...2.6 Solar Energy 2.6.1 Introduction Energy from the sun is called solar energy. The Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusion reaction that takes place deep in the sun. Hydrogen nucleus fuse into helium nucleus. The energy from these reactions flow out from the sun and escape into space. Solar energy is sometimes called radiant energy. These are different kinds of radiant energy emitted by sun. The most important are light infrared rays. Ultra violet rays, and X- Rays. The sun is a large sphere of very hot gases. Its diameter is 1.39x106KM. While that of the earth is 1.27x104 KM. The mean distance between the two is 1.5x108KM. The beam radiation received from the sun on the earth is reflected in to space, another 15% is absorbed by the earth atmosphere...
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...Waste and Energy Paper Team A ENV 100 February 13, 2012 Instructor - Onesimus Otieno Waste and Energy Paper Oil is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. Oil is then refined and separated into different products – such as gases, jet fuel, heating oil, diesel, and asphalt. Oil is also used to make petrochemicals, compounds used to make products such as fertilizers, plastics, paints, pesticides, medicines, and synthetic fibers (Berg & Hager, 2009). Most environmental problems associated with oil are caused by burning and transporting it. Burning oil produces carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, so it contributes to global warming. It can also lead to acid deposition because the combustion of oil is the leading cause of nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxides inhibit plant growth and they are involved in photochemical smog and acid deposition (Berg & Hager, 2009). They can also lead to acidification of soils, affecting the plant varieties that are able to grow in the soil. This leads to a decrease of diversity in the environment. Plants that cannot handle acidic soils die off. In turn, animal species in the area decrease as only the species that can live off of those particular plants will thrive. Others will move on to new areas looking for plants that they have become accustomed to. Another...
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...Energy Conservation SCI 275 Rochelle Troyano May 9, 2010 It would be hard to imagine a life without the use of energy. So many of the products that we use on a daily basis are powered because of electricity, which in turn is generated because of energy. American’s use a mixture of different energy sources to cool and heat our homes, offices and means of transportation. We also use energy sources to illuminate and power these same places. Oil has provided the United States with less than 50% of energy needs and supplies almost 97 percent of the energy used for transportation (Dale and Kluga, 1992). There are two sources of energy that we depend on: renewable and nonrenewable energy. Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural sources which is constantly renewed. Some examples of renewable energy is wind, water, sun, vegetation, and geothermal. Nonrenewable energy comes from natural resources that are unable to be replenished like, fossil fuels i.e. oil, gas, and coal. Also, a large percentage of electric power that is located in the United States primarily comes from nuclear power plants. Current plants that operate possess a significantly large amount of waste disposal problems which in turn mean that there are currently no plans of building any additional nuclear power plants. A mass amount of electricity is generated because of the burning of nonrenewable energy sources. Due to this massive problem, the conservation of energy is a process we need to take more seriously...
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...activities to generate power. And this type of natural energy production is extremely environmentally friendly and used in many geothermal spots. And to harness this geothermal energy, a deep hole are being drilled into the earth (much like when drilling for oil) until a significant hot spot is found. And this geothermal power is one of the most renewable energy sources that exist on our planet today. It is also defined as a renewable energy that taps into the heat emanating from earth’s core. And it can be used for many energy uses. Here in the province of Antique on evidence that there is a possible spots for geothermal energy source is located in Brgy. Nato, Anini-y, Antique where hot springs exists. And for this, the assessment of geothermal energy is the first best step (basis for geothermal power plant). Geothermal energy here in Antique is not the concern of the government even though there is evidence and possibility that geothermal energy source here exists. This process required full attention from the government. This energy will be the solution for the major problems in which the province experiencing today. That is why Antique is extremely dependent in power supplies to others in such a way that this power supply can sustain the demand for industrial productions as a whole. Objectives of the study The general objectives of the study enumerates the following * To determine if the geothermal energy in Brgy. Nato is sufficient to generate power supply...
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...With all this talk about fossil fuels polluting our earth, I have failed to demonstrate why solar energy is the superior "clean" alternative. Solar energy is a "clean" energy source because it takes the suns energy and converts it to usable energy without any pollution. The article "How Solar Power Works" explains this process. Solar panels contain cells made of silicon under a layer of glass for protection. These cells, when hit by sunlight, generate what they call electron activity. This electron activity is what creates the energy and that energy can then be stored in a battery or immediately used (Morris). Solar panels are not as "high tech" as I originally thought going into my research. This simple design eliminates the need for pollution....
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...Waste and Energy Paper Name ENV 100 April 11, 2011 Tamue L. Gibson, M.S. Waste and Energy Paper Pollution introduces contaminants or pollutants into the natural environment that causes unsteadiness and long-term effects to the ecosystem. Waste is slowly polluting the environment and killing humans, plant life, and animals. Waste comes in many forms: solid waste; plastic, hazardous waste material; nuclear waste, and fossil fuel; oil. The world has become a gigantic trashcan. With the expansion of technology, humans are gutting out the earth’s resources, the results are creating an imbalance in the climate, and millions are suffering from ill health. Biological diversity in parts of the world has become an important issue of discussion to environmental activist. Recommendations for illuminating waste are concerns of nations worldwide. Alternative solutions will make way for improvement to the environment and health for millions of people. Plastic bottles are washing ashore on beaches and polluting the oceans. Plastic bottles are the largest source of pollution (Plastic Pollution Collation, 2010). Such items as plastic utensils, straws, lids, and bottles are releasing chemicals into the ocean and destroying the marine life beneath. Although designed for temporary use, they remain around forever. The American Chemical Society studied water samples and found polystyrene, a commonly used plastic found in cutlery and Styrofoam, and went on to say that plastic is a new source...
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...matter of life. We are thankful to our respected Principal, Dr. Dean and our Head of the Department, Dr. Shahnaz Choudhry, who permitted us to avail the opportunity of working in such a helpful and cooperative environment. We greatly wish to acknowledge Dr. Amir Saeed, the Manager of R & D for allowing us to work in Packages Limited, Pakistan and Mr. Ishtiaq ur Rehman, the Senior Research Chemist (R&D) for providing us the opportunity of this work and encouraging & appreciating us at every step. He not only permitted us to undertake this important part of internship work but also helped us a lot in conducting this study as a Supervisor. We felt motivated and encouraged every time we attended his meeting, Mr. Imran Khan, the incharge of Paper and Pulp Laboratory, Mr. Zafar Hussain (working staff) and the members of Physical Laboratory in Packages Limited, Pakistan who helped us throughout the work & shared their experiences & knowledge with us. The success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others, apart from our efforts. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. Thanks to our parents whose prayers are always with us to achieve our goals in our whole life. Also, we would like to extend masses of gratitude to R & D Department for facilitating us with their leadership. Anam Nawazish Mahrukh Saleem Khan Sadaf Sherwani ...
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...VISY PULP AND PAPER PTY LTD ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR A MAJOR PROJECT TUMUT MILL EXPANSION 436 Gadara Road, Tumut, New South Wales January 2007 H:\Environmental\VPP9 Stage 2\Stage 2\FINAL EA SUBMISSION\Main Report\Visy Tumut Final Env Assessment Main Report.doc Environmental Assessment Submission Under Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 Statement by Authors Environmental Assessment Prepared By: Name Ms Leanne Hayes Company Visy Pulp and Paper Pty Ltd Position Project Environmental Engineer Qualifications BSc Environmental Biology Address 436 Gadara Road, Tumut, New South Wales, 2720 Co-authored and Reviewed By: Name Ms Alison McRae Company Peter J Ramsay and Associates Pty Ltd Position Associate Qualifications Bachelor of Engineering (Environmental), Bachelor of Commerce Address 3/538 Gardeners Road, Alexandria, New South Wales, 2015 Project Under Part 3A: Application Number 06_0195 Development Visy Pulp and Paper Tumut, Mill Expansion Development Location 436 Gadara Road, Tumut, New South Wales, 2720 Proponent Visy Pulp and Paper Pty Ltd PO Box 98 Tumut, New South Wales, 2720 Certification: I certify that I have prepared this Environmental Assessment report and that to the best of my knowledge: it has been prepared in accordance with Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act and Regulations; and the information...
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...of textbook (Paper Life Cycle, 2011) Step 1 (Forest) Firstly, the producer will seek materials for making papers, the woods is the main material of making papers. The manufacturers will purchase lots of woods from the supplier of trees to progress their papers. So that the, supplier will cut down the trees from the forest instead to supply to the producers. When these happened, if the landowners failed to practice sustainable, this will cause the failure of sustainability of managing forest and damaged to the environment heavily (Life Cycle, 2011). Step 2 (Transportation) Secondly, after harvested the trees and clean up and get the woods ready for deliver to the paper manufacturer. The woods would be store in an inventory before gather up and transfer to the manufacturers. This step requires the machine to arrange and pick to the transportation or inventory which is man power hardly to do. The woods will deliver to the manufacturer accordingly to the quantity of order. During this step, the social impact toward the society could be offered job opportunity and not much impact to the environment (Life Cycle, 2011).. Step 3(Paper Making) Thirdly, the process is to remove all of the bark from logs. Afterward chipping the logs, we cook the wood chips in a large vessel under pressure with heat and chemicals. When the cooking is complete, the pulp is washed to separate the fiber from the lignin and cooking chemicals. Then come to the paper making process....
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...that everyone has to be a writer in full sense, yet contemporary students feel pretty much like this, with all the load of papers and essays to write overnight or by "the end of the week". For sure, education is a must and the way to it is not paved with roses, still the only thought seems to plague the minds of learners today - who might write my essay, or write my paper, or save me from this burden, in other words. Young people have to study, definitely so, yet sometimes we all need time with family or just time to be alone and refresh our minds and energy, but the growing speed of life does not provide us with such luxury. Now it is time to change the situation. Our company has relatively long and totally successful history of catering to the students' needs in terms of demands like "write my essay", "write my paper" or "help me write my essay". We deal in the widest possible range of topics and provide papers of all academic levels - from school to PhD theses. We offer expertise, integrity, punctuality and more that moderate prices, which makes us perhaps the best company in the field (it is not an exaggeration, rather statement of the fact). If you wreck your brains with the questions "Who can write my essay for me?", or "Who can write my paper for me (term paper, or coursework, or something else)?", then just go to our website, choose the type of the paper and formatting style, and hit the "Go" button. Let the miracle begin, so to...
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...India's pulp and paper sector PESTLE Analysis PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the industry situation as a whole, and is often used in conjunction with a SWOT analysis to assess the situation of an individual business. PESTLE stands for “Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal and Environmental” factors. The questions to ask are: § What are the key political factors likely to affect the industry? § What are the important economic factors? § What cultural aspects are most important? § What technological innovations are likely to occur? § What current and impending legislation may affect the industry? § What are the environmental considerations? Political Factors The Political factor refers to the governmental policies which are much influenced by the economic situation in a country. It is a macro aspect of analyze which deal with major changes to the government policies of a country. It has great influence to the business outlook and confidence. Political factors often comprises of - Current taxation policy - Future taxation policy - The current and future political support - Grants, funding and initiatives - Trade bodies - Effect of wars or worsening relations with particular countries Economic factors The Economic factor is an area where macro economic environment can affect the outlook and competitiveness of any business sectors in the country. Economic factors comprises of - Overall economic situation - Strength of...
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...waters of these rivers nurtured by monsoons during Paddy season in July & August, gives birth to finest Basmati Rice with its aroma, elongation & fluffiness upon cooking. It is in this delta that Basmati Rice is grown from centuries, which is not only the folklore of Punjab but also is the heritage of Pakistan. * Tefal kettle Price; 1200RS tefal is a French cookware and small appliance manufacturer owned by Groupe SEB. Prepare hot drinks in style with one of the attractive kettles. * Luminarc plate set Price; 1199Rs Luminarc is the oldest brand currently sold by Arc, launched in 1948. Arc International is a French manufacturer and distributor of household goods. * Bullet Energy Drink Price; 95 Rs Manufactured in Belgium, this quality energy drink contains the same ingredients and vitamins as competing brands, but for half the price! Bullet is currently marketed in over 100 countries internationally and its manufacturer, Sunmark Products located in the UK has won the prestigious Queen’s award for enterprise for 4 years in a row. *...
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...MANAGEMENT NEW CAIRO PAPER MILL TOPIC NAME LECTURER: DR.TONY JEWELS SUBMISSION DATE: 16.10.2013 STUDENT NAME: KHALED IBRAHIM STUDENT ID: 867438 TABLE OF CONTENT Executive summary ……………………………………………………………………………..3 1.Introduction 4 1.1 mission and vision 4 1.2 Objective of the Study 5 2. Key process in operations 5 2.1 Procurement 5 2.2 Production 5 2.3 Distribution 7 2.4 The sales 7 3. Planning stages and control 7 3.1 Strategic 7 3.2 Tactical 8 3.3 Operative 9 4. Environmental, Health, and Safety for Pulp and Paper Mills 10 4.1 Environment 10 4.2 Occupational Health and Safety 12 4.3 Community Health 13 5. Conclusion 13 List of Figures Figure 1 9 Figure 2 15 Executive summary Paper is a sheet of fibers with a number of added chemicals that affect the properties and quality of the sheet. Besides fibers and chemicals, manufacturing of pulp and paper requires a large amount of process water and energy in the form of steam and electric power. Consequently, the main environmental issues associated with pulp and paper production are emissions to water, emissions to air, and energy consumption. Waste is a gradually increasing environmental issue of concern .Paper production typically involves the following steps: • Producing and acquiring fiber • Chemically or mechanically processing the fiber into pulp • Running the pulp through a paper machine to create large rolls of paper The papermaking...
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...Stapling Papers There were many steps that were included in the B.L.A.S.H. Rube Goldberg project. Our group members were Lucas Simmons, Amber Owens, Sam Eason, and Haley Phillips. We had to fulfill the task of stapling papers together. Our project consisted of 12 steps and had 6 different types of steps. The different types of steps were rolling, sliding, falling, flowing, springing, and pulling. All of these steps worked together, like a chain reaction, to complete our assigned task. Our group had to select 8 items that we picked from the stage. These were two golf balls, short pvc ramp, long pvc ramp, pvc tube, 8 dominoes, screw, and toothpaste. We had to bring in many different items that included: slinky, nails, glue, tape, plywood, hook, string, solo cups, water, cardboard, pool ball, ping pong ball, toy car, two by four wood, white trim, hard cup, two science books, stapler, two pieces of paper, water bottle funnel, and pvc elbow. These all served a certain purpose in our Rube Goldberg Project. The first...
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...How to Make Charcoal from Paper By Karren Doll Tolliver, eHow Contributor Homemade paper charcoal briquettes can be used in backyard grills. Commercial charcoal for grilling food is expensive and can be harmful to the environment. However, industrious do-it-yourselves can make their own "charcoal" from newspaper. This reduces the amount of newspaper refuse as well as the amount of commercial charcoal consumed. In addition, no lighter fluid is needed with the homemade charcoal paper. Therefore, petroleum-based products are also conserved. Making your own charcoal takes only water and a washtub. The time spent forming the charcoal paper briquettes is negligible, although they need to dry for a couple of days in the sun. Things You'll Need • Washtub • Water • Old newspaper Instructions 1 Tear the old newspaper into pieces about the size of your hand or smaller. 2 Place all the torn newspaper pieces in the washtub. Cover with water and let sit for at least one hour. The newspaper will be ready when it is thoroughly saturated with water and is mushy to the touch. 3 Grab a large handful of the mushy newspaper. Form it into a ball about the size of a golf ball or ping pong ball, squeezing out as much water as you can. Repeat until all the mushy newspaper is in ball form. Discard the water. 4 Place the wet newspaper balls in the sun for at least two days. Do not let them get rained on. They must be completely dry and brittle. At this point they are ready for use in the same...
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