...Helmke Business Public Policy Endangered Species Act Extinctions have occurred throughout our planet's natural history. Some species develop as others die out, making space in the ecosystem for those best suited to any given habitat's natural conditions. Long before human beings arrived, fossil records show that populations of animals evolved, thrived, declined, and became extinct. However, the rate of extinctions in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries drastically increased to an estimated 100 to 1,000 times the normal expected rate of extinction. The majority of these accelerated extinctions can be directly traced to mankind's impact upon the natural environment in the form of hunting, fishing, agriculture, development, pollution, habitat encroachment, disease, and global climate change. Due to the increasing number of endangered species, as well as, species becoming extinct, the United States Congress decided to take action. Congress passed the Endangered Species Preservation Act in 1966, providing a means for listing native animal species as endangered and giving them limited protection. The Departments of Interior, Agriculture, and Defense were to seek to protect listed species, and, insofar as consistent with their primary purposes, preserve the habitats of such species. The Act also authorized the Service to acquire land as habitat for endangered species. In 1969, Congress amended the Act to provide additional protection to species in danger of “worldwide extinction”...
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...“The Endangered Species Act is the strongest and most effective tool we have to repair the environmental harm that is causing a species to decline.”-Norm Dicks.More than 600 kinds of plants and 324 different animals in Missouri are of concern to conservationists because they are uncommon or their numbers are low or declining.Do you think that everyone in Missouri knows what is happening to many species of plants and animals because of the things we as humans are doing to them and their environment? The Endangered species Act is the most important federal law protecting imperiled wildlife and plants. For nearly 40 years, the ESA has helped prevent the extinction of our nation's wildlife treasures, including beloved American icons such as the...
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...The Endangered Species Act is a conservation act to preserve environments and animals in need. It was created in 1973 but what led up to it was the Act of 1966 and the amendment of 1969. Both of these acts were to limit poaching and help preserve the animals. Congress created the law backed by early conservationists like Dr. Train, Dr. Earl Baysinger Dick Gutting, and Dr. Gerard Then it was approved by clinton who helped start the biggest work to save animals. Endangered species are species that are close or in danger of becoming extinct. There are 7 levels to the endangered animals based on how close they are to being extinct. They use data on population levels, Ecosystems the animals live in and the rate an Organism's population is...
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...The Endangered Species Act The second half of the twentieth century was a time of the greatest advancements in environmental awareness in history. It was during this time that people began to realize there impact on the environment. People began to realize that something must be done to stop the negative impacts on their surroundings which caused the environmental movement to be born. One of the most important factors that resulted from this has been the protection of endangered species. Many actions have been taken to ensure the protection of endangered species including two major policies: CITES and the Endangered Species Act. In 1966, Congress passed the Endangered Species Preservation Act, this provided limited protection to a list of native animal species. The Departments of Agriculture, Interior and Defense were responsible for the protection of these species and the preservation of their habitats. This act also gave land to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to help maintain these natural habitats. The Endangered species act was amended in 1969 because more protection was needed. With the threat of worldwide extinction, the amendment called for an international meeting and changed the name to the Endangered Species Conservation Act. Several years later, in 1973, the United States and twenty-three other nations signed an international act called CITES or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna. CITES monitors...
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...Final Paper (Summary of Endangered Species Act) Endangered Species Act “What is an endangered species?” is a question that needs to be addressed before getting known of endangered species act. An endangered species is a population of organisms which is at risk of becoming extinct due to three possible reasons: it is few in numbers. According to the theory of Exponential Growth Curve proposed by Malthus, a lower population tends to have a lower reproductive rate and thus a higher risk of going extinct; or a species is threatened by changing environment. A species which fail to adapt a new environment by means such as mutation which creates new “fitting” genes tends to have a higher risk of going extinct; or it is affected predation parameters. In a community, defined as a group of interacting organisms sharing a populated environment, the population of a species is highly dependent on one another. If the predator population of a species is high, this can limit its reproductive rate and thus the population growth. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an organization which “helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges.” (IUCN “About IUCN”)According to one of its reports, the endangered species is 40% of all organisms, which has reached the stage of alarm that endangered species conservation policies must be implemented in no time. IUCN is a leading endangered species act organization which...
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...Discuss one management practice for sustainability and conservation of natural resources in that ecosystem The protection of marine species and ecosystems in oceans and seas worldwide is marine conservation. Marine conservation involves the protection and restoration of species, populations and habitats while mitigating human activities such as overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, whaling and other issues that affect marine life and habitats. The goal of marine conservation is accomplished by enforcing and creating laws, such as the Endangered Species Act and Marine Mammal Protection Act. It is also done by establishing marine protected areas, studying populations through conducting stock assessments and mitigating human activities with the goal of restoring populations. A recent practice that has become popular in marine conservation is the use of Marine Conservation Agreements (MCAs). Through recent years of research, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have realized that the creation of formal protected areas may not be adequate enough to protect ocean and coastal biodiversity, particularly in areas where rights have already been contracted to specific owners and users. In order to address this, NGOs have increased their usage of MCAs to complement other marine and coastal protection efforts. Marine Conservation Agreements consist of any formal or informal understanding in which one or more parties commit to delivering explicit economic incentives in exchange...
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...Can endangered species of the world rely on the international law for their safety? Discuss This essay will attempt to discuss how the international law protects endangered species of the world. Using academic commentary and legislation it will also review the ethical, philosophical, economical and moral aspects of this area of law. The essay will also draw attention to the current issue, which has been a controversy in the preservation of endangered species of the world, but will particularly pay more attention to the protection of whales. Ever since the days of illustrious philosophers such Plato, Aristotle, Descartes to the modern scientists there has been a lengthy wait in fighting for laws and acts to protect animals in keeping them in good health and their populations high in numbers. Long ago, most animals became extinct because of natural events, like earthquakes or volcano eruptions. Climatic changes were also a threat i.e. like the ‘beginning of the Ice Age which also led to the disappearance of certain species’ . Today, animals are in danger mostly because of human beings. In the 17th century Descartes and Plato both portraying animals as mere objects, held that ‘animals have no conscience and humans should have no moral obligation’ towards them. However, through the advancement of technology and science Charles Darwin came up with his theory of evolution, bringing new developments and protection to endangered species, with his effort in his work there...
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... Although the Endangered Species Act (ESA) at first glance seems to offer only benefits, it has been a topic of heated controversy since it was passed in 1973. The Act was created in response to the increasing awareness of animal endangerment and extinction, particularly those of the iconic American bison and passenger pigeon. When President Nixon signed the law he declared, “Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed.” According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), endangerment is the second most serious status and indicates a “very high risk of extinction in the wild.”...
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...The Moral Obligation Toward Endangered Wild-life George Michael Olivas American Military University Professor Myers PHIL320 Environmental Ethics July 24th 2013 Abstract The moral agency of a man, all the same, looms ambiguously but more so mirroring an image of self—an image contrary to the ethical framework as it ought relate to the natural world. The premise by which we often grant moral importance to Homo sapiens is the mere membership within that group of species. Naturally the premise carries with it little to no weight and is nearly fallacious. Ethicist Peter Singer prompts humanity on the realism that the only other criteria by which to judge for moral consideration is sentience which definitively applies to broader a species. Sentience, as it is theoretical, is inclusive of moral consideration, "The capacity for suffering and enjoying things is a prerequisite for having interests at all, a condition that must be satisfied before we can speak of interests in any meaningful way (Singer, 1974).” The application of industry leaves a footprint in the delicate ecosystems of the earth which normally espouses a plethora of creatures known to regulate the respective biosphere. Far before humanity wandered to and fro the earth, animal life met extinction by natural causes nevertheless our dominance single-handedly exploits the environment and pollutes far worse than any means of naturalism—subjecting animal life into conditions...
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...replenish the oxygen to survive off of. All animals and plants are a part of our lifecycle and should be respected as such. The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was put in place to protect threatened and endangered animals and plants. There are two agencies that equip this program, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This act was dated official in 1973. There is a specific list of species that are endangered. This law requires that these agencies ensure that all species on that list are to never be compromised in any way such as: importing, exporting, hunting, etc. In the 1900s, when it was realized that bison and a bird in North America called the Passenger Pigeon were going missing, it was determined that something had to be done to protect the wildlife. As this issue was looked upon, it was found that millinery and pesticides were a major cause of animal and plant extinction. Millinery is the designing and manufacturing of hats. When people realized that they could profit from making a product with animal skins and furs, millinery became a problem for wildlife. Those who are greedy and unconcerned were not going to stop without a law in place. Therefore, the ESA was put in place, attempting to preserve what animals were left to replenish from specific species. Pesticides became an issue with the extinction of plants when kudzu entered the life of our native plants in 1876. Kudzu is an...
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...audience on the cover page for the National Geographic Magazine in March 1995. The pup’s deep and sorrowful eyes break the reader’s heart. Known for presenting the utmost beauty and fascination in wildlife, the National Geographic cover exploits the harsh reality that endangered animals face. The purpose of this cover is to raise awareness of the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The act “is to protect and recover imperiled species and the ecosystems upon which they depend.” The prominent images of the wolf caught in the manmade net on the cover depict the purpose of the Endangered Species Act. The background is blurred out green, but shows that the pup was captured in his own home. The dark tones represent the tragedy at hand. The wolf’s sad eyes are calling out to the reader for help. His arms are folded in defeat. He is stuck. All the reader wants to do is set him free. The print at the bottom right side of the cover says “The Endangered Species Act,” giving the reader a reference to obtain more information on the innocent animals. The caption just above the act states in large capital letters says “DEAD OR ALIVE.” The play on words designates the continuous battle between hunting and protecting endangered species. The hunters want them dead for their meat and fur, while the environmentalists want them alive and thriving. With the combination of the depressing photo and the bold quote, the reader can only root for the wolf’s survival. It is in human nature to let their heart out...
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...Poaching of Endangered Species “The main reason for animals endangered is the uncontrolled human activity.” This quote was stated on a website called Animal Port. There are many reasons why this statement is true, one of them are poaching. Poaching occurs out of greed to make money. Although there are several laws to protect certain animals, this is a horrible act to any animal. Especially for the animals that are already endangered. Poachers minimizing these animal’s numbers for their own pleasure is not good. People who are against poaching should do what they can to stop this act from escalating, or there will not be any balance on this world. Animals are being killed every day from illegal hunting or capturing, that is called poaching; it’s getting worse and worse in certain places and we should do whatever we can to try and stop it. Poaching happens all around the world. Mainly in parts of the world where there is more game to hunt and a lot of money involved. A social science graduate from Makerere University Kampala in Uganda named Peter Galyak Magellan said that humans have been hunting for survival for a long time now and not because of pleasure. He stated “While primitive humans relied largely upon hunting for food, the agricultural revolution (approximately 10,000 years ago) reduced the need for survival hunting in most parts of the world. Hunting has continued, however, for several reasons, and poaching remains a possibility wherever hunting is...
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...Forest goods in the Pacific Northwest. Two U.S. agencies are trying to halt logging due to the endangerment of two species, the spotted owl and the red cockaded woodpecker. Issues: The issue in this case is whether the interpretation of the word harm under the Endangered Species Act includes habitat modification or destruction when it may kill or injure wildlife. The issue in a general sense was whether the statute applies to commercial businesses with the unintended attention directed towards endangered species. If commercial business were to go ahead with their project then it will have an indirect effect on destroying endangered species habitats. Lower court decisions: The Trial Court found for petitioner, defendants appealed. The Appellate Court found for defendants, petitioner appealed Decision: The Supreme Court held that the definition of harm does include significant habitat modification where it actually kills or injures wildlife. They also specified that the Appellate Court was wrong by assuming that words in the definition of "take" only apply to actions involving direct contact with endangered animals. Reasoning: This case demonstrated the actual definition of the Endangered Species Act. In this case one could notice that the act goes far beyond the literal meaning of the word. The intent of ESA is to give broad protection to endangered species, and must include even actions that may have minimal or unforeseeable effects. I do agree with the courts decision...
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...Assignment #1 Learning By Doing PAD 525 Ronald Fitzgerald 1. This compilation of the Freedom of Information Act is unofficial and for the convenience of the public only. While every effort was made to attain complete accuracy herein, the reader is advised to consult the Connecticut General Statutes for the official codification of the law 2. In the year of 1894 the statute of the income tax was termed as being unconstitutional. It was officially termed as being unconstitutional in the year of 1895 for which an amendment which was not constituted in the congress. It was later challenged in the case of Pollock versus the farmers and it was then that the income tax norm was held totally unconstitutional by the supreme court of USA. It was due to the fact that it imposed a tax which was direct by nature on the real property as well as the personal property that was invested. 3. The federal statute authorizing the U.S. Secretary of Transportation to make payments to states for the value of materials stockpiled near federal highway construction projects in conformity with the project specifications. a. The Secretary, from time to time as the work progresses, may make payments to a State for costs of construction incurred by the State on a project. Such payments may also be made for the value of the materials— b. that have been stockpiled in the vicinity of the construction in conformity to plans and specifications for the projects; and c. that are...
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...EthisCarly Peters Ethics, Night Class Mr. Hobbs May 6, 2013 An Ethical View into Animal Rights In May of 2007, two humpback whales, a mother and her calf, found themselves stranded in a fresh water river off the coast of California. They were in the process of migrating from Alaska to Mexico, when they made a wrong turn under the Golden Gate Bridge, and into the San Francisco Bay. They landed over 90 miles away from the Pacific Ocean that they needed to return to for survival. Their skin began showing signs of distress and injury, and the public decided it was time to get involved. They began sending in all their ideas on how the whales could be coaxed back through the river, into the bay, and off to the ocean. They sent e-mails, made phone calls and visits to government agencies, and came up with countless original ideas that they wanted to share with officials. The longer time went on, the more worried people were becoming about these whales. Fortunately, the Coast Guard was eventually successful in coaxing the whales back through the channel and out to the Pacific after many failed attempts. Why do people care so much about other living creatures? Another question I must bring up is should we be spending so much time and effort on them when there are many other human needs of people that need to be met around the world? I will be connecting many ethical philosophies to this idea of Animal Rights throughout this discussion, and hopefully you will be able...
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