...approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies Hung-Lan Wu & Deborah L. Volker Accepted for publication 24 July 2009 Correspondence to D.L. Volker: e-mail: dvolker@mail.nur.utexas.edu Hung-Lan Wu PhD RN Nursing Instructor Meiho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan Deborah L. Volker PhD RN AOCN Associate Professor The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, Texas, USA W U H . L . & V O L K E R D . L . ( 2 0 0 9 ) The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies. Journal of Advanced Nursing 65(12), 2719–2732. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05157.x Abstract Title. The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies. Aim. This paper is a report of an analysis of the use of theory in qualitative approaches to research as exemplified in qualitative end-of-life studies. Background. Nurses researchers turn to theory to conceptualize research problems and guide investigations. However, researchers using qualitative approaches do not consistently articulate how theory has been applied, and no clear consensus exists regarding the appropriate application of theory in qualitative studies. A review of qualitative, end-of-life studies is used to illustrate application of theory to study design and findings. Data sources. A review of theoretical literature was carried out, focusing on definitions and use of theory in qualitative end-of-life studies published in English between 1990...
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...FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF LIFE AND HEALTH SCIENCES NURSING PROGRAM COURSE TITLE COURSE CODE: Nursing Ethics/ NURS-121 INSTRUCTOR NAME: Ms. Savoula Ghobrial STUDENT NAME: Amal Alzubi Introduction 1. What is Suicide? ”Suicide” is difficult to define. This is because it is a value-laden term. Whenever we apply the label of “suicide” to an individual’s death, we typically presuppose a number of significant moral issues. To see the problem, let’s posit a definition: Suicide: Is the intentional and voluntary taking of one’s own life. At first glance, this is a simple and appealing definition. It seems to capture the core phenomenon of self-killing pretty succinctly. There are, however, all sorts of cases that would test the limits of this definition. Consider the “voluntariness” requirement. Many people may take their lives under conditions of coercion, duress or necessity. Does that mean they don’t commit suicide? Take the example of Hitler. He killed himself in order to avoid the humiliation of execution. Was his decision voluntary? What of the Japanese Samurai, who had a form of ritual self-killing (known asseppuka or hari-kari) that they used to “die with honor” rather than fall into the hands of their enemies? Or the soldier who throws himself on a grenade in order to save his comrades? I suspect we would say that each of these counts as an example of “suicide”, but depending on how we understand the voluntariness condition; they may not meet...
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...study, and the other is a quantitative research study. Identify which article is which, and then complete the table where applicable. Write no more than three sentences in each cell of the table. Qualitative: Living with Incurable Cancer at the End of Life-Patients’ Perceptions of Quality of Life Quantitative: Dance and movement program improves quality-of-live measures in breast cancer survivors Qualitative Quantitative Research question What is the patients’ perception of quality of life in incurable cancer at the end of life? What effect does dance and movement have on breast cancer survivor’s quality of life? Problem Can illness affect a patient’s quality of life perceptions? Can dance and movement affect quality of life and shoulder function in breast cancer survivors that were treated in the last 5 years? Purpose To evaluate what an incurably ill person’s perspective of quality of life is. To analyze the effects of dance and movement on shoulder function and quality of life for cancer survivors who were treated within the past 5 years. Hypothesis To show that quality of life at the end of life has a positive meaning for patients with incurable cancer by using five themes of relevance relating to quality of life and to use individual patient strategies to relive pain via emotional and physical distractions. According to WHO (2005), The nurses has to give the best quality of care for the patients and their families. N/A Independent variable “The independent...
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...experiences, gained during many seminars. The book is full of real life examples which were told or experienced by the author. Bazerman et al. consider the importance of negotiation as growing as the workforce gets more and more mobile, becomes more diverse (gender, age, nationality), the structure of companies is changing and the marketplace becomes global thus a lot more complex. The authors present a framework on negotiating rationally. This framework was developed a decade before writing the book and got intertwined with previous research as well as the experience of teaching Master students. As their Curriculum Vitae reveals, Bazerman as well as Neale specialized in organizational behavior. Bazerman worked on decision making, consumer behavior and negotiating skills. Neale worked primarily on Negotiation sciences but also on conflict management. 2. Summary of the Contents. When looking at the book as a whole, it is divided into three parts. The first part presents seven common so called 'mistakes' in negotiation. The second part introduces a rational framework for negotiation. The last and third part gives advice on how to simplify complex negotiations. Each part is divided in up to seven chapters which gives the reader a very good division of the different topics and makes it very easy for the reader to look something up or to work with the book by just using a specific subject of the book. The index at the end contains the most important expressions and hence amplifies...
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...the next 15 years, her case received international attention as her husband and parents argued over how to fulfill Terri's end-of-life wishes. Although tragic, the plight of Terri Schiavo provides a valuable case study. The conflicts and misunderstandings surrounding her situation offer important lessons in medicine, law, and ethics. Despite media saturation and intense public interest, widespread confusion lingers regarding the diagnosis of persistent vegetative state, the judicial processes involved, and the appropriateness of the ethical framework used by those entrusted with Terri Schiavo's care (Fine, 2005) On March 31, 2005, Terri Schiavo (born December 3, 1963) died -- the final complication of a cardiac arrest on February 25, 1990. Her death was preceded by the withdrawal of artificially administered hydration and nutrition through a feeding tube. Prior to her death, Terri's saga was the focus of intense medical, ethical, and legal debates in the United States and elsewhere. These debates were characterized by confusion about the facts, ethical principles, and laws relevant to the case. Much of the confusion revolved around a number of ethical and legal questions including: Is it ethically and legally permissible to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments from patients who do not want the treatments? Is withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments the same as physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia? Is artificially administered hydration and nutrition...
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...Running head: A Framework for Understanding A Framework for Understanding and Comparing Jainism Jacoven M. Staton Grand Canyon University INT 43 April 20, 2009 A Framework for Understanding and Comparing Jainism Jainism was the first religion that was formed from Hinduism. Jainism bares some similarities to Hinduism it eventually managed to become a religion all of its own. This reformation movement turned independent religion was based upon the teachings of its founder Mahavira. With the lessons taught by Mahavira and my interpretation of his lessons I was able to create the following framework for understanding and comparing of Jainism. What Does It Mean To Be Human? In Jainism the soul is thought of as uncreated and eternal, and is capable of obtaining a perfect divinity. Followers of Jainism should gain liberation from the continuous cycle of rebirth, by not stirring up any bad karma, particularly any bad karma stemmed from causing harm to any and all conscious beings. What Is the Basic Human Problem? The basic human problem as seen by the followers of Jainism is finding a way of finally stopping the continuous wheel of reincarnation. In short, how does one impede this circle of endless lives and come to an end so that they can live? What Is the Cause Of the Problem? The cause of the basic human problem is the continuous wheel of reincarnation, viewed by followers of Jainism, is the karma that they create. What Is the End or Goal of Transformation...
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...A framework to measure the impact of investments in health research OECD Blue Sky II Forum, September 25, 2006 Alan Bernstein, Vern Hicks, Peggy Borbey, Terry Campbell Abstract This paper describes the approach taken by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to develop a framework and indicators to measure the impact of health research. The development process included national and international consultations. Key methodology challenges and measurement requirements were identified. The framework that has resulted from this process includes definitions of key concepts, methodology guidelines, identification of the different stakeholders for impact information and the individual concerns of each stakeholder group. Indicators are classified within five categories that encompass a broad range of impacts. Sources of information and issues in attributing research impacts are discussed. An analysis of issues suggests that impact measurement and performance measurement are complementary activities, with the former focused on broad impacts of the health research sector and the latter on the degree of success achieved by funding agencies in contributing to the process of knowledge development and uptake. Introduction Accountability and value received for the use of public funds have become high priorities for governments around the world. Quantifying the value of publicly funded health research is a challenge for many countries. This paper describes the approach taken by the...
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...wrong. Principles that guide our life and they are designed to lead us to our ideal world. Values define what is worth, what is beneficial and what is harmful. Values are standards to guide our action, judgment and attitudes. Importance of values Types of values Values loyalty and ethical behavior Value across cultures The globe framework Implications for ob3. Values Values represent basic convictions that- A specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence. Value is a judgmental element of what is right, good, or desirable. 4. Importance of Values Values lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation because they influence our perceptions. 1 2 Individuals enter organizations with notions of what is right and wrong with which they interpret behaviors or outcomes 3 Values generally influence attitudes and behavior . 5. Types of Values Terminal Values VALUES Instrumental Values Rokeach Value Survey… 6. Terminal Values Desirable end-states of existence; the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime. 7. Instrumental Values Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values. 8. Values Across Culture Hofstede’s A framework for assessing cultures; five value dimensions of national culture… Power distance Individualism versus collectivism Quantity of life versus quality of life Uncertainty avoidance Long-term...
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...Bowen Qiu 786-280-5915 bowenq12345@gmail.com _____________________ Summary * Experienced in J2EE development using Servlets, Struts, JDBC, Hibernate, Spring, Spring MVC, and Maven. * Extensive experience in using Github to keep track of changes in the code base. * Worked on Stored Procedures, Triggers, Functions, Views and Database Design. * Experienced in web application development using Java for back end development. * Solid experience working on Dependency Injections in Spring using XML. * Have worked on front end designing using JSP, as well as CSS, Ajax, EL and JSTL. * Ability on front end validation using HTML 5 and JavaScript. * Technical experience on AOP framework Spring, ORM framework Hibernate, MVC framework Struts and SpringMVC, and JavaScript framework Angular JS. * Solid knowledge of AOP and EJB. * Have been included in all aspect of Software Development Life. * Worked on unit testing using JUnit framework. * Experienced in working on WSDL based SOAP webservice using Apache CXF, and RESTful webservice using Jersey. * Knowledge of validation through struts-validation and Java annotation based validation. * Strong ability of utilizing Spring integration with Struts 1.3.1 and Hibernate 3.6. * Developed multiple distributed, transactional, portable applications using EJB architecture. * Practical knowledge of DB Servers including Weblogic12c, Tomat 7, Oracle10g, MySQL, Active Server Page...
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...the character of the person. In this essay, I will elaborate more on the core concepts of both utilitarianism and virtue ethics. Then, I will introduce a scenario that will be used to compare the two ethical frameworks side by side based on their suggestions. Finally, I will argue that between virtue ethics and utilitarianism in this scenario, even though they do not provide a morally perfect answer, utilitarianism has a more morally preferable answer than virtue ethics. Utilitarianism, also called by John Stuart Mill the “Greatest Happiness Principle” (Mill, p.77), states that “actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the opposite of happiness” (Mill, p.77). According to this principle, the actions that provide the greatest amount of happiness overall are morally the right actions to take, no matter what the said action actually is, because happiness is “pleasure and the absence of pain” (Woody Lecture Notes, Nov.5). This is known as maximizing total net utility, utility meaning “a measure of whatever one takes to be intrinsically good or...
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... 1. Digital Curation Centre (DCC) Lifecycle Model 2. Ellyn Montgomery, USGS, Data Lifecycle Diagram 3. FGDC Stages of the Geospatial Data Lifecycle pursuant to OMB Circular A–16 4. University of Oxford Research Data Management Chart 5. NOAA Environmental Data Life Cycle Functions 6. Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Framework 7. USGS Scientific Information Management Workshop Vocabulary 8. Peter Fox Lifecycle Diagrams 9. National Science Foundation 10. NDIIPP Preserving Our Digital Heritage 11. What Researchers Want 12. EPA Project Life Cycle 13. IWGDD’s Digital Data Life Cycle Model 14. Scientific Data Management Plan Guidance 15. Linear Data Life Cycle 16. Generic Science Data Lifecycle 17. Cassandra Ladino Hybrid Data Lifecycle Model 18. Ray Obuch Data Management – A Lifecycle Approach 19. USGS Data Management Plan Framework (DMPf) – Smith, Tessler, and McHale 20. BLM Data Management Handbook 21. ARL Joint Task Force on Library Support for E-Science 22. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Key Components 23. ICPSR Preservation over the Data Life Cycle 24. William Michener DataONE: Data Life Cycle Management 25. IBM Aspects of Lifecycle Management - Research 26. University of California San Diego Digital Curation Program 27. University of Miami Scientific Data Lifecycle 28. Managing...
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...2 Ethical Theories in Crimes and Misdemeanors Crimes and Misdemeanors, directed by Woody Allen, is considered a tribute to Dostoevsky’s Crimes and Punishments. The movie focuses on two subplots, one on a successful physician, Judah Rosenthal, who despite a happy family life hides a deep secret; and the other on an unsuccessful filmmaker Clifford Stern, whose wife convinces him to work on a documentary about her brother, a successful TV producer. The two plots meet at the end. Judah makes arrangements to get Delores killed by a hit man. This is an- alyzed from the consequential and non-consequential viewpoints. The consequences of a kill by a hit man are many fold. Judah takes away the rest of Delores’ life from her. If the death was not a sudden one, which occurs without any warning, she would have experienced immense physical and men- tal pain during her final moments. Also, she may have friends and family who would suffer immensely due to her death, though the above is not mentioned in the movie. Looking at all the above bad effects of the killing, it can be inferred that this is morally wrong from the consequential viewpoint. 4 The non-consequentialist view is that Judah arranging for a hit man itself...
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...Personality & Values Organizational Behavior By: Rajitha Fernando Personality • The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others • Most often described in terms of measurable traits that a person exhibits, such as shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal and timid. (Personality traits) 2 Jungian Personality Theory • Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung • Jung proposed four main functions of consciousness: 1. Two perceiving functions: Sensation and Intuition 2. Two judging functions: Thinking and Feeling 2 • Each of the functions are expressed primarily in either an introverted or extraverted form • From Jung's original concepts, Briggs and Myers developed their own theory of psychological type, described below, on which the MBTI is based. 3 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment is a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. Dichotomies Extraversion (E) – (I) Introversion Sensing (S) – (N) Intuition Thinking (T) – (F) Feeling Judging (J) – (P) Perception 4 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Extroversion versus introversion • Extroverted individuals are outgoing, sociable, and assertive. Introverts are quiet and shy Sensing versus intuition • Sensing types are practical and prefer routine and order. They focus on details. Intuitives rely on unconscious processes and...
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...Ethics and Healthcare go hand in hand. Many ethical decisions are pondered over and made every day regarding patients, the appropriate treatment plans, and end of life care. The public expects that healthcare organizations always make the “right” choices in reference to challenging decisions. However there are times where patient’s families make ethical decision making by the healthcare team virtually impossible. Hospital ethical committees and even the legal system in certain situations must oversee such cases. There have been many cases where patients’ lives have been sustained by artificial measures and the issue of right to die has been debated. These individuals are in hospitals and long term facilities where everyone from family to the healthcare providers have an opinion. One particular instance would be the Terri Schiavo case where a young woman’s life had been sustained by artificial means for 15 years. A public battle was waged between her family and her husband and the decision to end her life. The case lingered on and ultimately the US congress had to intervene. As Terri Quill (2005) stated in relation to the case, “how can it be that medicine, ethics, law, and family could work so poorly together in meeting the needs of this woman who was left in a persistent vegetative state?” Cases like Terry Schiavo are not encountered everyday in a healthcare organization but to a lesser extent there are ethical situations that are. Healthcare organizations must also...
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...identify any potential problems that can hinder their success as well as recognize any areas of opportunity for their organization. They are currently analyzing ways to increase the student to teacher ratio by implementing a new computer software program to aid in the students learning. The board of directors is interested in benchmarking other companies to increase their knowledge and improve their chance to meet their strategic objectives. Describe the Situation Issue and Opportunity Identification There does not appear to be a framework for project management or operations with the Foundation Schools project team. Confusion and identification with the project is compounded due to the lack of a project manager. The end state vision is not clear and can be very broad and does not lead to a conclusive success of the project. The teachers of Foundation Schools do not feel compelled to change their teaching styles to incorporate the Life Skills software. Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas Foundation Schools will be able to not only increase revenue for the organization, but help the lives of the students of the schools by utilizing a dedicated team and enhancing the culture in a way that stresses the importance of team work and job dedication. The balance of a strong, dedicated team is what is required to balance the importance to the stakeholders....
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