...stock to investors the most important being that the entire banking industry has been making a strong return to its pre-recession levels. Banks balance sheets are healthier than they have ever been due to recession as well, which in turn can return investors who may have shied away since the recession. Another major factor when investing in Wells Fargo is the fact that the dividends the company is paying as of March, 1 of 2015, are at 35 cents per share. That is a dramatic 700% gain since the company hit all-time lows of 5 cents during 2011. In stark comparison two of the other “big four” American banks, Bank Of America and Citigroup have yet to show any real improvement over the same time frame with 5 cent and 1 cent dividend payouts respectively. Wells Fargo has the largest market cap of all American banks, and is listed as number 29 in the fortune 100 as well with over 1.5 trillion dollars in assets (Borzyowski, 2014). As stated earlier the entire banking industry is making headway, but there is a difference in the entire Wells Fargo business model. For starters the company has built its capital off of providing community banking, as opposed to focusing more on investment banking and trading. Which provides more security in the form of diversity, especially if the markets do start to take a dive and people shy from investing, but there will always be people taking loans and mortgages in their communities. Perhaps just as important as that is the fact that Wells Fargo is extremely...
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...before it is implemented. The low current account deficit should be sustained and the fiscal deficit needs to be contained. * Leads to free exchange of currency at lower rates and an unrestricted mobility of capital * Beneficial for a country because inflow of foreign investment increases * The flip side, though, is that it could destabilise an economy due to massive capital flows in and out of the country “We are surely on that path but it will take a few more years. The rupee as a currency should be more frequently traded internationally,” said Dwijendra Srivastava, chief investment officer (debt) at Sundaram Mutual Fund. India’s external sector was vulnerable till recently, with the current account deficit above the comfort level of 2.5 per cent of the gross domestic product. It was 4.2 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2011-12 and rose to 4.7 per cent in 2012-13. After severe curbs, including restrictions on import of precious metals, the deficit fell to 1.7 per cent in 2013-14. In 2014-15, it continued to stay low, with the third quarter showing a deficit of 1.6 per cent. The fiscal situation remains fragile. The turning point was in 2007, the year of the global financial crisis. The fiscal deficit of the central government has been 4.6-6.5 per cent in the past six years, before falling to 4.1 per cent in 2013-14. The government is committed to keeping the fiscal deficit low and the target of 3.9 per cent has been retained for this year. The deficit...
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...MSc. in Finance and International Business Authors: Romans Tjurins (Exam ID: 402722) Andrejs Nikitins (Exam ID: 402723) Academic Supervisor: Jan Bartholdy An empirical study of abnormal return on stock and operating performance as a result of acquisition in banking industry Aarhus School of Business, Aarhus University May 2011 Table of Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................................ 1 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 2. Problem statement................................................................................................ 3 Definitions and clarifications ............................................................................... 3 Delimitations ....................................................................................................... 4 Evaluation of sources ........................................................................................... 4 Literature review ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. Mergers and acquisitions activity in recent years .................................................. 5 Overview of efficient market hypothesis .............................................................. 7 Abnormal operating performance ......................................................................... 9 3. Event study approach ....................................
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...Islamic Banking An overview on the review of problems | | The Islamic banks face a number of challenges. First, they have not yet been successful in devising an interest-free mechanism to place their funds on a short-term basis. They face the same problem in financing consumer loans and government deficits. Second, the risk involved in profit-sharing seems to be so high that most of the banks have resorted to those techniques of financing which bring them a fixed assured return. As a result, there is a lot of genuine criticism that these banks have not abolished interest but have in fact only changed the nomenclature of their transactions Khan (1989). Third, the Islamic banks do not have the legal support of central banks of their respective countries (except in Pakistan and Iran), which exposes them to great risks. Fourth, the Islamic banks do not have the necessary expertise and trained manpower to appraise, monitor, evaluate and audit the projects they are required to finance. As a result, they cannot expand despite having financial liquidity.The future of Islamic banks hinges, by and large, on their ability to find a viable alternative to interest for financing all types of loans. They should recognize that their success in abolishing interest has been only partial and they have yet to go a long way in their search for a satisfactory alternative to interest. Simultaneously, Islamic banks need to improve their managerial capabilities by training their personnel in project...
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... DURING DIFFICULT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS For the Department of Business Innovation and Skills (BIS) John Kitching Robert Blackburn David Smallbone Small Business Research Centre, Kingston University Sarah Dixon School of Management, Bath University June 2009 URN 09/1031 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i 1. INTRODUCTION, RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODS 1 2. RESEARCH CONTEXT 1 2.1 Defining Difficult Economic Conditions 1 2.2 The Current Crisis 1 3. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 1 4. THE BUSINESS STRATEGY AND MANAGEMENT LITERATURE 1 4.1 Business Strategy: General Considerations 1 4.2 Strategic Adaptation to Environmental Jolts, Turbulence and Radical Institutional Change 1 4.3 Strategic Adaptation to Recession 1 4.4 Retrenchment Strategies 1 4.5 Investment Strategies 1 4.6 ‘Ambidextrous’ Strategies 1 4.7 Business Size as an Influence on Strategic Adaptation to Difficult Economic Conditions 1 4.8 International Experience 1 5. CONTEMPORARY COMMENTARY ON THE CURRENT CRISIS 1 6. STRATEGIC RESPONSES IN THE RECESSION: DELIBERATIONS FROM A THINK-TANK 1 6.1 Introduction and Objectives 1 6.2 Business Responses in Recession 1 6.2.1 Knowledge Base 1 6.2.2 Unevenness of Recession 1 6.3 Modelling Strategic Change 1 6.3.1 Typologies of Strategic Change 1 6.3.2 Strategic Thinking and Strategic Actions 1 6.4 The Role of Innovation under Recession Conditions 1 6.5 Roles for Public Policy 1 6.5.1 Legitimise Change and...
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...09-093 July 22, 2009 The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 – 2009: The Role of Greed, Fear and Oligarchs Cate Reavis Free enterprise is always the right answer. The problem with it is that it ignores the human element. It does not take into account the complexities of human behavior. 1 —Andrew Lo, Professor of Finance, MIT Sloan School of Management The problem in the financial sector today is not that a given firm might have enough market share to influence prices; it is that one firm or a small set of interconnected firms, by failing, can bring down the economy. 2 —Simon Johnson, Professor of Entrepreneurship, MIT Sloan School of Management, Former Chief Economist, IMF On October 9, 2007 the Dow Jones Industrial Average set a record by closing at 14,047. One year later, the Dow was just above 8,000, after dropping 21% in the first nine days of October 2008. Major stock markets in other countries had plunged alongside the Dow. Credit markets were nearing paralysis. Companies began to lay off workers in droves and were forced to put off capital investments. Individual consumers were being denied loans for mortgages and college tuitions. After the nine day U.S. stock market plunge, the head of the International Monetary Fund had some sobering words: “Intensifying solvency concerns about a number of the largest U.S.-based and European financial institutions have pushed the global financial system to the brink of systemic meltdown.” 3 1 2 3 Interview with the case writer...
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...é The Effects of Mandatory IFRS Adoption in the EU: A Review of Empirical Research October 2014 Information for Better Markets An initiative from the ICAEW Financial Reporting Faculty The Effects of Mandatory IFRS Adoption in the EU: A Review of Empirical Research forms part of the Information for Better Markets thought leadership programme of ICAEW’s Financial Reporting Faculty. ICAEW operates under a Royal Charter, working in the public interest. As a world leading professional accountancy body, ICAEW provides leadership and practical support to over 142,000 members in more than 160 countries, working with governments, regulators and industry to ensure the highest standards are maintained. The ICAEW Financial Reporting Faculty provides its members with practical assistance and support with IFRS, UK GAAP and other aspects of business reporting. It also comments on business reporting issues on behalf of ICAEW to standard setters and regulators. Its Information for Better Markets thought leadership programme subjects key questions in business reporting to careful and impartial analysis so as to help achieve practical solutions to complex problems. The programme focuses on three key themes: disclosure, measurement and regulation. We welcome comments and enquiries on this report and on the other aspects of the Information for Better Markets programme. To contact us, please email bettermarkets@icaew.com. © ICAEW 2014 All rights reserved. If you want...
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...Structure of a Financial System • The Stock Market 2. Emerging Markets, African Markets and Capital Market Development • Financial Markets and the Organized Exchange • Characteristics of Emerging Capital Markets • Indicators of Capital Market Development 3. Financial Regulation, Intermediation, Capital Market Structures and Development • The Players in a Typical Capital Market: - Capital Market Intermediaries - The Regulator: The Capital Market Authority - The Stock Exchange [NSE] - Investors - Government • The Institutional, Regulatory and Legal Framework in Financial Markets - Types of Regulations in Financial Markets - Market Based Banking Regulations - Crisis in Banking Regulation. 4. Securities and Their Characteristics • Shares, Fixed Income Securities, Derivatives • Challenges of Trading of securities in the Stock Market • Why Derivatives Trading is Absent in Most Emerging Markets 5. Financial Contracting Under Imperfect Information • Sources of Financial Information • The Principal-Agent Problem(Jensen & Meckling, Hairs & Raviv, Townsend’s CSV Model) • Asymmetric information and Financial Market Failure • Moral Hazard in Financial Markets • Financial Market Failure • Credit Rationing in Financial Markets • Adverse Selection: Screening...
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...The sector was characterized by small sized banks with high overheads; low capital base averaging less than $10million; heavy reliance on government patronage and loss making. Nigeria’s banking sector was still characterized by a high degree of fragmentation and low levels of financial intermediation up until 2004. In the light of the foregoing, banks are compelled by the Central Bank of Nigeria to raise their capital base from N2 billion to 25 billion on or before 31st December, 2005. Most banks resorted to mergers and acquisition as a survival strategy, which saw a reduction in the number of banks from 89 to 25. This study contributes to the concept of bank recapitalization by critically examining the impact of bank consolidation on the performance of banks using a sample of randomly selected Nigerian banks. It is the intention of the researcher to give more validity to empirical evidence that have been obtained by previous researchers on the subject matter. Relevance of the study The earliest set of studies evaluates the effects of bank consolidation through mergers and acquisitions comparing pre- and post- merger performance by measuring performance using either accounting or productive efficiency indicators.The results from both indicators have varied and at sometimes been contradictory. This can be explained by performance-influencing variables like size, brand name, diversification and cost reduction, there is still no reconciliation between these indicators. I intend...
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...provide definitive answers on the origin of the crisis. The global financial crisis has created a structural break in the global economy. Businesses thus need to reassess the strategies they have developed to operate in a highly integrated global economy. Initial reactions have often been defensive as companies downsize and call for government support. However, times of crisis are also times of opportunity. In the short-term, opportunities arise for instance in ‘value for money’ segments. Long term opportunities require managers to develop foresight to use the crisis to position themselves for the next upswing. Business leaders thus need to develop scenarios of the new economy, and envisage their role in it. The author felt that it is time to look forward to addressing the questionon how can businesses can survive the crisis, and position themselves for the recovery whenever it may come. 2. What is the Global Financial Crisis Trends The financial crisis originated from problems in the financial sector in the U.S.A. and the U.K. At the core appear to have been unsound lending practices by financial institutions, notably unsound lending practices in the private mortgage lending sector and unsatisfactory risk management practices (Haldane, 2009; Stulz, 2009). The contagion spread through the global financial sector affecting banks in numerous other countries, and causing an unprecedented credit squeeze as inter-bank lending came to a virtual...
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...ICB Independent Commission on Banking Final Report Recommendations September 2011 ICB Independent Commission on Banking Final Report Recommendations September 2011 Official versions of this document are printed on 100% recycled paper. When you have finished with it please recycle it again. If using an electronic version of the document, please consider the environment and only print the pages which you need and recycle them when you have finished. © Crown copyright 2011 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-governmentlicence/ or e-mail: psi@nationalarchives.gsi.gov.uk. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to: Independent Commission on Banking Victoria House Southampton Row London WC1B 4AD This document is also available from our website at http://bankingcommission.independent.gov.uk/ ISBN 978-1-845-32-829-0 Produced by the Domarn Group, London. Final Report Contents Contents ...................................................................................................................... 1 List of acronyms .........................................................................................
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...The financial crisis which began in July 1997 in the East Asian countries, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Korea, has had devastating effects on their economies. Growth rates in these countries which were in excess of five percent before 1997, turned sharply negative in 1998 and, at the time of this writing it is not yet clear when these economies will turn the corner and resume positive rates of growth. This paper examines why these countries, which were part of what has been termed "the Asian miracle" and were able to eradicate so much poverty, are now undergoing severe economic contractions, with such harmful effects on their populations. A breakdown of information in financial markets is the key factor that has driven this crisis. After laying out an asymmetric information view of the Asian financial crisis, this paper goes on to use this framework to explore lessons from this crisis. 1. An Asymmetric Information View of the Asian Crisis The financial system plays a critical role in the economy because, when it operates properly, it channels funds from those who have saved surplus funds to those who need these funds to engage in productive investment opportunities. The major barrier to the financial system performing this job properly is asymmetric information, the fact that one party to a financial contract does not have the same information as the other party, which results in moral hazard and adverse selection problems. An asymmetric information view of financial...
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... |02 | |02 |Background of ONE Bank Limited |03 | |03 |Company Milestones |04 | |04 |Common Ways of Risk Handling |05-06 | |05 | |07-09 | | |Risks associated in Banking Services | | |06 |Bank Risk Management Systems |09-21 | |07 |Insurance Coverage |22-25 | |08 |Bibliography |26 | Executive summary The report has been prepared as a mandatory requirement of our course F-636 (Risk Management and Insurance). It is the summarized outcome of what we have learned till now in the sectors of managerial risk and insurance coverage. Executive summary present the clear vision of the report with different titles. I...
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...impossibility of a firm investing abroad. Even extending the Ricardian model by including capital among the factors of production, it has to be supposed that, from a purely economic and financial perspective, the choice between directly investing abroad and not doing so is totally indifferent. It is the existence of imperfections in the real and/or financial markets that give rise to the convenience for a firm to exploit its competitive advantages through foreign direct investment (FDI). In a broad sense, a multinational enterprise (MNE) can be intended as a company that holds controlled firms, producing branches, divisions, establishments, subsidiaries, etc., in a foreign country. The reasons that can persuade a firm to become multinational are manifold. First of all, it can be the sole action in order to conduct a specific business. Think about the activity of the extraction of raw materials: it cannot be conducted anywhere other than the mine’s location. Many firms are seeking greater production efficiency, and are thus investing in countries where one or more of the factors of production, capital included, are undervalued given their productivity. Others achieve significant economies of scale, scope or integration through expansion abroad that would not have been exploited otherwise. Considering the Japanese automobile industry expansion in the U.S., FDI can also be a...
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...The financial crisis which began in July 1997 in the East Asian countries, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Korea, has had devastating effects on their economies. Growth rates in these countries which were in excess of five percent before 1997, turned sharply negative in 1998 and, at the time of this writing it is not yet clear when these economies will turn the corner and resume positive rates of growth. This paper examines why these countries, which were part of what has been termed "the Asian miracle" and were able to eradicate so much poverty, are now undergoing severe economic contractions, with such harmful effects on their populations. A breakdown of information in financial markets is the key factor that has driven this crisis. After laying out an asymmetric information view of the Asian financial crisis, this paper goes on to use this framework to explore lessons from this crisis. 1. An Asymmetric Information View of the Asian Crisis The financial system plays a critical role in the economy because, when it operates properly, it channels funds from those who have saved surplus funds to those who need these funds to engage in productive investment opportunities. The major barrier to the financial system performing this job properly is asymmetric information, the fact that one party to a financial contract does not have the same information as the other party, which results in moral hazard and adverse selection problems. An asymmetric information view of financial...
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