. The leaders instruct citizens that soma is beneficial and necessary for the efficacy of society. The restriction of creativity, self-thinking and humanity in this novel basically recreates humans into living breathing robots. With this dehumanization the government controls every aspect of civilians lives. This ensures that stability is intact making for the perfect idealistic society disregarding the affects it has on people and the wrongness of the idea as a whole. ...
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...Psychology Theories Much of what we know about human thought and behavior has emerged thanks to various psychology theories. For example, behavioral theories demonstrated how conditioning can be used to learn new information and behaviors. Psychology students typically spend a great deal of time studying these different theories. Some theories have fallen out of favor, while others remain widely accepted, but all have contributed tremendously to our understanding of human thought and behavior. By learning more about these theories, you can gain a deeper and richer understanding of psychology's past, present and future. Behavioral Theories Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Advocated by famous psychologists such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behavioral theories dominated psychology during the early half of the twentieth century. Today, behavioral techniques are still widely used in therapeutic settings to help clients learn new skills and behaviors. * What is Behaviorism? * Classical Conditioning * How Pavlov Discovered Classical Conditioning * Principles of Classical Conditioning * Operant Conditioning * Schedules of Reinforcement * What is Behavior Analysis? * Stages of Change * Conditioned Taste Aversions Cognitive Theories Cognitive theories of psychology are focused on internal states, such as motivation, problem...
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...INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOLARLY ACADEMIC INTELLECTUAL DIVERSITY VOLUME 8 NUMBER 1 2004-2005 Comparison of Change Theories Alicia Kritsonis MBA Graduate Student California State University, Dominquez Hills ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to summarize several change theories and assumptions about the nature of change. The author shows how successful change can be encouraged and facilitated for long-term success. The article compares the characteristics of Lewin’s Three-Step Change Theory, Lippitt’s Phases of Change Theory, Prochaska and DiClemente’s Change Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, and the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior to one another. Leading industry experts will need to continually review and provide new information relative to the change process and to our evolving society and culture. T here are many change theories and some of the most widely recognized are briefly summarized in this article. The theories serve as a testimony to the fact that change is a real phenomenon. It can be observed and analyzed through various steps or phases. The theories have been conceptualized to answer the question, “How does successful change happen?” Lewin’s Three-Step Change Theory Kurt Lewin (1951) introduced the three-step change model. This social scientist views behavior as a dynamic balance of forces working in opposing directions. Driving forces facilitate change because they push employees in the desired direction. ...
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...was divided into several small-sized self-management teams that would be responsible to learn how to play Forbidden Island together under minimal supervision. In addition to the challenging task of capturing the four treasures while keeping the island from sinking, the class was also tasked with reflecting on the course material as it applies to our individual experience as a member of the team of adventurers while playing Forbidden Island. According to organizational behavior theory, working together as a self-managed team typically allows team members to perform challenging and complex tasks that require a high level of interdependence among members. Furthermore, self-managed teams that demonstrate high group cohesiveness and collective efficacy are more likely to successfully achieve goals and accomplishments. In fact, subject matter experts agree that the tasks that are usually assigned to self-managed teams enhance intrinsic motivation by encouraging the team members to utilize a variety of skills in order to complete the entire assigned task. With a common end goal in sight, I simply assumed that, in spite of our diversity and differences, our team would have shared the belief that it should have successfully completed the assigned task in order to effectively reflect on our individual and group participation in the Forbidden...
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