...Rights Organisations. There are a few significant factors that occurred as a result of the Second World War. For example, the 'Double V Campaign' of 1942. Two months after the Bombing of Pearl Harbour by the Japanese, the Pittsburgh Courier (the most popular black newspaper in America) published the campaign to everyone. It called for a victory on two fronts, it was a campaign for African-Americans to give their all in the war effort and for black people to fight racial discrimination back home in America. The editor of the newspaper wrote "We call upon the President and Congress to declare war on Japan and against racial prejudice in our country." This was significant because it gave African-Americans a chance to prove how much of a positive impact they could have on the war and this in turn could show current white racists a different view on them. Additionally, it could be argued that because it was quite a big newspaper, more people across America would see it, and therefore it could potentially have more of an effect on the general opinion. Another factor was the black soldiers who returned home as heroes after the Second World War. It changed the attitudes of white people all across America but more specifically, white soldiers who had fought alongside them in the war. Before the war, white servicemen were disgruntled by the fact that black people were fighting with them, afterwards they treated them as equals. This shows how significant the war was on African-American...
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...Jackie Robinson was a great leader for not only his team but for the civil rights movement, politics and social achievements. Robinson once said “A life is not important except in the impact it has on other lives”. He was born January 31st, 1919 in Cairo, Georgia. Jackie is most recognized for being the first black player in the major leagues. He was the youngest of 5 children raised in relative poverty, by a single mother, after his father abandoned the family. He attended John Muir High School and Pasadena Junior College where he played four sports baseball, football, track, and basketball. He was named the region's Most Valuable Player in baseball in 1938. Jackie continued his education at the University of California, where he became the university's first student to win varsity letters in four sports. He was forced to leave short of graduating from UCLA because of financial hardship. He then moved to Honolulu Hawaii where he played football for the semi-professional Honolulu Bears. His season with the Bears was cut short when the United States entered into World War II. For two years he served as a Second Lieutenant in the United States Army. Jackie achieved a lot on the field. He led his team to the ultimate glory, Winning the World Series in 1955 and making it to it a total of 6 times. He was also Named National League Rookie of the Year in 1947,. Jackie led the National League in stolen bases in 1947 and 1949. Led second basemen in double plays 1949, 1950, 1951 and...
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...President Eisenhower Eisenhower’s Doctrine and Beliefs 1/23/2012 Carlos Williams | In the history of international diplomacy the appearance of the Eisenhower Doctrine was an important and life changing document. Before January of 1957 there was no such notion in the entire world; it was introduced by President Eisenhower. Before that date all countries decided for themselves what political direction they were taking and were on their own in the political world arena. By that time the Soviet Union however was a powerful and ever growing country with desires to occupy more and more territories and to control as many countries as it could. Situation in the Middle East was a very favorable one for such actions of the Soviets that only waited for a suitable moment to contribute their political domination to those territories. Most of the Middle East countries were struggling for the independence and were trying to establish self-governing systems as in developed parts of the world. In the course of the history they frequently found themselves in the middle of fighting and misunderstanding between the nations, thus it was a rough process which was still continuing. In the midst of such conditions it was understandable that those countries were a piece of cake for the Soviet Union to make them communist "believers". The problem was not only based on the Soviet's desire, but mainly on the opponent‘s inability to resist the pressure of being involved in a new political...
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... Little Rock, Birmingham, the careers of Martin Luther Kingand Stokely Carmichael. However, some very important civil rights issues were covered in his presidency. Truman’s ancestors had owned slaves. His first recollection of African Americans was a household servants within his family - and he did not come from a prosperous family. While he was dating his future wife Bess, she claimed that he told her that he felt that one person was as good as any other as long as they were not black. He also criticised the Chinese in America, the Jews - to whom he referred to as "Kikes" and the Italians in America who he called "wops". Hence, Truman’s background produced what one would have expected and the young Truman would have had the same views as most other youths in Independence. When he got involved in politics at an early age, he did what any aspiring politician did in the South, he paid $10 to join the KKK. Public office changed Truman. Why? Did he feel that America could not claim to be the democratic capital of the world while African Americans were treated thus? Or were his motives political? The African American population was big enough to have some political clout. Was he out to fish for their votes with his adoption of the civil rights cause? Truman and civil rights legislation: Before he became president, Truman show demonstrated that he had some civil rights credentials. In his campaign to be re-elected senator for Missouri, he said the following in 1940: "I believe in...
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...Civil Rights in the Sixties The 1960s brought about social change in America. America elected the second youngest and the first Catholic president (John F. Kennedy) and the Anti-War Movement began. The Anti-War Movement was based on people mostly the youth of America protesting a war (Vietnam War) that they believed America could not win. At the same time people were protesting the war they were objecting to the social injustice surrounding minorities; thus began the Civil Rights Movement. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was instrumental in starting The Civil Rights Movement the yearlong battle for equal treatment on buses gave minorities the strength to fight for more equal treatment and gave rise to Martin Luther King Jr. who was elected by the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to lead the boycott. During The Montgomery Bus Boycott whites tried to use the media to put out false stories by claiming the boycott have come to an end and that minorities settled for the same moderate desegregation plan that they received before the boycott. Public opion in Montgomery Alabama at first was against the boycott, but once the business community realized they were losing money because minorities were no longer shopping downtown their opion began to wane. Throughout the civil rights movement the media was a constant force some believe that without the media exposing the at times moving and often unsightly events of the movement that it would not advanced as much as it did. Some Southern...
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...Scheme: Candidates should have knowledge about the main features of ‘peaceful coexistence’ in the period 1953-61. Developments which helped to ease Cold War tensions might include: the end of the Korean War (1953); Soviet settlement of border disputes with Turkey and Iran (1953) and recognition of Israel (1953); Austrian independence and improved Soviet-Yugoslav relations (1955); the ‘Geneva spirit’ based on east-west summit diplomacy and Khrushchev’s visit to the USA in 1959. Developments which sustained Cold War tensions during the period might include: US attitudes towards communism in the 1950s (domino theory, ‘roll back’, Eisenhower doctrine); Soviet concept of peaceful coexistence based on long-term victory of communism; the impact of the Hungarian Rising (1956) and the launch of Sputnik (1957); the U2 spy plane incident (1960) and the issue of Germany (1958-1961). At Levels 1 and 2 simple or more developed statements will provide either only simple or more developed statements about peaceful coexistence with either only implicit reference to the extent tensions were eased or argument based on insufficient evidence. At Level 3, students should provide some sustained analysis related to the extent tensions were eased but the detail may be hazy in places and/or the material unbalanced chronologically or thematically. At Level 4, there will be sustained analysis of US-Soviet relations under peaceful coexistence with some attempt to reach a reasoned judgement on ‘how far’...
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...Impact of US Foreign Policy on the Vietnam War The Vietnam War is one of the most talked about wars in history. It began in 1959 and did not end until 1975. These years saw protests, conflicts, casualties, and confusion for the United States, as well as the terms of three presidents: John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard Nixon. When U.S. involvement in the war began under Kennedy, it was originally put out as a plan for the United States to only aid the South Vietnamese, but, after his assassination, Johnson was put in charge. The path that the war took under Johnson was filled with controversy and large numbers of casualties. When Johnson did not run for a second term, Nixon was left in charge to ultimately turn things around. Soon, all of the American troops were removed from Vietnam, and the war slowly began to come to a close. But what was it about Nixon’s foreign policy that was so much more successful than Johnson’s? Was Nixon’s policy more closely related to Kennedy’s successful strategy than Johnson’s was, and, if so, why didn’t Johnson do a better job modeling his policy after Kennedy? These are all questions that political scientists still look at today as a way to solve the many questions that are still being posed about the war. I have looked deeply into these questions, and found answers through researching the history of Vietnam as well as the three presidents. As I read about each event that unfolded, it became clear to me why there were such...
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...Celebrity Marketing In the Cold War Christopher Sigler History 328 Dr. Reaves March 11, 2014 Post World War II America was a period of massive economic growth in America. Despite a brief economic recession from 1946 to 1947, the years following World War II saw the United States become the world super power that it is today. From 1940 to 1950 the American Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased 50% from $200,000 million to $300,000 million1 and by 1955 sixty percent of Americans identified as middle-class2. The exponential economic growth and social class shift during this period created several important changes to American culture. Many American families now possessed excess money; Money that was spent on single-family homes, entertainment, appliances, and cars, items that the general public could not afford before this period. The result of the influx of money not only changed the American family forever, but the marketing strategies used by companies as well. As Americans began to place a heavier value on entertainment, movie stars, actors, and other celebrities began to have a prominent influence on society. Post war-prosperity and the economic boom during the early cold war began the American, and eventually global culture of celebrity marketing. To understand the United States rise to a world superpower one must look at the aftermath of the widespread war of World War II. World War II was a global war that involved thirty nations and claimed the lives of...
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...or multiple universities, giving them the nick name “land grant universities.” Every state in the young country agreed to the terms of the grant and began to develop these universities quickly. V. The Great Depression For the first few decades of its existence, the USDA seemingly ran smoothly. They protected the rights for those progressing Westward , revolutionized the rail system throughout the country and quickly started funding land grand universities all across the country. The department did not see any major changes until the Great Depression struck in 1933. The Great Depression is historically thought of as a devastating time period for the industrial manufacturers, but not much thought has been given on the impact that this time period had on rural America in particular the farmers. The farming market actually hit rock bottom about ten years earlier in 1921, but the Great Depression is usually associated with the 1930’s when the industrial markets fell. With this being said, farmers were forced to produce more crops while cutting back on input cost ( a problem still seen in modern crop production ). When farmers were unable to overcome the perpetual debt they were forced to give up their farm steads and leave the only life they knew behind them. Growing increasingly angry that the government was not stepping in and assisting them, farmers began to organize groups that went to local governments and demanded that they step in to save their farms. One group in Iowa went as...
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...LAIKIPIA UNIVERSITY (MAIN CAMPUS) FACAULTY: Humanities and developmental studies. DEPARTMENT: Public Affair and Environmental studies. COURSE TITLE: Technology, War and Peace. COURSE CODE: PEED 413 INSTRUCTOR: MR FREDRICK ODONDE PRESENTER: SALLY NTURANGI MBIYAIYU TASK: Discuss the technological advancement after WW2 and its implication on world peace and security. Submission Date: 5th march, 2015 INTRODUCTION The science of fifties gave as the most awful weapon ever developed. While the ultimate aim of any research was to find better ways of destroying the enemy during the World Wars, post-war lots of inventions were just as effective at improving lives. Military scientific research and technology advancement during World War 2 and post-war period brought advances that directly affected the daily lives of people across the globe, in medicine and electronics cutting across to deadly weapons as H-bombs. Innovation that came to fruition in the fifties offered mankind tremendous benefit improving life in all spheres of life. These inventions however did contribute to both positively and negatively. The atomic bomb race put humanity at stake since the world could be wiped within a day if any war could escalate which could be catalyzed by sophisticated modes of transport and means of communication like telephones and computers. On the other hand, life standard improved as military research led to invention of many electronics....
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...John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly known by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until he was assassinated in November 1963. After military service as commander of Motor Torpedo Boats PT-109 and PT-59 during World War II in the South Pacific, Kennedy represented Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat. Thereafter, he served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated vice president and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. At age 43, he was the youngest to have been elected to the office,[2][a] the second-youngest president (after Theodore Roosevelt), and the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president.[3] To date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize.[4] Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Space Race—by initiating Project Apollo (which would culminate in the moon landing), the building of the Berlin Wall, the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and charged with the crime that night. Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald two days later...
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...resulted in GM losing its position. This paper will explore several of the factors such as union relationships that resulted in payroll differentials between GM and foreign transplants, legacy costs, and the job banks program. Secondly, poor strategic management decisions including product development and the quality gap issues between GM and its Japanese competitors. Finally, the effects of foreign competition including imports from Japan, foreign transplants here in the U.S. and currency manipulation by the Japanese Government will be explored. “What’s good for GM is good the country.” This statement is attributed to former General Motors CEO, Charles Wilson during his 1953 Senate confirmation hearing to become President Eisenhower’s Defense Secretary. The quote has been taken out of context over the years. In response to a question posed by a senator who asked Mr. Wilson if he could make decisions that would be harmful to GM, Wilson stated he would be able to, but continued by adding that he could not imagine such a situation, “because for years I thought what was good for the county was good for General Motors and vice versa.” (“The Rise and Fall of General Motors”, 2009, What’s good for GM section, par. 1) Because GM was such a large portion of the U.S. economy during the 1950’s, if difficult times fell on the country it would mean the same for GM. The vice versa would mean that if GM was struggling it probably would be due to problems the U.S was facing. ...
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...Unit 1: The Seeds of Conflict, 1917-1944 The differences between capitalism and communism Capitalism advocated private enterprise, land owned by individuals with minimum government interference. Liberal democracy was a political system where each person has freedom to vote, to elect, of speech and of worship. Communism advocated state-owned property, an economy where all industries and agriculture were owned by the government on behalf of the people. A one-party state was a political system with one political party to represent the people. In the USSR, all political parties other than the Communist Party were banned and elections were contested between individuals of this party. The tensions that existed between the USSR and the USA in the 1920s and 30s Communism was viewed as an unstable force that threatened social and political order and Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution, was to represent this. Allied countries Britain, France, USA and Japan had sent help to Bolshevik enemies during the Civil War therefore there were some hostile feelings towards them even after the war. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918) was a result of Russia withdrawing from the war, leading to a feeling of betrayal amongst the allies who were left to fight Germany alone. Communist groups in Spain and France grew in strength in the 1930s in response to the hardships of the Great Depression which placed strains on the USA. Britain’s appeasement policy towards Germany under Hitler’s...
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...Was the legislation that gave African Americans equal rights to ‘whites’ the result of famous, glorified leaders such as Martin Luther King and Lyndon Johnson or was it those who worked behind the scenes, the local groups and individuals, who set the stage for these legal amendments to be possible? The Civil Rights Movement was one of the most significant events in the modern history of the United States that has formed the basis of many of its core values and laws today. The Civil Rights Movement unofficially ended with the passing of the long awaited “1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act” which legally saw an end to the racial discrimination faced by African Americans. However the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement has “undergone some serious revision” since 1965 as it ‘gained popular appeal.’ Initially the Civil Rights Movement was “romanticized” and considered to be a “heroic narrative of moral purpose and personal courage by which great men and women inspired ordinary people to rise up and struggle for their rights” such as the famed Martin Luther King, who was painted as the ‘driving force behind the movement’ ,President Lyndon Johnson and Kennedy and organisations such as ‘The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People’ (NAACP) This idea of the federal government, prominent leaders and organisations playing the defining role in the passing of these bills soon became less plausible in the 1970’s and 1980’s as the “second...
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...Group Case Study Project The Coca-Cola Company Tsang Hoi Ki Chan Ho Yin Fung Tsun Wai Chan Ka Po Yuen Sze Wing Chan Tai Hoi Yan Yue Kan (200826001H, (200826002H, (200826004H, (200826019H, (200826020H, (200826027H, (200926024E, FNE) FNE) FNE) FNE) FNE) FNE) FNE) Abstract This paper is a strategic analysis of The Coca-Cola Company (Coca-Cola), a leader in the beverage industry. Coca-Cola, the world’s leading soft drink maker, operates in more than 200 countries and owns or licenses more than 500 brands of nonalcoholic beverages. The company faces challenges in today’s market because of market changes, socio-economic changes and globalization. An external analysis of the soft drink industry is performed to understand the impact of environment. An internal analysis of Coca-Cola is performed to understand the internal capabilities. The conclusion of this case study emphasizes that the company needs to reduce its dependence on carbonated beverage and diversify its product portfolio into the noncarbonated sector to remain competitive. 2 Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 2 Section 1: Introduction ................................................................................................... 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 Mission and Objectives ........................................................................................ 6 Past and Present...
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