...Perceptions on Islamic Banking Acceptance Abstract This research was conducted to investigate bank employee perceptions on Islamic banking acceptance. The questionnaires were distributed to bank employee at Maybank Islamic Wangsa Maju (Islamic bank) and Maybank Setapak (Islamic window) Kuala Lumpur. Interestingly, few of the bank employees possessed a relevant academic background or relevant experience in banking on this career. The bank employee also claimed that they had very limited knowledge in this area prior to working with the banks; thus, the issue of the availability of well-trained and skilled employees must be addressed critically by the government, industry players and educationists for the sustainable growth of Islamic banking in Malaysia, and to meet the target set for the year 2011. Keywords: Bank Employees perceptions, Islamic Banking, Product & Service, Training & Experience 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study In 1970, Islamic banking was almost unknown and considered to be wishful thinking. By the early years of the twenty-first century, however, Islamic banking the deniable truth has emerged, for it is growing at a steady pace. The size of the industry, which amounted to a few hundred thousand dollars in 1975, had reached billions of dollars by 2004. The value of Shari’ah-compliant accounts worldwide is estimated between US$200 billion and US$500 billion and is growing at an average annual rate of 10-15 per cent. It is predicted that Islamic banks...
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...Islamic Revivalism Movement Towards The Establishment Of Islamic Banking And Finance In Malaysia Islamic revivalism refers to a revival of the Islamic religion throughout the Islamic world, that began roughly sometime in 1970s and is manifested in greater religious piety, and community feeling, and in a growing adoption of Islamic culture, dress, terminology, separation of the sexes, and values by Muslims. It has been defined by some of the Muslim scholar as the cleansing in an effort to return Islam to its original pure form. One striking example of it is the increase in attendance at the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, which grew from 90,000 in 1926 to 2 million in 1979 (Kepel, Gilles, Jihad: on the Trail of Political Islam, Harvard University Press, 2002) The emergence of the Islamic revivalist movements in Malaysia in 1970 was spawned by the global Islamic resurgence and internal fissures or cracks in the Malay Muslim community. There has been an intensification of Islamic activities since the 1970s which include the establishment of Islamic banking and finance. The process of Islamization in Malaysia started in line with the concept of Islam as Ad-deen, a way of life in this world and the Hereafter, every ibadah commanded by Allah S.W.T. is of benefit in this and the next world. Since the beginning Muslims are obligated to perform the Hajj pilgrimage. And Muslims have to find enough money for the journey to the Holy Land. To avoid riba' (usury) which is haram...
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...Research Question:- Islamic Finance in Ireland- Prospects and Barriers Introduction:- Islamic finance is relatively small compared to the international financial system, but it is growing rapidly at 15% to 20% annually and expanding very fast due to many factors, increasing in oil prices is an obvious one and the large sum of capital recorded in the books of Islamic institutions. In the last decade Islamic finance started to move into Europe and the USA due to the lack of investment opportunities in the Middle East and the need for its boost to some local economies. In this regard i will try to find out about the emergence of Islamic finance into the Irish financial market and its prospects and barriers. What are the financial benefits for both side and the Irish economy in particular? The trends and prospects for Islamic finance? The barriers to entry into the Irish financial system? Literature Review:- The main topic to be examined is Islamic finance entry to the Irish financial market, particularly the barriers it might face and the prospects and trends. Since Islamic finance and Sharia compliant products are new to Irish market, it is hard to find previous researches about this issue. However, there are quite number of articles focusing on the matter, often written by economists, journalist and concerned people, and there are some reports issued by the like of department of finance, European central bank (ECB) and the Irish Islamic chamber of commerce. Some of the...
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...1. Islamic banking is banking activity that is consistent with the principles of Sharia- Islamic law and participates actively in achieving the goals and objectives of an Islamic economy. Sharia prohibits the interest-based transactions and Investing in businesses that provide goods or services considered contrary (vrazrez) to Islamic principles, for example alcohol, pork, gambling (igra na birze,azartnaja igra), or businesses that produce media such as gossip columns or pornography. The aim of this is to engage in only ethical investing, and moral purchasing. 2. Interest-free banking seems to be of very recent origin. The earliest references to the organisation of banking on the basis of profit sharing rather than interest are found in 1946. In the next two decades interest-free banking attracted more attention, partly because of the political interest it created in Pakistan and partly because of the emergence of young Muslim economists. In The early 1970s were held several conferences on Islamic Economics and banking. The involvement of institutions and governments led to the application of theory to practice and resulted in the establishment of the first interest-free banks. The Islamic Development Bank, an inter-governmental bank established in 1975, was born of this process. It was set up with the mission to provide funding to projects in the member countries. The efforts undertaken in the 1980’s to Islamize the economy at national level are considered as pioneering...
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...What is Sharia Banking? London is the leading Islamic banking center in the West, and the Netherlands is seeking to overtake London in this regard. Wall Street is becoming enamored with Islamic banking (also known as Sharia banking) and this banking model is rapidly gaining acceptance in the Western world. Unlike the traditional banking model most Westerners are familiar with, Islamic banks are managed according to Sharia law. The main difference between Western banking and Islamic banking is the Quran prohibits the collection of interest in all monetary transactions, charging fees (and donations) for services provided in lieu of charging interest on loaned capital. Islamic banks are also governed by a Sharia Advisory Board, which is comprised of Islamic scholars and clerics who are responsible to ensure all of the bank's activities are in strict compliance with Sharia (Islamic) law. Those in favor of Islamic banking believe the Islamic banking system is superior to the capitalistic model of the West, because it is structured around a "strict code of ethics" (based on the Quran) and is prohibited from "exploitative practices" (including the charging of interest). According to Islamic banking proponents, this allows banking to be an integral part of a moral society (governed by the Quran). In contrast, they believe capitalism is solely focused on money (profit) and this incites greed and the exploitation of others, which leads to the social problems in the West, including the division...
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...Note: This Introduction appears in Christopher Napier & Roszaini Haniffa (eds) Islamic Accounting (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2011), pp. xiii-xx. The printed version may differ slightly from the text set out below, and the printed version should be regarded as definitive. An Islamic Perspective of Accounting: Introduction and Overview Christopher Napier and Roszaini Haniffa Introduction The emergence of Islamic banks and other Islamic financial institutions since the 1970s has stimulated a modern literature that has identified itself as addressing “Islamic Accounting”. What does the term “Islamic Accounting” mean in the rapidly growing contemporary literature? Napier (2009) has proposed three interrelated aspects: a historically-oriented sense, in which “Islamic Accounting” refers to ideas and practices in Muslim-majority countries in past periods; a practice-oriented sense, where the focus is on how entities describing themselves as “Islamic” account for and report their transactions and activities; and a principle-oriented sense, where fundamental accounting concepts and methods form a coherent body of ideas and practices based on the religion of Islam. The word “Islam” means total submission or surrender to the will of God (Allah), and a Muslim is one who so submits. However, this raises the question of how Muslims can determine what the will of God is. The principal sources are the Qur’an, which is considered by Muslims to be the exact words of revelation from...
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...Impact of Crusades in European History The time referred to as the High Middle Ages in Europe in the 11th century was in stark contrast to the Europe of the Renaissance. The continent was divided into kingdoms of weaker monarchs fragmented into small fiefdoms. The political landscape was dominated by the powerful aristocracy and even more powerful men of the religion. Life conditions were dismal for most of the population, trade was nearly nonexistent. In terms of arts and sciences, European civilization was dwarfed by those of the Middle East and Asia. Yet, in a couple centuries Europe would become one of the most powerful, sophisticated civilizations in the world. This change can be attributed in no small part to its interaction with the Orient though Crusades that spanned from the end of the 11th century to the end of the 13th century. The 35,000 men that joined the first Crusade embarked on a journey to a world that was very different than Europe. After capturing Jerusalem and settling down in various places in the Middle East, they saw that the Muslims lived luxurious lives. Their civilization was hundreds of years ahead of their own in terms of culture, technology and sciences. The Arabs had spent centuries in major cities copying the texts of classical Greek philosophers and making additions on the existing body of knowledge. The works of philosopher scientists such as Ibn Sina and Biruni were taught in European centers of learning emerging at the time of the first...
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...undertaken to provide an overview of previous studies related to this particular study. The first section starts with the Principles of Islamic Banking and a description of the products. The next one consists of studies indicating the relief provided by Islamic Microfinance institutions globally. The remaining sections comprise of the factors affecting the demand of Islamic financial products namely, awareness, religious factors and trust among parties. The last sections include the Mauritian government’s assistance in introducing Islamic Finance in the country and measures taken to set high standards and women empowerment. 2.1.1 Products...
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...Banking plays an important role in the economy of any country. In Bangladesh Muslim holds the majority of the population. Though, no Islamic banking but only traditional banking system was developed here till 1983. However, interest is absolutely prohibited in Islam. The main aim of traditional banking is to earn profit by borrowing and lending money in exchange of interest. As a result there is an unfair competition among the bankers and among the customers. The people of this country are profoundly committed to Islamic way of life as enshrined in the holy Qur‟an and the Sunnah. Naturally, it remains deep in their hearts to fashion and design their economic lives in accordance with the precepts of Islam. The establishment of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited on March 13, 1983, is the true reflection of this inner urge of its people, which started functioning with erect from March 30, 1983. Now, a question may arise- „what is Islami Banking?‟ According to OIC- “Islamic bank is a financial institution whose status, rules and procedures expressly state its commitment to the principle of Islamic Shariah and to the banning of the receipt and payment of interest on any of its operations.” This bank is the first of its kind in South-East Asia. It is committed to conduct all banking and investment activities on the basis of interest fee profit-loss sharing system. In doing so, it has unveiled a new horizon and ushered in a new silver lining of hope towards materializing a long cherished...
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...Malaysian Financial System Content Outline 1. The Banking System ............................................................................. 1-2 2. The Functions and Responsibilities of Monetary and Non-Monetary Institutions ............................................................................................. 1-6 3. The Functions and Responsibilities of Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries...................................................................................... 1-16 4. Other Institutions / Bodies.................................................................. 1-30 5. Summary and Conclusion .................................................................. 1-34 Practice Questions ...................................................................................... 1-35 Learning Objectives What you should achieve after completing this chapter: • Understand the importance of the Malaysian financial system; • Be able to apply the relevant statutory and regulatory provisions governing the Malaysian banking system; • Appreciate the functions and responsibilities of monetary and non-monetary institutions, together with non-bank financial intermediaries; • Gain knowledge of the role of Bank Negara Malaysia; and • Understand the scope of the regulatory framework within the Malaysian financial system. © Institut Bank-Bank Malaysia 1-2 CCP-FSPC The Malaysian Financial System 1. 1.1 The Banking System Brief history of the Malaysian financial...
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...1.0 Introduction Islamic commercial contracts play an important role in Islamic finance since they provide viable alternatives to interest-bearing instrument. These contracts can find ready applications and would not hinder the growth of corporate business in this country. Asset purchases can be made possible via murabahah and ai bai bithaman ajil financing.[1] For business expansion and start up, the al- ijarah, mudarabah and musyarakah products have good potential. But if someone needs cash to pay debts or settle a down payment, buy shares, house renovation or even to go on a vacation. The above instruments may not help us get the cash we want. A pawn broking operation is relatively straightforward. The borrower simply needs to place a pledge or security for the amount of debt needed. Rahnu is a means of providing short term financing to the public by pawning his/her jewellery to banks or pawnshops as a security. It is one of the microcredit and financial instruments for low income earners seeking financial assistance to meet their fast working capital needs. [2] The inclusion of syariah regulation in the banking system in 1983 has encouraged its implementation in other finance institutions such as insurance, trust unit and Islamic pawn broking (ar-rahnu). The main reason is to eliminate interest which was imposed by pawn brokers as payment from the cash being loaned. The effect can be seen by the emergence of two pawn broking systems in Malaysia,...
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...or a combination of items to another item. Ratio analysis is used to evaluate various aspects of a company’s operating and financial performance such as its efficiency, liquidity, profitability, and solvency. Ratios are also compared across different companies in the same sector to see how they stack up, and to get an idea of comparative valuations. Through this research it will be apparently shown that how the bank’s financial condition. I have choose five commercial bank they are as follow- * Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd (IBBL): Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited is a Joint Venture Public Limited Company engaged in commercial banking business based on Islamic Shari'ah with 63.09% foreign shareholding having largest branch network ( total 286 Branches) among the private sector Banks in Bangladesh. It was established on the 13th March 1983 as the first Islamic Bank in the South East Asia. It is listed with Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd. and Chittagong Stock Exchange Ltd. Authorized Capital of the Bank is Tk. 20,000.00 Million and Paid-up Capital is Tk. 14,636.28 Million having 33,686 shareholders as on 31st December 2013. * Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd (DBBL): Dutch-Bangla Bank Ltd is a scheduled joint venture commercial bank between local Bangladeshi parties’ chairman of M Sahabuddin Ahmed and the Dutch company. DBBL commenced formal operation from June3, 1996. The bank is listed with the DSE and CSE. It is the most innovative and technologically...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Overview In recent years, researchers have identified that the offshore outsourcing of services is starting to become a thriving business area, serves as a tool for maintaining and increasing the competitiveness and also an important asset of international growth strategies of many service firms. Bryborn & Jantell (2005) states that every now and then there is a boom of interest in cutting operating costs and every time there is a different ways of how it is done. In the 1990’s, the trends used to cut costs were re-engineering of business processes. However, in the early 2000’s, after the economical downturn, there was a similar trend to reorganize business processes and the trend was called offshore outsourcing. The major driving force for offshore outsourcing are customers who wants more of everything for less money. In MIDAS Bulletin Oct-Dec 2004 publication mentioned that, “ Malaysia is among the top three contenders for offshoring business in the world according to the 2004 Offshore Location Attractiveness Index compiled by the global management consulting firm A.T. Kearney, sources were quoted. Malaysia is ranked 3rd behind India (1st) and China (2nd) but ahead of Singapore (5th), Philippines (6th) and Thailand (13th). In its report, A.T. Kearney considers Malaysia a “ natural choice” for offshore services in view of its low costs, particularly for infrastructure, the most attractive business environment among emerging...
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...MANAGING FINANCIAL RISKS OF SUKUK STRUCTURES Ali Arsalan Tariq M.Sc. International Banking Copyright AA Tariq, September 2004 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science at Loughborough University, UK. Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my family – mother, father and my siblings – for their undying love. I would never have come so far without them. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank my supervisor, Dr. Humayon Dar, for his insightful guidance and for always being welcoming and patient with my unannounced visits throughout the year. This dissertation would never have been produced otherwise. Last but not least, I would like to thank my friends at Loughborough University that have made my summer of 2004 all the more memorable. For everything that is right, credit goes to all of the above. For anything that is wrong, I am culpable. Ali Arsalan Tariq September 2004 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Islamic Financial Assets: Overview of Theoretical Aspects 2.1 Prohibitions 2.1.1. Prohibition of Riba (Interest) ` 2.1.2. Prohibitions of Gharar (Excessive Uncertainty) 2.1.3. Avoidance of Unethical Investments and Services 2.2 Alternative Basis of Financial Instruments 2.2.1 Partnership Contracts 2.2.2. Exchange Contracts 2.2.3. Financial Assets III. Evolution and Profile of Sukuk Structures and Markets 3.1 Types of Sukuk 3.1.1 Pure Ijarah Sukuk 3.1.2. Hybrid/Pooled Sukuk 3...
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...The needs to revisit the gold dinar as a monetary stability has been voiced out by many scholars and ulama’s since 1970s. The resistance towards the interest economy could be the major motivation for the comeback of gold dinar. The prohibition of interest is not only mentioned in the Quran but the Bible and Torah. The gold prices are indeed relatively stable compared to other commodity prices, exchange rate movement and the stock market index. Manipulation of currencies and the impact toward one economy could be reduced because of the fact that gold does not inflate in value as it is a commodity and, thus has an intrinsic value. The counterfeiting would be checked if gold coin were used. By sing dinar and elimination of interest, Islamic country would have a stable currency and monetary systems, money supply growth can be expected not to overshoot growth in the real sector, thus eliminating the inflationary pressure in the economy. If all these exchange rates are eliminated by means of a single currency like...
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