...State University of New York at Stony Brook Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ESE218 Digital Systems Design Lab 9. Counter design. 1. Objectives - Design of the synchronous finite state machine (FSM) with D-flip-flops and multiplexers - Verification of the circuit behavior with a CAD tool 2. Problem description Design the synchronous 4-bit counter which outputs follow the predetermined repeated sequence of states. The sequence of states represents the sequence of decimal digits of your ID number with the following exceptions: (1) digits which appear more than ones have to be deleted; (2) digit 9 has to be added at the end of the sequence if your ID has no 9. For example, for ID number 105123456 the second 1 and 5 are deleted and 9 is added at the end resulting in sequence 10523469. In the binary form the sequence is shown in Figure 1. The initial state is not critical. State 9 should be decoded to generate special signal SYNC shown in denominator in Figure 1. In the prelab: the circuit behavior has to be verified in OrCAD. The maximum clock frequency has to be calculated using timing specs of the flip-flops and multiplexers (logical gates) from datasheet. In the experiment: first, the functionality of the counter has to be tested with a pushbutton that controls the clock and a 7-segment LED display connected to the outputs. Finally, the counter sequence should be demonstrated with the logic analyzer synchronized with SYNC signal, 4inputs of the logic analyzer...
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...connected or 16 pin connector to scan tools * Incorrect data intered in to scan tools * The ignition switch not switched on * The control unit may be wiped out * The control unit may be in sleeping mode (b) Discuss the importance of updating scan tools on a regular basis. * The manufacturer requred you to update the scan tools * Using out of date software can wiped out the ecu data * When you contact help line if you don’t have updated software they want talk to you * For safety percaustion reasons (c) Outline the safety precautions that should be adhered to when carrying out diagnosis on an airbag electrical circuit. * Airbag can developed when you work on ai bag electrical line checking circuit * Working on the streering area checking ciriciut * Proper tools and equipments have to be used working on the circuit * Employee should be follow their duites under safety act (a) Multiplexing is widely used in modern motor vehicles. List the advantages of this type of wiring compared to conventional methods 1. Less wiring 2. More application can be fiitted possible 3. Lighter wiring diagram for the vehicle 4. Easier faults dagnoisis 5. Cheaper to munfacture 6. 7. . 8. (c) Draw afull wiring diagram of an Electronic Distributorless System (E.D.I.S. used in a four cylinder engine. The diagram should include all the necessary wiring, ignition switch, L.T. and H.T. coils, spark plugs...
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...have to combine the touch sensor(monostable mode of 555 and the transistorized dark sensor circuits. Whenever there is loud sound produced near the electret condenser mic, pin 2 of 555 gets triggered and it switches on the LED D1. The LED remains on for a definite time determined by R1 and C1. We can adjust the sensitivity of the circuit using a variable resistor in place of fixed resistor R5. You can check the circuit with 1K or 10K. - See more at: http://www.buildcircuit.com/clap-switch2/#sthash.XShIrDIv.dpuf The schematic of clap switch: You can see the steps for making clap switch on the video given below. - See more at: http://www.buildcircuit.com/clap-switch2/#sthash.XShIrDIv.dpuf If you want to glow a bulb operating at 220V, use the following schematic: clap switch operating 220V bulb Before you make this project, read carefully about RELAYS: http://www.buildcircuit.com/how-to-use-a-relay/ If you are not confident at making circuits, don’t work with 220V, it can be dangerous and harm you. READ ABOUT RECENTLY PUBLISHED CLAP SWITCH CHECK “CLAP SWITCH WITH TOGGLE FEATURE”. - See more at: http://www.buildcircuit.com/clap-switch2/#sthash.XShIrDIv.dpuf As what i understand, this clap switch can detect false triggering from claps where it protects your circuit from turning on and off due to unnecessary sounds or unintended sounds or claps. Very nice clap circuit actually but needs some...
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...Chapter 4 10. Assume a JFET has the transconductance curve shown in Figure 4–76. (a) What is IDSS? (b) What is VGS(off)? (c) What is the transconductance at a drain current of 2.0 mA? ID= 2.3 mA VGs = -2 v VD= Vpp – ID( RS+RD) 15 – 2.3m (1k +3.3 K) 15 – 2.3 (4.3 K) VDS= 5.11 2.3 m * 1 k Vs= 2.3 V 11. Assume the JFET with the transconductance curve shown in Figure 4–76 is connected in the circuit shown in Figure 4–77. (a) What is VS? (b) What is ID? (c) What is VDS? VD = VDD - ID*RD = 15V - (2.1mA) (3.3k Ω) = 8.07V ID = IS 2.1mA VS = IS * RS = 2.1mA * 1k Ω 2.1V ID = IDSS ( 1- (VGS/VGSoff))2 6.4 ( 1 - ( -2.1 / -5 )2 2.1 mA VDS = VDD - ID(RD + RS) 15V - (2.1MA) ( 4.3k Ω ) 15V - 9.03 = 5.97V 13. For each circuit in Figure 4–78, determine VDS and VGS. VD = VDD – ID times RD VS = IS times RS VDS = VDD - ID(RD + RS) VGS = VG - VS a) VD = 12V - (1mA) (4.7k Ω) = 7.3V VS = (1mA) (1k Ω) = 1V VDS = 12V - (1mA)(5.7k Ω) = 6.3V VGS = 0V - 1V = -1V b) VD = 9V - (3mA) (470 Ω) = 7.59V VS = (3mA) (100 Ω) = .3V VDS = 9V - (3mA)(570k Ω) = 7.29V VGS = 0V - .3V = -.3V c) VD = -15V - (5mA) (2.2k Ω) = -26V VS =...
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...associated with this type of calculation repeatedly need clarification: * Voltage The voltage to use for your calculations depends on the system design voltage. Thus when you calculate branch-circuit, feeder, and service loads, you must use a nominal system voltage of 120V, 120/240V, 208Y/120V, 240V, 347V, 480Y/277V, 480V, 600Y/347V, or 600V unless otherwise specified (220.2) (Fig. 1 below). * Rounding Refer to 200.2(B) to end the rounding mystery. When the ampere calculation exceeds a whole number by 0.5 or more, round up to the next whole number. If the extra is 0.49 or less, round down to the next whole number. For, example, round 29.5A up to 30A, but round 29.45A down to 29A. Specific loads. Art. 220 doesn't cover all specific loads. For example, you'll find motors in Art. 430 and air conditioners in Art. 440. To know if you should look in another Article, use the NEC index. <b>Fig. 1.</b> Don’t make the mistake of using actual field measurements of system voltage in your calculations. Unless specified otherwise, loads shall be computed using the nominal system voltage such as 120V, 120/240V, 208Y/120V, 240V, 347V, 480Y/277V, 480V, 600Y/347V or 600V. Art. 220 has specific requirements for most loads, including the following: Dryers. Size the branch-circuit conductors and overcurrent protection device for commercial dryers to the appliance nameplate rating. Calculate the feeder demand load for dryers at 100% of the...
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...UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT NEC 327 - ECE2 COMPUTER-AIDED ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT DESIGN WED / 2:30 – 5:30 / EN308 ACTIVITY #6: OP-AMP INTERGRATOR ACTIVITY #7: SUMMING OP-AMP RATING RATING 3, 2 QUIAMBAO, PATRICIA MAE M. 20140169557 FERNANDO VICTOR V. DE VERA, ECE, M.TECH MARCH 16, 2016 Activity No 6: OP-AMP Integrator 6.1 Objectives To capture and simulate a circuit where a waveform conversion is present while the output voltage is proportional to its integral voltage input of the amplifier. 6.2 Theoretical Discussion The integrator circuit is mostly used in analog computers, analog-to-digital converters and wave-shaping circuits. A common wave-shaping use is as a charge amplifier and they are usually constructed using an operational amplifier though they can use high gain discrete transistor configurations. The integrator basically works like this: whatever current I you get flowing in R1, gets integrated across capacitor C1. The output voltage Vo is simply the voltage across C1. One great application of the integrator is generating a ramp voltage. You can do this by placing a fixed voltage at VS that forces a constant current through R1. The capacitor then integrates this current creating a ramping voltage. The action is just like a garden hose running water at a constant rate causing the level in a bucket to rise steadily. The smaller the diameter bucket (smaller capacitor), the faster the...
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...------------------------------------------------- ECET-402 Week 2 Lab – Acquiring Temperature & Signal Conditioning This lab actually consists of two separate but related labs. They will be presented in Parts A and B. Objective: The objective of this lab is to use an LM34 temperature sensor to acquire temperature and display it in an 8-bit binary number using LEDs and designing simple signal conditioning circuits using op-amps. Parts Needed: 1. Multisim 8 (or higher) 2. LM34 Temperature Sensor 3. ADC0809 4. 8 LEDs 5. Wires, wire cutter, and wire stripper 6. Adjustable DC Power Supply 7. Function Generator and DMM Part A – Temperature Sensor We will use an LM34 temperature sensor IC to measure temperature in Fahrenheit degrees. We will then convert the analog output voltage of the sensor to an 8-bit digital signal using the Analog to Digital converter ADC0809. Finally we will use 8 LEDs to display an 8-bit binary number representing the temperature. LM34: The LM34 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors. The output voltage is directly proportional to temperature in Fahrenheit degrees. Output voltage increases by 10 mV for every one degree Fahrenheit. For example, an output voltage of 720 mV (0.72 V) indicates a temperature of 72 F. LM34 has a range of -50 to +300° F and can be operated with a voltage supply of 5 to 30 VDC. It draws only 75 µA from its supply. ADC0809: This analog to digital...
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...build a circuit to confirm the law b. Use Ohms and Kirchhoff’s laws to calculate the desired measurements B. Equipment c. DC Power Source d. Breadboard e. Extech instruments voltmeter f. 1000 resistor g. 3900 resistor h. 1200 resistor i. 3300 resistor j. 2200 resistor k. Wires C. Procedure l. Review Ohms and Kirchhoff’s laws m. Find the theoretical values for the circuit in Figure 3 n. Use the 1000 W, 3300 W, and 2200 W resistors to create the circuit in Figure 3 o. Set the voltage to 6.9 v and measure the values from the circuit with the Extech instruments voltmeter p. Use the found values to create the Thevenin circuit q. Check the values and confirm that the circuits are the same D. Schematic Diagrams E. Data Tables | VTh | IShort | RTh | Theoretical | 6.875 v | 1.69 mA | 4.05K | Measured | 6.8 v | 1.7 mA | 4K | F. Questions Pre Lab: 1) Find the Thevenin's and Norton's equivalent circuits of network in figure 3, excluding RL. VTh = Open Circuit Voltage VTh = (2.2 / 1 + 2.2) x 10 = 6.875 v What is theoretical IShort for the Figure 4? G. Conclusion In this lab I learned the features and how to operate both an oscilloscope and function generator. I also learned how to create a circuit using...
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...UNIT 3 HAZARDS 1. Any situation that causes a processor to freeze is called as _____. a) Hazard b) System error c) Page fault d) None Answer:a 2. The period of time at what time the unit is at rest is called as _____. a) Bubbles b) Stalls c) Hazards d) Both a and b Answer:d 3. The disagreement for the procedure of a hardware device is called as ______. a) Structural hazard b) Data hazard c) Control hazard d) None Answer:a 4. The situation somewhere in the data of operands are not accessible is called ______. a) Data hazard b) Structural hazard c) Control hazard d) None Answer:a 5. The stalling of the processor appropriate to the unavailability of the instructions is called as ____. a) Control hazard b) Data hazard c) Input hazard d) None Answer:a 6. The time lost due to branch instruction is frequently referred to as _____. a) Time delay b) Error c) Branch penalty d) None Answer:c 7. The pipeline sparkling is a scheme used to prevent data hazard and structural hazards. a) False b) True c) None Answer:b 8. Which method is used in central systems to complete out of categorize execution. a) Redundancy b) Score boarding c) Score Optimizing d) None Answer:b 9. The algorithm followed in most of the systems to perform out of order execution is ______. a) Tomasulo algorithm b) Score carding c) Reader-writer algorithm d) None of...
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...Logbook My cicuit training program is going to be a 12 week plan, to improve my overall physique and muscular endurance.i will be doing 2 different circuits, one beng a body weight circuit and the other a free weight circuit.my programme will include 3 sessions per week and start with 3 sets of 8 repetitions, after each set I will have a minute rest.i will measure my progression by decreasing e=rest periods and increasing the amount of reps. Also if I gradually start to find my sessions easier it will show my progression, as my cardiovascular endurance will have increased. My short term goals My short term goals, are what I hope to achieve at the end of each training session. These will be to… * relieve stress and become more focused * improve my self esteem and confidence long term goals long term goals are what my whole program is working towards, these goals are… * to improve my muscular strength and endurance * to improve my physique and muscualar appearance * to lower my risk of health diseases like high cholestral and obesity my program needs to be SMART Specific-my circuit is specific to improving my personal sport being football, I would like to increase my muscle mass and endurance and my cv endurance, to improve my stamina on the pitch and my tackling strength. Measurable- I will use the fit method, frequency,intensity and time.by doing this I will make my sessions more frequent and increase the intensity by having shorter rest periods...
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...ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS – K Hinds Circuit symbols are used in circuit diagrams which show how a circuit is connected together. The actual layout of the components is usually quite different from the circuit diagram. To build a circuit you need a different diagram showing the layout of the parts on stripboard or printed circuit board. Wires and connections Component Circuit Symbol Wire Function of Component To pass current very easily from one part of a circuit to another. A 'blob' should be drawn where wires are connected (joined), but it is sometimes omitted. Wires connected at 'crossroads' should be staggered slightly to form two Tjunctions, as shown on the right. In complex diagrams it is often necessary to draw wires crossing even though they are not connected. I prefer the 'bridge' symbol shown on the right because the simple crossing on the left may be misread as a join where you have forgotten to add a 'blob'! Wires joined Wires not joined Power Supplies Component Cell Circuit Symbol Function of Component Supplies electrical energy. The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+). A single cell is often called a battery, but strictly a battery is two or more cells joined together. Battery DC supply AC supply Fuse Transformer Earth (Ground) Supplies electrical energy. A battery is more than one cell. The larger terminal (on the left) is positive (+). Supplies electrical energy. DC = Direct Current, always flowing in one direction...
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...Design Automation and the Design of Integrated Circuits Abstract A circuit, simply put, is defined as a complete path around which an electric current can flow in order to complete a predesigned task. Circuit design is the intermediate process by which electrical circuits are moved from the specification stage - where the circuit’s purpose is determined - to the production stage, where all of the information necessary to build a working circuit is ready for implementation. In order to keep up with demand for consumer electronics, a fast and efficient way to design and construct the myriad types of circuitry must be in place. This essay will illustrate the basics of circuit design and describe the automated circuit design process. Electronic Design Automation In a large part of the world, electronics are a mainstay of modern society. In the beginning, electronics were much more simple in design, but with the caveat of being much larger today: in the 1980s cellular phones weighed upwards of two pounds and were about three times the size of modern cell phones. Over time, as electronics became smaller and as demand for them increased, a way to design and construct smaller and more efficient circuits became necessary. Enter Electronic Design Automation. An electric circuit is an electrical path that provides a path for an electrical current to flow. While it may seem like a simple matter to design and construct a circuit, the process has become quite intensive, requiring...
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...ESE 215 Introduction to Circuits and Systems Prepared by: The Task Group on ESE 215-205 N. Farhat, N. Engheta, J. Keenan, and V. Vuchic Background, Philosophy, and Motivation: Over the past few decades, the scope of electrical engineering (ESE in the context of our department) has expanded to a degree where the discipline risks effacement by diffusion [1]. This calls for hard thinking on how to reform traditional course offerings in our discipline in order to avoid incoherent bifurcations forced from the outside and to preserve its identity in view of profound changes taking place. We are not alone. Similar reforms are being discussed in physics education [2]. We as a relatively newly formed department of Electrical and Systems Engineering have had a head start in thinking about this issue recognizing that the challenge is to forge something better than the sum of its parts. This draft proposal is an attempt at reforming the present introductory Circuits and Systems course in our curriculum in order to partly meet this challenge. We have changed the course title to indicate that it will deal with “circuits and systems” concepts in a broader sense than the traditional electrical circuits alone. Our goal is that the course encompass electrical, optical (plasmonic), mechanical, fluidic, biological, neural, transportation, chemical, and ecological “circuits” and systems. Biochemical logic circuits using DNA-binding proteins, and bistable gene-regulatory...
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...dialing relies on a completely different concept. When using rotary dial, an electrical signal is applied an interrupted a number of times equal to the number the user wishes to dial. For instance, to dial a number 8 a telephone would have to interrupt the electrical signal 8 times. A pause signifies the completion of the first dialed numbered and the system prepares to receive the next number. Voice and Data Communication Systems Voice and data communication systems are the backbones of modern business organizations. Without these systems, business would quickly crumble due to competitors’ ability to leverage such systems to communicate changes in the market and other required business information very quickly. If my business had more than one employee and more than one location, then getting information from one point to the other without a voice or data network could potentially take long enough that my company would lose out on profits to my competitors. In short, voice and data communication systems enable businesses to survive in what has now become a world that moves at the speed of light. In this article, I will describe the voice and data communication systems I use to perform my job as an online reseller. The Telephone System I pay a monthly service fee to AT&T so that my home telephone is allowed to access the PSTN. The PSTN is a circuit switching network, which means a dedicated circuit is opened for a communication until that communication is closed by either of...
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...1 Executive Summary In 1971, Michael Cowpland and Terry Matthews incorporated and formed the company Mitel. They achieved immediate success with products that were composed of semiconductors, while they also sold semiconductors. They quickly achieved market dominance in the communications sector. As the communications sector became increasingly regulated by government, some of Mitel’s major customers lost market share resulting in fewer sales for Mitel. This resulted in Mitel’s competitors advancing ahead of them in industry dominance. Over time, Mitel was sold and resold with its share value increased, decreased, and then increased again but to only a fraction of what it used to be. Mitel continued to be a company that stayed rooted to its initial specialities in the communications industry. As other sectors developed to the extent that the communications sector only occupied 0.5 per cent of the overall market, Mitel has been unable to diversify such that its future is again dependant on unforeseen changes in the industry. It is critical that Mitel achieve the ability to secure product to enable further product development and enhance its research and development so it may diversify its products and balance its products among various markets, so that event changes in a particular market will not compromise the entirety of Mitel. 2 Overview In the 1960s, semiconductors were developed and quickly became the “backbone of all electronic devices. Consumer electronics...
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