...including economic activities and business. Therefore economics, political, social and lows are closely bound in terms of relationship. Technology environment refers to new knowledge factor in the world such as sciences or engineering and including strategic management because marketing competition enforce each country to invent new knowledge or know-how benefit for its own business development. Each country that has new knowledge must create new products; have low capital and high efficiency in order to keep pace with the international competitors and to respond the customers’ needs in the international market. When the country enters into international business, they must encounter risks in international business, which can be listed as four categories as following; Country risk is associated with intervening of the government, protectionism, trading and investing barriers, social disturbance and instability of politics, economic malfunction and unorganised, unsatisfied of foreign companies in legal sanction, bureaucry, managerial postponements and bribery,...
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...FORD MOTOR COMPANY’S | SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY | | | 11/13/2012 | *The Virtual Integration Model Analysis at Ford Motor Company, to Companies like Dell* EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As director of Supply Chain Systems, I have decided to implement portions of the new supply chain strategy of Virtual Integration and strategies from companies like Dell. Although there are several key differences between the companies, Dell’s virtual integration strategy can be applied to Ford’s supply chain operation. A modification of the virtual integration system currently used by Dell could be applied to Ford’s dependent supplier base, distribution system, dealerships and divisions. Special care will need to be taken to address the unique dependency of our custom Tier 1 supplier. The management of lower tier suppliers of general or generic components would be more effectively suited by the standard procedures used by Dell. In order to adopt the Dell Model we would: · Sell direct · Mass-produce customized products · Build to order · Substitute virtual integration with suppliers for vertical integration If we at Ford could find a solution to the obstacles of virtual integration, which I will explain in detail below. It could essentially make our supply chain run smoothly with less bottlenecking, inventory, and better overall performance. Managers could overcome the complex and error-prone manual process of forecasting and procuring parts which would result in reduced...
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...An internship report on “Credit risk management practices in Sonali Bank Ltd.” Executive Summary Sonali Bank Ltd. is the largest state owned commercial bank in Bangladesh with a total of 1203 branches. Total of 858 branch in rural and 343 branch in urban area. The functions of the bank covered a wide range of banking and functional activities to individual, firms, corporate bodies, Multinational agencies and the rural area. The bank provides more than 21 types of free services on behalf of the government of Bangladesh through its rural and urban branches as part of their commitment to society. Sonali bank Ltd. follows the rules and regulation prescribed by the Bangladesh bank. To manage credit risk, the Bank applies credit limits to its customers and obtains adequate collaterals. Credit risk in the Sonali Bank Ltd.'s portfolio is monitored, reviewed and analyzed by the Credit Risk Management (CRM). Sonali Bank Ltd. has established Asset-Liability Management Committee (ALCO) to determine the maximum risk exposure. Management is aware about guidelines of Bangladesh Bank and implemented new capital accord BASEL-II. Sonali Bank Ltd. constantly monitors, reviews and analyzes its credit portfolio to minimizing potential losses and ensuring efficient credit process. To manage the Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Sonali Bank Ltd. has a comprehensive remedial management policy, which includes a framework of controls to identify weak credits and monitoring of these accounts constantly...
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...CHAPTER 2 This chapter includes conceptual literature , research literature and summary CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE: ''Personality'' is a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences their environment, cognitions, emotions, motivation and behavioral science in various situations. The word ''personality’’ originates from the Latin persona, which means mask. Personality refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking , feeling and behaving . The study of personality focuses on two broad areas One is understanding individual differences in particular personality characteristics, such as sociability or irritability. Personality also refers to the pattern of thoughts , feelings, social adjustments, and behaviors consistently exhibited over time that strongly influences one's expectations, self-perceptions, values, and attitudes. It also predicts human reactions to other people , problems , and stress. There is still no universal consensus on the definition of '' personality'' in C. Gordon Allport ( 1937) described to major ways to study personality the nomothetic and the Idiographic. Nomothetic psychology seeks general loss that can be applied...
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...(xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia), i.e. when it exists in isolation5. The latter involves either dry eyes or mouth, with the presence of an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. It usually affects women in their menopausal years, usually in mid-thirties to fifties3, 4 (this leads to the theory that there may be a close link to the lack of oestrogen in the formation of this disease) but has also been seen in children2. In addition to rheumatoid arthritis, it is also associated extensively with other diseases such as psoriatic arthritis, progressive systemic sclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis2 and primary biliary cirrhosis4. Sjogren’s syndrome should clinically always be considered first when encountering a patient with dry eyes, as Sjogrens syndrome is used as a standard against which other diseases related to dry eye are compared to and measured1. The disease is named after the man who discovered it, Henrick Sjogren and is defined classically as a triad of clinical manifestations: dry eyes, dry mouth and an autoimmune disease. In order to diagnose Sjorgrens Syndrome as being present, two of the three components of the triad must be identified. In the last twenty years, no fewer than seven international classification criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of Sjogrens Syndrome1. These classifications systems are termed as the Boston, San Francisco, Copenhagen, San Diego, Japanese, Greek, and European criteria1. In 1986, Fox and...
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...Minorities in Prison, Why So Many? Jennifer A. Spry ENG 122: English Composition II Ava Hardiek January 7, 2013 Minorities in Prison, Why So Many? Introduction Racism has been a part of history for many years and is a very real problem in the world, not just in the United States. For example, New England colonists fled to a new land, later to be known as America, for religious freedom from European dictators, early settlers of the United States enslaved African-Americans, Adolf Hitler murdered millions of Jewish people, and Middle Eastern Muslim terrorists destroyed the World Trade Towers killing thousands. In the United States, before the Civil rights movement, African-Americans were severely discriminated against. They were not allowed into certain restaurants, they were given restrooms and water fountains that were only used by “colored people”, and they were forced to sit in the back of the bus. Schools and neighborhoods were segregated and interracial relationships were forbidden. Racism was considered socially acceptable and the judicial system upheld arrests and convictions of those that did not conform to the laws. It was impossible for a person of color to receive a fair trial. Today the judicial system is designed to punish criminals for the crime not their minority status, but the truth can still be twisted by racism. Some people argue that the law is flawed and the courts are biased because we are judged by a group of people who are randomly selected to decide...
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...RADIMED Explaining and understanding the role of exposure to new social media on violent extremism. An integrative quantitative and qualitative approach Summary en kwantitatieve benadering/ Commissioners Promoter/coordinator Co-promoters Researchers Belspo FOD Binnenlandse zaken – Directe algemene veiligheid Lieven PAUWELS - UGent Fabienne BRION - UCL Brice DE RUYVER – Ugent Marleen EASTON - Ugent Nele SCHILS – Ugent Julianne LAFFINEUR - UCL 1 1. Introduction Research problem Worldwide, both policy and research pay a lot of attention to extremism, and radicalization as the process leading to extremism (Van de Linde & Rademaker, 2010). Scholars and policymakers increasingly focus on unravelling the processes of radicalisation, hoping to prevent the violent radicalisation of their own youth and eventually political violence (Van de Line & Rademaker, 2010). The Internet and its constant technological developments in particular are causes of concern (Conway, 2012). Recently, we have seen a boom in new social media (NSM) and other web 2.0 applications, bearing a large potential for communication and networking (Conway, 2012). These developments have transformed the world in an online village, with every offline actor being represented online. It is therefore no surprise that criminals, radicals, violent extremists and terrorists also use this medium to their advantage (Benschop, 2006; Stevens & Neuhmann, 2009; Weimann, 2004). By means...
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...documenting the health hazards posed by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) continues to mount, workplace decision makers have more reason than ever to protect employees from exposure to ETS on the job. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded in January 1993 that each year ETS kills an estimated 3,000 adult nonsmokers from lung cancer and that the workplace is a significant source of ETS. In a recent study, nonsmoking employees exposed to ETS at work but not at home had significantly higher levels of a nicotine metabolite in their blood than did nonsmoking workers with no work or home exposure to ETS. Levels of exposure to ETS are lowest in smokefree workplaces. Even before these recent studies were available, the U.S. Surgeon General had determined in 1986 that ETS is a cause of disease, including lung cancer, in otherwise healthy nonsmokers. The Surgeon General also reported that the simple separation of smokers and nonsmokers within the same airspace may reduce, but does not eliminate, the exposure of nonsmokers to ETS. In 1991, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that “all available preventive measures should be used to minimize occupational exposure to ETS.” Health issues provide ample justification for restricting ETS exposure at the worksite. But there are other good business reasons. Instituting smokefree work environments can reduce costs for cleaning and...
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...Risk Management Guidelines for Commercial Banks & DFIs. Table of Contents Page No. Introduction Defining Risk Risk Management Board & Senior Management oversight Risk Management Framework Integration of Risk Business Line Accountability Risk Evaluation / Measurement Independent Review Contingency Planning 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 13 14 15 15 17 17 18 18 18 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 24 24 24 25 Managing Credit Risk Components of Credit Risk Management Board & Senior Management oversight Organization Structure Systems and Procedures Credit origination Limit setting Credit Administration Measuring Credit Risk Internal Risk Rating Credit Risk Monitoring & Control Risk Review Delegation of Authority Managing Problem Credits Managing Market Risk Interest Rate Risk Foreign Exchange Risk Equity / commodity price Risk Element of Market Risk Management Board and Senior Management Oversight Organization Structure Risk Management Committee ALCO Middle Office Risk Measurement Repricing Gap Models Earning at Risk &Economic Value of Equity Models Value at Risk Risk Monitoring Risk Controls Audit Risk limits 25 27 28 28 30 30 30 31 31 33 34 34 35 36 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 Managing Liquidity Risk Early Warning Indicators Board and Senior Management Oversight Liquidity Risk Strategy and Policy ALCO/ Investment Committee Liquidity Risk Management Process MIS Liquidity Risk Measurement & Monitoring Contingency Funding Plan Cash Flow Projections Liquidity Ratios...
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...Risk Management Guidelines for Commercial Banks & DFIs. Table of Contents Page No. Introduction Defining Risk Risk Management Board & Senior Management oversight Risk Management Framework Integration of Risk Business Line Accountability Risk Evaluation / Measurement Independent Review Contingency Planning 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 13 14 15 15 17 17 18 18 18 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 24 24 24 25 Managing Credit Risk Components of Credit Risk Management Board & Senior Management oversight Organization Structure Systems and Procedures Credit origination Limit setting Credit Administration Measuring Credit Risk Internal Risk Rating Credit Risk Monitoring & Control Risk Review Delegation of Authority Managing Problem Credits Managing Market Risk Interest Rate Risk Foreign Exchange Risk Equity / commodity price Risk Element of Market Risk Management Board and Senior Management Oversight Organization Structure Risk Management Committee ALCO Middle Office Risk Measurement Repricing Gap Models Earning at Risk &Economic Value of Equity Models Value at Risk Risk Monitoring Risk Controls Audit Risk limits 25 27 28 28 30 30 30 31 31 33 34 34 35 36 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 Managing Liquidity Risk Early Warning Indicators Board and Senior Management Oversight Liquidity Risk Strategy and Policy ALCO/ Investment Committee Liquidity Risk Management Process MIS Liquidity Risk Measurement & Monitoring Contingency Funding Plan Cash Flow Projections Liquidity Ratios...
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...2 Competitors analysis 8 2.3 Current state of the economy 8 2.4 Porter’s five forces 13 2.5 SWOT Analysis 16 3. BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL RISKS ANALYSIS 16 3.1 Liquidity Risk 16 3.2 Capital risk 19 3.3 Strategic risk 22 3.4 Credit risk 23 3.5 Foreign exchange risk 25 3.6 Market risk 27 APPENDICES 29 REFERENCES 36 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The main purpose of this report is to investigate Bendigo Bank’s business and financial risks for the sake of suggesting the most appropriate financially justified risk management strategy. The main content of the report is divided into four major parts including (1) Company analysis, (2) Industry and peer analysis, (3) Risk management analysis and (4) recommendation. The first section will critically provide a brief overview of the company background and detailed information about its core products and services consisting of personal banking, company banking and wealth management. Following section will discuss through macro-economic factors including the current state of the economy measured by relevant economic indicators. Then, the industry overview and the performance of major rivalries will be analysed and supported by conducting Porter’s five forces and Swot analysis. The critical section will deliver business and financial risks analysis via different categories of risks. The analysis will be complemented by the comparison between Bendigo &Adelaide Bank Ltd and other major competitors comprising of National...
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...parenting support immediately after birth, until their care is moved to a health visitor. Midwives are responsible for the health of the mother and child and only if there are medical complications does the responsibility move to another health and social care worker. Responsibilities A midwife has many responsibilities including the care of mother and baby, adhering to hospital policy and maintaining an awareness of issues such as health and safety, other duties include: * Diagnosing, monitoring and examining women throughout their pregnancy. * Developing, assessing and evaluating individual programmes of care. * Providing full antenatal care, including screening tests in hospital, community and the home. * Identifying high risk pregnancies and making referrals to doctors and other medical specialists. * Arranging and providing parenting and health education. * Providing counselling and advice before and after screening and tests. * Offering support and advice following events such as miscarriage, termination, stillbirth, neonatal abnormality and neonatal death. * Supervising and assisting mothers in labour, monitoring the condition of the foetus and using knowledge of drugs and pain management. * Giving support and advice on the daily care of the baby, including breastfeeding, bathing and making up feeds. * Liaising with agencies and other health and social are professionals to ensure continuity of care. *...
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...1.0 Introduction Risk is the element of uncertainty or possibility of loss that prevail in any business transaction in any place, in any mode and at any time. In the financial arena, enterprise risks can be broadly categorized as Credit Risk, Operational Risk, Market Risk and Other Risk. Credit risk is the possibility that a borrower or counter party will fail to meet agreed obligations. Thus managing credit risk for efficient management of a Financial Institution has gradually become the most crucial task. Credit risk management needs to be a robust process that enables Financial Institution s to proactively manage facility portfolios in order to minimize losses and earn an acceptable level of return for shareholders. Credit risk is most simply defined as the potential that a bank borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. The goal of credit risk management is to maximize a bank's risk-adjusted rate of return by maintaining credit risk exposure within acceptable parameters. Banks need to manage the credit risk inherent in the entire portfolio as well as the risk in individual credits or transactions. Banks should also consider the relationships between credit risk and other risks. The effective management of credit risk is a critical component of a comprehensive approach to risk management and essential to the long-term success of any banking organization. Prime Bank primarily lends for trade finance although some amount of project...
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...organization. There are various issues which are described in this report like the ratio analysis, break even analysis, and the other appraising methods which are used in strategic decision making and planning of Tesco. The management of the tangible and intangible assets of Tesco are also analysed by the different analytical tools and the report reveal that the organization is taking effective steps and it is managing its resources effectively and efficiently. Contents TESCO PLC: 2 Task 1: 3 Resource Decisions and their Impact on Strategy of the Organization: 3 Task 2: 5 Role of financial Analysis and techniques in the strategic planning and strategic development: 5 Task 3: 8 International Financial perspectives of Tesco: 8 Risk Assessment and Management 9 Financial Performance 9 Task 4: 11 Task 5: 16 Contemporary management Accounting: 16 Task 6: 18 Analysis of environment of Tesco: 18 Political Factors 18 Economic Factors 18 Social/Cultural Factors 18 Technological Factors 18 Steps Taken By Tesco to respond these changes: 19 Task 7: 20 Importance of Communication: 20 References 22 TESCO PLC: Tesco plc is a global grocery and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Chesnutt, United Kingdom. It is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues (after Wal-Mart and Carrefour) and the second-largest measured by profits (after Wal-Mart). It has stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America and is the...
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...RISK MANAGEMENT – AN AREA OF KNOWLEDGE FOR ALL ENGINEERS A Discussion Paper By: Paul R. Amyotte, P.Eng.1 & Douglas J. McCutcheon, P.Eng.2 Chemical Engineering Program Department of Process Engineering & Applied Science Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 2X4 2 1 Industrial Safety & Loss Management Program Faculty of Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G6 Prepared For: The Research Committee of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers October 2006 SUMMARY The purpose of this paper is to “seed” the discussion by the Research Committee of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers (CCPE) on the topic of risk management. The paper is in part a research paper and in its entirety a position paper. As can be inferred from the title, the authors hold the firm opinion that risk management is an area of knowledge with which all engineers should have familiarity and a level of competence according to their scope of practice. The paper first makes the distinction between hazard and risk. The two terms are often used interchangeably when in fact they are quite different. A hazard is a chemical or physical condition that has the potential to cause harm or damage to people, environment, assets or production. Risk, on the other hand, is the possibility or chance of harm arising from a hazard; risk is a function of probability and severity of consequences. A description of the process of risk management is then given....
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