...Introduction Resistance welding covers a wide range of specific processes, mainly use for highly automated or even fully mechanized welding application, the majority in mass production. All these processes, except one (ESW, electroslag welding), need a mechanical clamping and pressurizing system to compress the workpiece areas intended to be welded prior to welding. Thus, these welding applications are categorized as resistance pressure welding processes (See figure 1-1) Figure 1-1 principal types of resistance weld In Resistance Spot Welding, passage of a relatively high welding current I [kA] throughout a locally compressed workpiece area (by means of an electrode force F [daN]) during a properly defined period of time t [cyc, ms] heats this area due to resistive heating following (Figure 1-2) Figure 1-2 principal of resistance of spot welding Values for Welding Force [daN], Welding Current [kA] and Welding Time [cyc, ms] are available in database format, and these values are commonly used to make a base setting to start from. Fine tuning within the parameter range (weldability lobe) can be done in order to optimise towards a specific application according to EN ISO 14327-2004 (Resistance welding – Procedures for determining the weldability lobe for resistance spot, projection and seam welding). Such a weldability lobe...
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...Fabfurnish Following my under graduation, to tap the taste of start ups and ever growing interest in marketing – I started working ……<framing this> The front end marketing analytics, where direct cum indirect interaction with the customers and their reaction pushed us how to increase the conversion rate and engagement with audiences. <need to frame this> Customer Insights – based on that taking further actions Launching the new campaigns on facebook and optimizing them on the key metrics like CTR(Cost to revenue Ratio),CPC(Cost per Click),CPV(Cost per Visit)– lowering the CRR (Cost to Revenue Ratio – inverse of ROI) bought down by 70%. Optimization was done on the basis of reports in which number are stacked up from Google Analytics and FB Power Editor to check the bounce rate and Conversion Rate Good with reports and reports making Engaging in Mobile as this was the time in India (late 2014) where mobile grew as a major player in the advertising industry and various different inventory of FB like MPA (multiple ads) and doing the category wise segmentation & performing the strategic group analysis which help in growth of 40% mobile revenue. - - -> key insight ran ads of those products which have low basket value (<1000 INR) since audience have more interaction for these products on mobile platform and thus increasing the funds in this segment and generating a 14 lac transaction in a single day through optimized reports * To show interest in...
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...and two 8-inch pieces of angle iron. The bar will serve as the top crossbar in your frame while the angle irons will join the frame to a wooden base. 3• Stand all three tubes on their ends, with the long tubes 5.5 inches apart. Place the short tube in between them and use an arc welder to weld the steel crossbar at their top ends, and the angle iron pieces on both sides of their bottom ends. This will make a rectangular metal frame with the short pipe in the middle of one short side. • 4 File or grind any rough edges from your frame, then paint it. The paint will dampen down any shavings. Once painted, it can be attached to a wooden base by passing screws through the holes in the angle iron piece. • 5 Make the press canister by welding a circular piece cut from your plate steel onto one end of a wide steel tube. Drill holes through the outside of the canister and file down any rough edges. • 6 Form the press piston by cutting another circle of plate steel just small enough to fit inside the press canister. On one side of the disk, weld a short length of pipe with a diameter big enough to fit snugly over the end of the short pipe in the press's frame. • 7 Chop off the bottom third of a round plastic jug and cut a hole in the center of it big enough for the middle pipe in your frame. This will collect the oil as it drips...
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...preheat holes or in a two-piece tip the cutting tip will overheat and explode. a. True b. False 4. A cutting torch is used for cutting, welding, and heating. a. True b. False 5. Most hand torches can cut metal up to seven inches thick. a. True b. False 6. It is possible to cut steel that is four feet thick. a. True b. False 7. Acetylene should be used in a two-piece cutting tip. a. True b. False 8. Acetylene cutting tips should be one piece with 1 to 6 preheat holes. a. True b. False 9. The chance of a flashback is less with low pressure regulator settings that with high pressure settings. a. True b. False 10. The oxyfuel gas cutting torch works as a result of the metal being rapidly melted. a. True b. False 11. Hard slag is easier than soft slag to remove. a. True b. False 12. Distortion is not a problem if the correct fuel gas is used. a. True b. False 13. By looking at the drag lines in a cut, you can determine whether the cut was made correctly or incorrectly. a. True b. False 14. The two major methods for controlling distortion while make a cut is making two parallel cuts at the same time and speed and making a short cut and skipping a strip to keep the plate from separating. a. True b. False 15. The advantaged of a combination welding and cutting...
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...Molding Methods Molding process is used to create intricate metal components. The mold material used to make these “molds” could be either temporary or permanent. Temporary molds are made up of refractory sands and resins. The temporary mold has to be broken to retrieve the cast. Permanent molds are made of ferrous materials and are normally employed for casting low melting point materials but this process is too costly. Because of this conundrum, most of the foundry industry has its castings produced using temporary mold materials. Compared to permanent molds, the temporary sand molds can cast high melting point materials and larger parts, while permanent molds can produce small castings of better quality and dimensional accuracy. Sand casting uses temporary sand molds to form complex metal components that can be made of almost any alloy. Sand casting has a relatively lower production rate as each time the part solidifies, the mold has to be broken to retrieve the part. The sand casting process makes use of a furnace, metal, pattern, and sand mold. The metal is melted in the furnace, ladled, and then poured into the cavity of the refractory sand molds. The sand mold is separated using “parting sad” and the solidified cast can be removed. Its relatively cheap and can even be used for steel foundry use. Apart from sand, a bonding agent such as clay is generally used. Water or some other moisturising agent is added to this mixture to develop strength and plasticity of the clay...
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...Variations of Joint Designs or Energy Directors For the design of plastic parts for assembly with ultrasonic energy, many recommendations exist to save time, energy and tooling modifications. The first step for a designer is to determine the most suitable joining technique. The following variations are possible: Ultrasonic Welding Ultrasonic Swaging, Staking, Spot-Welding Ultrasonic Insertion Ultrasonic Welding The molten material builds at the contact area of the energy director between the to be welded parts. The ultrasonic waves are transferred through the part to the joint area. Common "standard" joint designs include: Basic 90 Degree Energy Director 90 Degree Energy Director Step Joint 90 Degree Energy Director Tongue & Groove Herrmann Ultrasonics Mash Joint Double V-Point Tongue & Groove The recommended process examples listed above can be varied with inserted gaskets or in-molded 2K injection molded gaskets. Ultrasonic Swaging, Staking, Spot-Welding please click for enlargement In addition to conventional types of joint design for bonding injection molded plastic parts, ultrasonic welding can be used in a verity of forms to accomplish a mechanical bond when only one part is of thermoplastic material. Common applications include: Swaging, for deforming or bending an area of a plastic piece to trap the other part (of different plastic or other materials). Through swaging, different kinds of plastic parts...
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...operation. B&L manufactured approximately 40 trailers per year, with about two-thirds produced during the period from November to April. The outrigger bracket, part number T-178, was an accessory that could be used to secure oversized containers. The bracket consisted of four component parts welded together, and each trailer sold by B&L had 20 brackets – 10 per side. The Metal Fabricating Division was presently manufacturing the outrigger bracket. The subassembly parts – T-67, T-75, T-69, and T-77 – were processed on a burn table, which cut the raw material to size. Although the burn table could work with eight stations, this machine had only been operating with one station. The final assembly operation, T-70, was performed at a manual welding station. Manufacturing lead time for the outrigger bracket was two weeks. However, the Metal Fabricating Division had been able to coordinate supply and production with assembly operations. Consequently, finished inventory levels of the outrigger bracket were kept to a minimum. B&L’sinventory holding costs were 20 percent...
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...your First project Welding technology offer's society many beneficial ability's in enginering, construction, architecture, and also creates varied safety Concern's for the individual tradesmen' "tradeswomen"and their environment's. Welding Cover's a temperature range from 1500 F - 3000 ººF (800 ºC - 1635 ºC) and poses certain inevitable inherent risk's. As a skilled worker in this industry, one must proactively plan, prepare for any and all possible problem's, determine solution's and prepare preventative measures to use in case they arrive. Many welders reflecting on thier welding shop experience can admit they have acquired scars, acknowledge the dangers, and admit the necessity of demonstrating a professional respect for proper personal safety equipment and techniques. it has been said “If you play with fire you get burned” There are three main different risk's associated with welding including , heat, inhaling toxic fumes and electrical shock that are the most hazardous to your health, other various danger's include Gas leak, fire's and explosion's. In addition the extreme heat welding creates can burn you in many ways if not properly protected. There is ultraviolet light generated by the welding arc “electrical connection between welder and workpiece” that can cause severe radient heat, sunburns and increase your risk of skin cancer. Sparks can burn right through your gloves, boots and multiple layers of clothing even specialized welding coats! Using personal protection...
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...FLEXIBLY DIVIDED DOUBLE LUMEN ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE Viren Sunil Kalsekar, Joy Lee, Jenny Qiu, Nicholas Ragosta, Javier Ramos, David Taylor Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA ABSTRACT Endotracheal tubes (ETT), are used to maintain patient airway access during surgical procedures. The design presented here addresses a current need of the gold standard ETT by allowing for the passage of a larger bronchoscope through the inner lumen of the ETT while keeping outer dimensions constant. This design incorporates a flexible membrane with a wavy geometry to ensure a return to the neutral axis, thus allowing for even ventilation of both lungs. Flow tests simulating surgical ventilation conditions were conducted. These results confirmed that adequate air flow could be obtained independent of any pressure differences across the membrane. Tests of the prototype also confirmed that maximum instrumentation diameter was increased through this design when compared to a commercially available ETT with identical outer dimensions (35 Fr). Finite element analysis was conducted to determine the necessary thickness of the membrane for a safe design. One key design feature of the membrane is that its state of maximum deflection (2.1mm) does not significantly hinder airflow through the smaller lumen. Tests to further evaluate the functional requirements of safety and ease of use are currently under way. Methods of manufacturing this design are also under investigation. Keywords:...
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...16 PREPARING TO WELD 17 17 17 18 18 2 3 COMPRESSED GASSES AND EQUIPMENT HAZARDS ................................... 3 ADDITIONAL SAFETY INFORMATION ......... 4 PREPARING A SAFE WELDING WORK AREA.. PREPARING THE WORK PIECE ............. ALUMINUM WELDING PREPARATION ........ CONNECT WELDER GROUND .............. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 5 5 5 5 5 OPERATION GETTING TO KNOW YOUR NEW WELDER .... SETTING THE CONTROLS ................. HOLDING THE GUN ....................... Position of the Gun to the Work Piece ......... Distance from the Work Piece ............... LAYING A BEAD .......................... CLEANING THE WELD BEAD ............... 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 SPECIFICATIONS ......................... WELDER CONTROLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS. DUTY CYCLE ............................. INTERNAL THERMAL PROTECTION .......... ASSEMBLY AND INSTALLATION 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 UNPACKING YOUR WELDER ................ INSTALL THE GROUND CLAMP .............. INSTALL WELDING GUN ASSEMBLY .......... PROVIDE REQUIRED POWER ............... Power Requirements ....................... Connect Welder to Power Source ............. Extension Cord Use ........................ INSTALL TANK TRAY AND BRACKET .......... SELECT SHIELDING GAS ................... WELDING TECHNIQUES...
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...Platinum Chain Making Tino Volpe • TIFFANY & CO. History The definition of chain is as simple as interlocking links of metal. If the metal happens to be precious metal, then we consider the chain jewelry. In preparing for this paper, I began my research with the understanding that finding information on chain making, especially historical information, would be a fairly simple task. However, after looking through old copies of jewelry history books, surfing the internet, and interviewing people with a long history in the industry, I arrived at the conclusion that the history of chain making is either a well kept secret or just not of much interest to anyone. Precious metal chain for jewelry has been around for a long time. Basically when man first began working extensively with gold back in Neolithic times he found that certain metals, most notably pure gold, were extremely ductile and could be hammered and stretched to a great degree. With the invention of wire, man could now take something rigid like metal and turn it into something flexible like chain. Chain making has always been, up until the middle of the 18th century, a labor-intensive time consuming hand operation. It was a well-versed art and most books on jewelry will demonstrate basic techniques on making chain by hand. Before automated wire drawing machines, the craftsman had to hammer down and pull metal through succeeding smaller dies to form thin wire. Once the wire was pulled down to the needed diameter...
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...Callum Chisholm Personal Details: D.O.B: 11/07/91 Home Address: 23 Hillcrest Avenue, Chadstone Contact No: 0459902525 Interests: Footy, gym and surfing. Schooling: Completed Years 7 – 10, Salesian College, Chadstone Subjects: • Health and Human Development units 1, 2 • PE • Maths Methods • Religious Education • English General • D&T Wood work • Italian Completed year 11, Box Hill Senior Secondary College Subjects: • Maths General units 1, 2 • English General units 1, 2 • Biology units 1, 2 • Psychology units 1, 2 • PE units 1, 2 • Health and Human development units 3, 4 Completed year 12, Box Hill Senior Secondary College, Mont Albert Subjects: • Maths Further units 3, 4 • English Further units 3, 4 • Biology units 3, 4 • P.E units 3, 4 • Psychology units 3, 4 Qualifications: • Level 1 First Aid certificate • First year certificate in Hospitality • RSA • Food Handling Certificate Availability: Full time, as well as any overtime offered. Previous Job Employment: St James East Bentleigh Primary School (Work Experience Year 9) Occupation: Teachers Hand Description: Helping primary school students with class work and homework, correcting class work. Shanikas Italian Trattoria, 317 Stephensons rd Mount Waverley (March 07-January 08) Occupation: Waiter/Chef Job description: Serving Customers food, helping head chef prepare meals for customers, preparing a variety of dishes for customers, (deserts salads) (cold...
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...NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DURGAPUR A PROJECT REPORT ON “SPOT BURR REDUCTION BY IMPROVING THE WORKABILITY OF SPOT GUN” Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering Submitted By Mayukh Biswas ( 10/ME/27) Project Work Carried Out at Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited Under the Guidance of Mr. Abhinand S AM Underbody, Weld Shop ( Plant 1 ) Toyota Kirloskar Motor (TKM) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DURGAPUR (DEEMED UNIVERSITY) M.G. ROAD, DURGAPUR 713209 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Project work entitled “SPOT BURR REDUCTION BY IMPROVING THE WORKABILITY OF SPOT GUN” Carried out by Mayukh Biswas bearing R. No. : 10/ME/27 in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering of National Institute of Technology, Durgapur. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporate in the Report. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for said Degree. Mr. Abhinand S AM Underbody, Weld Shop (Plant 1) Toyota Kirloskar Motor (TKM) Ms. Mili Mathew HR Learning & Development Toyota Kirloskar Motor (TKM) Acknowledgement It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge the numerous personalities involved in lending their help to make this Project Work titled “ SPOT BURR REDUCTION...
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...One artist I found particularly interesting was David Smith. He was born in 1906 in Indiana. In 1921, his family moved to Ohio. While in high school, Smith enrolled in a correspondence course in cartooning offered by the Cleveland Art School and made illustrations for his high school yearbook. After he graduated, Smith attended Ohio University for one year. During his summer vacation, he worked for an automobile factory as a riveter; he also did soldering, spot-welding, and worked a lathe. This, in my opinion, may be the first influence of his artwork (especially the Cubi pieces, being he used material requiring that type of work). Next, Smith attended Notre Dame University and took a job at a finance agency. Smith moved to NYC, planning to work at a bank. There, he met a woman (Dehner) who studied at the Art Students League. Upon her recommendation, Smith enrolled in ASL. He took evening painting and that summer, the two of them visited upstate New York, where they bought a decrepit house and barn on 86 acres of land. For the next five years, Smith studied with artists Sloan, Nicolaides, and Matulka, (the last who he took private classes with). Smith also explored New York culture, taking an interest in modern dance and jazz music, which I believe is portrayed through his abstract artwork. From October 1931 to June 1932, Smith and Dehner lived in St. Thomas, where Smith painted and assembled small constructions using pieces of wood, coral, and other found objects...
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...Reduction of Wrinkling Defect in Deep Drawing Process Abstract. The aim of this experiment is to obtain the best parameters for reducing wrinkle defect during deep drawing process. Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process where a punch is utilized to force a flat sheet metal to flow into the gap between the punch and die surfaces. Due to that, the sheet metal will deformed into the desired shape. Some of the most common outcomes in deep drawing process are tearing and wrinkling or the formation of uneven height at the top rim of a drawn part due to the material anisotropy. Wrinkling as become a serious obstacle to forming quality and part functions and finally results in scraps. This defects are caused due to change in parameters like blank holder force, Die radius, punch radius, blank diameter, friction, and blank thickness. This project involves the experimental studies of the die design to investigate the formability of sheet metal. From the data documentation, the result were concluded to determine the effect of different parameters on wrinkling phenomenon during sheet metal forming process. Keywords: deep drawing, wrinkling defect, sheet metal, drawing punch, drawing die 1. Introduction In this experiment, 20 tonnage deep drawing machine was used to draw a sheet metal of 1mm thickness to produce a cup of diameter 50 mm. At first, sheet metal was cut into the required shape and placed on the die. Punch is fixed on the top of machine which give compressive force on the...
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