...disorders. 3. Traumatic events do not always result in a diagnosable psychological disorder. What factors determine how a person may be affected by one such event? Every individual reacts to trauma differently. Their personal resiliency, biological processes, childhood experiences, social support systems and cultural background can a play a part in whether or not they develop a diagnosable psychological disorder. 4. What is the link between personality styles and heart disease? Type a personalities have certain characteristics that can lead to heart disease. Type A's tend to lean towards hostility and time urgency which increases the heart rate. Those with repressive coping styles also have a sharp rise in heart rate and blood pressure when in stressful situations. Both of these can contribute to heart disease due to the added effort required for the heart to compensate for the stress reactions. Type B personalities are more relaxed and do not experience such rises in heart rate and blood pressure so their heart does not have to work as hard. 5. List and briefly describe four psychological treatments for physical disorders. Four psychological treatments for...
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...Proposal Background information: B.L Frederickson (2000) first theorised a strategy for stress management, stating that “people might improve their psychological well-being… [through] cultivating experiences of positive emotions at opportune moments to cope with negative emotion”. This was developed by Folkman (1997) and W. Knight (2001), similarly claiming that the experience of positive stimuli may help to reduce chronic stress. However, Knight and Schriffin and Nelson (2008) both proposed that in the presence of positive stimuli, heart rates lower while happiness levels rise, resulting in overall decreased stress levels. Subsequently, this investigation intends to explore the effect of positive stimuli upon happiness and stress levels within participants, measured through the Oxford Happiness Index. Aim: To investigate the relationship between heart rate and happiness levels, measured through the Oxford Happiness Index scores. Research Design: Experimental Method of Data Collection: Subjective quantitative (OHI) and objective quantitative (HR). IV: Physical arousal and psychological state before and after exposure to stimuli. DV: OHI scores and heart rate. Hypothesis: As heart rate decreases, the OHI will increase after exposure to stimuli. Data analysis: Measures of the OHI were taken through pre and post exposures to the calming stimuli to establish a base-line of measurement. The mean, median and standard deviations of the data were recorded, tabulated...
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...1. Kent and Jebreel both ask Danielle out on a date. Kent is very attractive and a lot of fun to be with, but he’s also employed. Jebreel is older than Kent, has a secure job, and owns his own home; however, Jebreel is quite unattractive and not very much fun. Daniel chooses to go out with Jebreel instead of Kent. The ______ theory of motivation would best predict Daniel’s choice. Concept tested: Theory’s of motivation Page 399: Instinct theory is motivation based off of inherent automatic behavior. These occur consistently because of stimuli. This is how birds build nests perfectly as soon as they leave their family. I chose A, Drive reduction theory. Drive reduction focuses on a homeostasis in the body. There are needs that ruin the equlibrium, and our brain responds to these with drives, a feeling that prompts action. This restores balance. This concept is wrong because Danielle makes her decision based off of herself a human being wanting to go to the more secure and safe person, which is instinct. The imbalance was not a part of this question. Correct answer is C, Instinct. 5. Juan is obsessed with building up his bank balance, even though he is quite comfortable and prosperous now. One situation exemplifies the power of Concept tested: Theory’s of motivation Page 402/403 bottom right: Secondary drives are stimuli that achieve primary drives through learned mechanisms. This is usually characterized through money. I chose C, homeostasis. Homeostasis...
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...People have fears all the time. The emotion something bad is going to happen, that sits inside of a person so unpleasantly and causes anxiety. People put their bodies through all sorts of things, of an outcome people desire. For instance winning money, or being recognized. Some don't understand the risks they are taking and that is why they are able to compete without fear. Other people do think about all the possibilities and over think which causes the anxiety, but the prize is still there so they attempt to perform the best they can. Others decide to not risk their life or the suffering and decide to step out knowing they have quit. Fear is everywhere and people deal with it every day. However, people decide to continue with knowledge of...
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...system is dominant and maintains a lower degree of physiological arousal, helping to decrease heart rate (Appelhans & Luecken, 2005). Often when people are under high amounts of stress, a person’s HRV can fluctuate (Frazen et al., 2011). Additionally, HRV data can be altered when sleep deprivation is involved. Moreover, the autonomic systems are known to have drastic changes when sleep deprivation and stress are associated together (Appelhans & Luecken, 2005). Previous research has shown that the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) does measure fluctuations in cardiovascular measures. One study conducted by Von Dawans and colleagues (2011) measured 25 healthy individuals using the TSST and looked at the results of each participant’s HRV levels, cortisol levels, and psychosocial stress. Results showed that the TSST did have significant...
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...Stress (psychology), an unpleasant state of emotional and physiological arousal that people experience in situations that they perceive as dangerous or threatening to their well-being. The word stress means different things to different people. Some people define stress as events or situations that cause them to feel tension, pressure, or negative emotions such as anxiety and anger. Others view stress as the response to these situations. This response includes physiological changes-such as increased heart rate and muscle tension-as well as emotional and behavioral changes. However, most psychologists regard stress as a process involving a person's interpretation and response to a threatening event. Stress is a common thing we all experience. We may feel stress when we are very busy, have important deadlines to meet, or have too little time to finish all of our tasks. Often people experience stress because of problems at work or in social relationships, such as a poor evaluation by a supervisor or an argument with a friend. Some people may be particularly vulnerable to stress in situations involving the threat of failure or personal humiliation. Others have extreme fears of objects or things associated with physical threats-such as snakes, illness, storms, or flying in an airplane-and become stressed when they encounter or think about these perceived threats. Major life events, such as the death of a loved one, can cause severe stress. Stress can have both positive and negative...
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...satisfaction, but it also has some surprising health benefits. In this article we will share with you the health benefits of hugging – the ones you probably haven´t thought about. ------------------------------------------------- Sometimes, the most beneficial things in life are the simplest. One of them is hugging. At some time we all have experienced the feeling of comfort and security of a warm and loving hug. There’s nothing that make us feel better than a good, solid squeeze from a friend or a loved one. But the benefits of hugging go beyond feeling good. Studies conducted in several Universities have found that a simple cuddle is a powerful therapeutic mechanism. These studies have found that hugs can improve the health of your heart, lower your blood pressure, increase your...
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...examples indicate there is sometimes no clear-cut separation between motivation and emotion. Generally, though, we can think of motivation as arising from some internal source such as deprivation of a biological requirement (food for instance) and of producing some sort of goal-directed behavior (such as searching for food). On the other hand, we can think of emotion as being an internal state usually produced by an external stimulus and not necessarily leading to any particular behavior. In fact, a given emotion can result in many different sorts of behavior, even within the same individual. Part II: Theories of Emotion Summarize the four major theories of emotion. Identify which theory of emotion you think is the most valid. What makes this theory more valid to you than the others? Identify which theory of emotion you think is least valid. What makes this theory less valid? Your response should be at least 300 hundred words. The four main theories of emotion are: • The James-Lange theory, • The Cannon-Bard theory, • The Schacter-Singer theory, and • The Lazarus theory. The first of these theories is the James-Lange theory posited separately by...
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... Do you ever wonder why as humans we behave the way we do, why we express emotion, have feelings, or experience hunger? How does it all work? The human body is comprised of systems all working together to complete an action or a coordinated set of chemical reactions initiated by the nervous system. The nervous system is part of a human’s body that controls voluntary and involuntary behaviors by transmitting information throughout different parts of the brain and the body via neurons and axons. The nervous system consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) which contains the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the brain and the spinal cord to the rest of the body. Within the peripheral nervous system you have the somatic nervous system. The somatic nervous system consists mostly of axons that transport messages from sense organs to the central nervous system and from the central nervous system to the muscles (Kalat, 2013). Also within the PNS is the autonomic nervous system, which controls the heart and other organs. The autonomic nervous system consists of two parts, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system prepares organs for fight-or-flight activity such as increase heart rate, while the parasympathetic nervous system does the opposite decreasing heart rate. Both systems work together to regulate involuntary bodily functions and behaviors. One example of...
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...“Love” will be surely existent in our senses as the time get closer to Feb. 14, a day when passion is deeply associated with the heart. But my curiosity does not seem to be satisfied and it keeps me formulating various questions like; is it really true that the heart is the mastermind of love? What about the brain, is it also involved? Everybody hears the cliché when someone gets dumped; "My heart hurts". But does it actually hurt? And if it does, is it because they were in love? All reactions in the body start from the brain, right? Then the final question is; what should we use then in the name of love, our HEART or the BRAIN? The purpose of this article of mine is to put an end to this mystery and bring out the facts. I am assured that many young people like me are enthusiastically interested regarding this topic. Researching data of co notational definitions, BRAIN is the king of every living animal, and HEART is the genuine source of emotions. These two vital organs do really have a linking nexus. However, when it comes to love, it’s even more difficult to decipher what is really the actual function of these internal parts. So, can we say that brain is the starting point of love? And we feel the love through the heart, is that it? Let’s find out. According to an analysis by a Syracuse professor, it depends. That might be a very broad answer but based on her findings, she assimilated that you experience a similar sensation to one of using cocaine when you fall in love...
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...Introduction: The cardiac cycle is associated with the blood flow through the heart (Saladin, 2015). The heart rate is a term describing the regularity of the cardiac cycle (Marieb,2007). The heart rate is the amount of times it contracts or also known as beats in a unit of time, nearly always per minute. The normal pulse rate for healthy adults ranges from 60-100 bpm(beats per minute), approximately the adult heart rate regulates 75 bpm but this varies from person to person (Saladin, 2015). The heart rate generally slows down through childhood, as you develop (MacGill, 2015). Abnormal heart rates have medical names and harmless for some (MacGill, 2015). Tachycardia refers to the heart beating too fast at rest being over 100 beats per minute...
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...running, walking, swimming, or otherwise or strength training workouts that involve lifting weights, performing body weight activities, or doing some other mode of resistance training, this is naturally what we tend to think about. But, physical benefits can come about through far more ways than vigorous activity and meditation proves this. Let’s look at some of the physical benefits that come into play. Reduced Heart Rate The first physical benefit that meditation has to offer is that it will bring down your heart rate. Stress and anxiety have a tendency to increase your heart rate, so as you might imagine, meditation can reduce it. Reduced heart rate means that your heart isn’t being placed under such great strain on a day to day basis and this in turn can go a long way towards boosting your heart-health. Reduced Blood Pressure In addition to lowering your heart rate, meditation will also assist with lowering your blood pressure as well. Those who are suffering from high blood pressure levels are going to be at a much greater risk of heart disease and stroke, so keeping this under control is vital to maintaining good health. In today’s world, there are so many things that will instead increase your blood pressure level – your diet, your stress level, and your lifestyle habits, that anything you can do to reduce it will definitely stand to benefit you. Improved Energy Levels Next up, you’re going to also notice a significant improvement in your energy...
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...follow the heart than to listen to the brain. Though they refer to the heart as an organ of feelings and the brain as an organ of conscience that helps distinguish right from wrong but the truth is the heart is just a pumping organ and the brain does all the work, the feeling, thinking, and making of decisions. This article will discuss further the different parts of the brain and their function: How does the brain work? The Human Brain: How does the brain work? The brain is the center of the human nervous system. The average size of an adult brain is 5.5 inches in width, 3.6 inches in height, and 6.5 in inches length. The human brain is composed of 78% water, 12% lipids, and the other 10% consists of protein, carbohydrates, insoluble salts, and soluble organics. The human brain performs a number of tasks of coordination, control, and regulation. • The brain controls the body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. • It accepts all sorts of information from each of the different senses • It controls a human body’s physical motion. • It’s responsible for dreaming, thinking, decision making, reasoning, and feeling of emotions. Parts of the Brain and their Function The human brain is a very complex organ. The brain has three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Forebrain This part of the brain is located at the area of our forehead. The forebrain is responsible for the different feelings of emotions, organizing...
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...Effects of Music Music has the ability to make people feel different emotions. At times, music can make people cry or even angry. On the other hand, it could make a bad mood turn to a good mood and brighten their day. Music has the ability to connect people together and also has the ability to heal you, physically and emotionally. It can heal the brain and sometimes the heart from emotional damage. Often times, music is used in therapy and rehabilitation centers. Music affects your mood and how your brain functions. According to the online dictionary, “music is the art of sound and time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through elements of rhythm melody and color.” An article states that “emotions are more than just something we feel -- they happen in the body, too” (Millar). In fact, the dictionary definition of emotion is, “an affective state of consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear, hate is experienced.” The places where emotions are felt most commonly are within the heart. Emotions are highly affected by different types of music. What the brain is, is “the part of the central nervous system enclosed in the cranium of humans and other vertebrates, consisting of a soft, convoluted mass of gray and serving to control the mental and physical actions” (Dictionary). This is what allows people to feel, think and function. Different types of music can affect a person’s mind and emotions in different ways. For example, if they are sad and they listen to sad...
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...MAPEH Notation A method of writing down music so that it can be performed vocally and instrumentally Duration Refers to how long tone and silence last Determined by the kind of notes and rests used in musical pattern Rest Indicated when not to play or sing a sound Clef A musical symbol placed at the left most part of staff Pitch names letter names Sofa syllable Each pitch name has its corresponding tone name Time signature A symbol that tells the metrical pattern and the notation in which music is written 2 - the beats in a measure 4 - quarter note receives one beat Noise Distracting sound which are not pleasant to hear because of irregular vibrations Pitch The highness of lowness of sound within a song we may hear a series of sounds up and down Duration The length of time a sound held Intensity The loudness or softness, or in music we refer to it as dynamics Timbre The quantity of a sound. We can recognize people in the quantity of their voice Diuna- household song, song sang while working, a wedding song Lullabies- to fell a sleep a baby Tiruray- Ambay Samal- Ngiadung Palawan- Lingayen pa iga Maranao-Bbomboman Manobo- Buwa-buwa Ibaloi- Tami Bilaan- Yadadang Courting songs and wedding rituals Sangong-sangong- courting song in Manobo Kulilal- love song in Palawan Music of Cordilleras Provinces: Abra Kalinga Apayao Ifugao Benguet Part of Isabela Cagayan Ethnic groups Isneg Oggayam -...
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