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Electromagnetic

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HIERRO DULCE
Hierro "Soft" se utiliza en las asambleas magnéticos, electroimanes y en algunos motores eléctricos, y puede crear un campo de concentración que es hasta 50.000 veces más intenso que un núcleo de aire.
El hierro es deseable hacer núcleos magnéticos, ya que puede soportar altos niveles de campo magnético sin saturar
También se utiliza porque, a diferencia de hierro "duro", que no permanece magnetizado cuando se elimina el campo, que a menudo es importante en aplicaciones donde se requiere el campo magnético que ser cambiado varias veces.
Por desgracia, debido a la conductividad eléctrica del metal, a frecuencias de AC de un bloque mayor o barra de hierro dulce a menudo pueden sufrir de grandes corrientes de Foucault que circulan dentro de ella que la energía de residuos y causar un calentamiento indeseable de la plancha.
ACERO DE SILICIO LAMINADO
Debido a que el hierro es un relativamente buen conductor, no se puede utilizar en forma a granel con un campo que cambia rápidamente, tal como en un transformador, como intensa corrientes parásitas sería aparecer debido al campo magnético, lo que resulta en grandes pérdidas.
Se utilizan dos técnicas comúnmente juntos para aumentar la resistividad de hierro: laminación y de la aleación de hierro con el silicio. Laminación
Núcleos magnéticos laminados están hechos de láminas de hierro delgado y aislado, la mentira, lo más posible, en paralelo con las líneas de flujo. Usando esta técnica, el núcleo magnético es equivalente a muchos circuitos magnéticos individuales, cada uno de ellos recibir sólo una pequeña fracción del flujo magnético. Debido a que el flujo de las corrientes de Foucault alrededor de las líneas de flujo, las laminaciones evitan que la mayoría de las corrientes de Foucault fluya en absoluto, restringiendo cualquier flujo a mucho más pequeño, más delgado y por lo tanto las regiones de resistencia más altos. A partir de esto, se puede ver que el más delgadas las laminaciones, la inferior las corrientes de Foucault. Aleación de silicio
Una pequeña adición de silicio a los resultados de hierro en un aumento dramático de la resistividad, hasta cuatro veces mayor. El aumento adicional en la concentración de silicio afecta las propiedades mecánicas del acero, causando dificultades para rodar debido a la fragilidad.
Entre los dos tipos de acero al silicio, de grano orientado y de grano no orientado, GO es más deseable para los núcleos magnéticos. Es anisotrópico, que ofrece propiedades magnéticas mejores que GNO en una dirección. A medida que el campo magnético en los núcleos de inductor y el transformador es estática, es posible utilizar el acero GO en la orientación preferida.
HIERRO CARBONILO
Núcleos de polvo de hierro carbonilo, un hierro de alta pureza, tienen alta estabilidad de los parámetros a través de una amplia gama de temperaturas y los niveles de flujo magnético, con excelentes factores Q entre 50 kHz y 200 MHz. Polvos de hierro de carbonilo son básicamente constituido de tamaño micrométrico esferas de hierro recubiertas de una fina capa de aislamiento eléctrico. Esto es equivalente a un circuito magnético laminado microscópico, por lo tanto, la reducción de las corrientes de Foucault, particularmente a frecuencias muy altas.
Una aplicación popular de hierro carbonilo basado en núcleos magnéticos es de alta frecuencia y banda ancha inductores y transformadores.
POLVO DE HIERRO
Núcleos de polvo de hierro reducido de hidrógeno tienen una mayor permeabilidad, pero inferior Q. Se utilizan sobre todo para los filtros de interferencia electromagnética y choques de baja frecuencia, sobre todo en fuentes de alimentación conmutadas.
FERRITO
Cerámica de ferrita se utilizan para aplicaciones de alta frecuencia. Los materiales de ferrita pueden ser diseñados con una amplia gama de parámetros. Como la cerámica, que son esencialmente aislantes, lo que evita las corrientes de Foucault, aunque todavía pueden ocurrir pérdidas tales como pérdidas por histéresis.
METAL VÍTREO
De metal amorfo es una variedad de aleaciones que son no cristalino o vítreo. Estos se utilizan para crear los transformadores de alta eficiencia. Los materiales pueden ser muy sensible a los campos magnéticos de bajas pérdidas de histéresis y también pueden tener una menor conductividad para reducir pérdidas por corrientes parásitas. China está haciendo gran difusión industrial y utilización de la red de energía de estos transformadores para instalaciones nuevas.
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