...Renewable Energy 50 (2013) 456e463 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Renewable Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/renene Overview of potential and utilization of renewable energy sources in Turkey E. Toklu* Department of Mechanical Engineering, Duzce University, Düzce, Turkey a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 22 May 2012 Accepted 20 June 2012 Available online 9 August 2012 Keywords: Energy utilization Renewable energy Sustainable development Turkey a b s t r a c t The necessity of minimizing environmental impacts of energy use, particularly those with potentially worrisome global effects, is perhaps the greatest challenge resulting from the twentieth century’s energy advances. The renewable energy technologies of wind, biofuels, solar thermal and photovoltaics are nally showing maturity and the ultimate promise of cost competitiveness. Turkey’s demand for energy and electricity is increasing rapidly and heavily dependent on expensive imported fossil energy resources that place a big burden on the economy and environmental pollution is becoming an important concern in the country. With respect to global environmental issues, Turkey’s carbon dioxide emissions have grown along with its energy consumption. States have played a leading role in protecting the environment by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most ef cient and effective solutions...
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...For the past 10 years, Turkey has grown its real GDP at about 6% annually. This came after a huge debt crisis in 2001-02, wherein Turkey had to borrow $16 billion more from the IMF and comport with its difficult conditionality. Today, Turkey is a middle-income country in search of an effective development strategy. It tends to run high inflation with a devalued currency, despite massive capital inflows and a huge current account deficit. At home, the government has carefully managed between Islamicization, democracy and secularism. And abroad, it deals with a difficult neighborhood – Syria, Iran, Iraq, Israel (not to mention Russia, Europe and the USA). Prime Minister Erdogan is trying to rewrite the Constitution before 2014, when the next election occurs. 1. What have been the strengths and weaknesses of Turkey’s growth model? 2. What is causing the current account deficit? What can Turkey do about it? 3. What do you make of Islamicization in Turkey? Has it gone too far? Will it? 4. What do you make of the government’s foreign policy – “zero problems with its neighbors”? Country Background: • Land Mass; 97% in Asia 3% in Europe • 8400 Km Coast Line. (Mediterranean & Black Sea) Rivers: Tigris & Euphrates • Population 75 mm growing at 1.2% annually. 99% Moslem of which 30% Kurdish roots • 26% of population under 15 Years. • Economic activity dominated by Services 64%, then Industry 27 % then Agriculture 9% • Informal economy (unregistered) is a substantial...
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...According to economists Turkey has a serious current account deficit problem. I agree with this argument. First of all current account is balance of payments which is the sum of balance of trade (exports minus imports of services or goods), factor income and transfer payments. Current account deficit problem occurs when a country spends more money than it earns. Which means expenditures are higher or more than earnings of that country. Country can spend that money either for investments or for paying its loan. If you spend that money for investments you will earn money and pay your debt but if you spend for paying your loans you will have to get more debt from other countries. Turkey has current account deficit problem because oil and energy is taken from other countries and private sector production can’t compete with foreign sector. This leads to huge gap between import and export. First of all country has to find ways to create its own energy or new sources. Secondly, government has to help or create efficient ways to help private sector to produce quality products and gain profit from those products and better conditions to compete with foreign sector products. When a country could have its worldwide brands or products that country’s export will be higher than its imports. This will automatically decreases the current account deficit because import and export will be more equal or balanced. Government can sell bond to foreign investors or domestic investors to decrease the...
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...Armenian-Turkish border. Results obtained by analyzing currently existing trade flows are combined with opinions and estimates gained during interviews with experts, businessmen, and government officials, as well as from mass-media and professional publications. Different sectors of the economy such as energy, tourism, transportation and agriculture are considered. Sectors of the Armenian economy that might have competitive advantage or disadvantage after the border is opened are also identified. Policy makers should pay special attention to those sectors that are expected to be most affected, while measures must also be developed to protect vulnerable sectors. In order to maximize the expected benefits of the border opening, the government should also facilitate improvements in the overall competitiveness of Armenian companies by investing in infrastructure in the border regions, such as railways, roads, warehouses and providing transparent, fair and effective public services, in particular customs and tax service, as well as favorable conditions for investment in those sectors of the economy holding competitive promise. Keywords: Trade, Export, Import, Policy, Economic Relations 1 Introduction Armenia and Turkey are two neighboring countries located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Since 1993, and due to a number of historical and political reasons, 328 km...
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...between Philippines and Japan. Turkey is bounded by the Aegean Sea on the west, on the northwest by the Sea of Marmara, Greece and Bulgaria and on the north by the Black Sea. Taiwan is available for air and sea transportation. There are five harbors and eighteen airports in Taiwan, two of which are international. At this point we think that the sea transportation is suitable for the transport of bulky goods like hybrid cars although it is the slowest shipping method for exporting goods. In addition, sea transportation is the most preferred transportation method according to air, road transport and railway because of the cheapest way. DIFFERENCES IN CLIMATES AND DISEASE ENVIRONMENTS In Taiwan there is no severe cold in winter and no cruel summer. Annual average temperature of Taiwan is 22 degrees Celsius. Weather conditions can fluctuate little during winter and spring but the weather is relatively stable in winter and autumns. As a disease environment, we can talk about a liver disease which is a common disease in Taiwan. A parasite Cryptocaryon which infect with raw or uncooked fish damages to liver so it is known for liver disease. Other diseases that can be seen in Taiwan are HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. Ultimately cardiovascular diseases which occurs results of air pollution can be seen in Taiwan. Typically, three climatic types can be seen in Turkey, black sea, Mediterranean and continental climate. However, generally climate of the Turkey can be defined as follow; hot and...
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...SEC 302 2016 Fast-Food Sector Fast-Food Sector in Turkey Semin Eser Tolga Bozoğlu Deniz Sofu SEC 302 2016 Fast-Food Sector Fast-Food Sector in Turkey Semin Eser Tolga Bozoğlu Deniz Sofu OUTLINE 1. Description of the Sector 2. Value Chain for the Sector 3. Sector Dynamics 4. Significance of the Sector for Turkey 5. Current Problems of the Sector 6. SWOT Analysis Approach 7. Future of the Sector 1. Description of the Sector Along with the technological developments, the socio-economic situations and the rush in the working environment in our daily lives, fast-food sector has grown simultaneously both in our country and the whole world since people get used to spent less time on eating during the day time. Fast-food as a word defined as the products that are; easy to produce and serve, has non-returnable container, can be eaten by hands, also, can be eaten by plastic fork and spoon and can be packaged as take-away. However, if it is not eaten quickly, it may spoil by its color, taste and smell. Fast-food sector is which customers can buy their food so easily and quickly, is different from the standard restaurants by having standard menus. Most of the fast-food restaurants are serving as self-service, but, you can also find some of them serving by waiters. The active companies in fast-food sector serve two types of fast-foods which are Western...
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...MARBLE INDUSTRY IN TURKEY SİNAN ÜNLÜ S000192 FATİH YILMAZ Mezunlar Grubu 2014 INDEX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………3-4 DESCRIPTION OF SECTOR AND PRODUCT…………………………………………5-6 GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT SUPPLY AND DEMAND……………………...6-10 Turkey’s Natural Stone Reserves Turkey’s Natural Stone Production Conditions Turkey’s Marble and Tiles Production Capacities and Conditions TURKEY’S NATURAL STONE FOREIGN TRADE……………………………10-11 Import Export Turkey’s Demand for Finished Goods SWOT…………………………………………………………………………………..12-15 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES…………………………………………………………..16-19 MARBLE SECTOR IN THE WORLD………………………………………………19-20 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………21 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………….22 Page 2 Mezunlar Grubu 2014 Executive Summary Natural stones have been a symbol of civilization for ages and societies use marble for art, buildings and their living areas and we know that natural stone industry is one of the oldest industry on the world. In these days, usage of marble is increasing and this situation brings marble sector important situation in Turkey. Companies who doing business in this sector, face of some competition because building materials are becoming every day more popular. Natural stone industry is one of the potential profitable industry in the world. Page 3 Mezunlar Grubu 2014 In local and international marketing managers decide that how they will increase their sales and they should analyze industry and realize...
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...launched the market reforms, such as the modernization of the banking system, curbing inflation, blocking high wage growth, settlement of regional debate about the distribution of revenues from the oil industry. GDP grew in 2007-2010 due to increased oil exports and high world oil prices in 2010. Nigeria's GDP growth,% Infrastructure is a major obstacle to economic growth and in August 2010 the President of Nigeria presented a draft of the energy sector, which includes the privatization of state enterprises. In addition, the government will seek to develop public-private partnerships to build roads. Nigeria's financial sector has not suffered from the global financial and economic crisis. Turkey Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector, on which is still accounts for about 30% of employment. The state remains the dominant owner in the major industrial enterprises, banking institutions, transport and communication, however, the privatization program in Turkey continues. Automobile and electronic industry shows the relative growth in exports. The...
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...only company out of the 12 to still be listed on the Dow index. GE serves the entire world with operations in more than 140 countries across the globe with over 305,000 employees globally. With products from appliances to oil, GE remains one of the top engineering manufacturing companies in the world. In fact, when looking at the manufacturing industry as a whole, GE operates in three out of five categories as shown in the illustration. This can be contributing directly to their strategic resource management and strength in their intangible assets of their organization. This paper will address GE’s intangible assets and their impacts to their alignment in strategy in four countries of operation to include the U.S., Mexico, France, and Turkey (Fact, 2013; McKinsey, 2012). Human Capital Many organizations are now reliant on human capital to ensure their continued success and commitment to achieving the organization’s missions and objectives. For GE, the diversity is what helps drive innovation and success. With operations in over 140 countries and more than 305,000 employees, it is evident in how GE values their human capital all over the world. GE continues to invest over $1 billion a year in employee training, development facilities around the world with 90% of their leaders promoted from within (Fact, 2013; Human, 2013) United States General Electric’s headquarters is located in...
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...The Logistics Industry in Turkey November 2013 1 Disclaimer Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Investment Support and Promotion Agency (ISPAT) submits the information provided by third parties in good faith. ISPAT has no obligation to check and examine this information and takes no responsibility for any misstatement or false declaration. ISPAT does not guarantee the accuracy, currency, reliability, correctness or legality of any information provided by third parties. ISPAT accepts no responsibility for the content of any information, news or article in the document and cannot be considered as approving any opinion declared by third parties. ISPAT explicitly states that; it is not liable for any loss, negligence, tort or other damages caused by actions and agreements based on the information provided by third parties. Deloitte accepts no liability to any party who is shown or gains access to this document. The opinions expressed in this report are based on Deloitte Consulting’s judgment and analysis of key factors. However, the actual operation and results of the analyzed sector may differ from those projected herein. Deloitte does not warrant that actual results will be the same as the projected results. Neither Deloitte nor any individuals signing or associated with this report shall be required by reason of this report to give further consultation, to provide testimony or appear in court or other legal proceedings, unless specific arrangements thereof have...
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...Business 1. Turkey has been one of the fastest growing economies in the last 10 years. What have been the main drivers of this rapid growth? a. Fast recession recovery: The painful experience of 2000-01 meltdown that lead to an increase in public debt from38% to 74% of Turkey’s national income, made Turkey better prepared to handle the next crisis. b. Attractive foreign direct investment destination, which grew 20 times from 1990s c. Young and vibrant demographics: Current population of 72 mil with an average age of 29 that makes the young entrepreneurs amongst industrious people d. Europe’s 6th and the world 16th largest economy. e. Strong financial sector and one of the biggest exporter of construction material(cement), car, textile, and agri-business f. Soring share of export to middle east g. Relatively low labor costs compared to higher costs European labor market h. Recent advancement in medium to high-tech sectors i. Recent betterment of the neighboring markets: Russia, Iran, other Middle east countries j. GDP growth rate at 6% between 2002-08 k. Inflation of 9% from 75% a year in 1990s. l. Utilizing its Special geographic location to be the energy corridor amongst Europe ,Middle east & North Africa m. Attempt to normalize relations with all neighboring countries including Armenia. n. Keen and long-term interest in becoming an EU member 2. Which sectors have been...
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...investment incentives in Turkey The Turkish Minister of Economy truly excited prospective investors in Turkey. Not only were details regarding the New Investment Incentives Program announced, but also additional news about a second incentive scheme was provided. Further, the Turkish Minister of Industry announced yet another set of incentives, aimed at attracting investors on technology start-ups. In the near future there will furthermore be a new set of incentives introduced, to the benefit of the Media, Cinema and Entertainment sectors and in order to attract foreign production companies. The introduction of a new investment incentives program every couple of years is a rather common practice in Turkey. This time however, the amendments are different than usual in that they offer a substantial number of new features. The New Investment Incentives Program (“New Program”) is very comprehensive and unlike the former ones, it goes beyond a mere change of rates and dates. For example, the New Program expands the periods and coverage areas of the incentives. The New Program also introduces a fourth ‘pillar’ to the current program, namely incentives for “strategic investments”, which investment incentives categorized by regions, sectors, size and the general investment incentives, also strategic investments are incentivized. The incentive scheme aims for, and will no doubt help to substantially decrease the current account deficit and inter-regional imbalances in Turkey. Also, they will...
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...Foreign Market: Hybrid Cars in Turkey Shareeda Best Hybrid Cars in Turkey May 8, 2011 Assignment #2 Mkt. 506 Economy The economy of Turkey is largely developed. The country is among the world's leading producers of agricultural products; textiles; motor vehicles, ships and other transportation equipment. In recent years, Turkey had a rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in industry, banking, transport, and communications. Turkey has the world's 15th largest GDP and 17th largest Nominal GDP. Like many economies, the Turkish economy has been affected by the global financial crisis with its Finance Ministry reporting that Turkey's budget deficit swelled to 23.2 billion Turkish liras ($15 billion) in the first half of 2009, 13 times higher than a year earlier. In 2009, the Turkish Government introduced various economic stimulus measures to reduce the impact of the financial crisis such as temporary tax cuts on automobiles, home appliances and housing. Turkey has a large and growing automotive industry, which produced 1,024,987 motor vehicles in 2006, ranking as the 7th largest automotive producer in Europe; behind Germany. In 2008 Turkey produced 1,147,110 motor vehicles, ranking as the 6th largest producer in Europe and the 15th largest producer in the world. The automotive industry is an important part of the economy since the late 1960s. The companies that operate in the sector are mainly located in the Marmara Region. With a cluster...
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...3 4 The Brands of BSH 3 5 Segmentation & Targeting & Positioning 3 5.1 Segmentation 3 5.2 Target Market 3 5.3 Positioning 3 5.3.1 BOSCH 3 5.3.2 SIEMENS 3 5.3.3 GAGGENAU 3 5.3.4 PROFİLO 3 6 References 3 White Goods Industry The home appliances sector showed a strong recovery in 2010. Driven by increasing consumer confidence and the recovery of real estate construction, the market for large domestic appliances grew by 8% bringing the market to a total of 5.4 million appliances. All major appliance categories with the exception of the solo cookers showed a significant growth. Refrigerator sales increased by 11%, dishwashers sales grew by 7% and washing machine sales increased by 8%. Oven sales was the only category which declined by 4%. Driers, which is a new growth area, increased by 19%. Large home appliances, produced in Turkey, managed to increase by 12% year-on-year reaching 18.4 million units. Roughly 75%, 13.7 million units, were exported, which reflects an increase of 9% year-on year. With this volume Turkey became the biggest white goods appliances producing country in Europe. [1] Brands in White Goods Industry The leader of white goods industry in Turkey is Arçelik and its main competitor is BSH (Bosch and Siemens Home Appliances). BSH is the second company in Turkey’s white goods industry. The others are followers. Bosch and Siemens Home Appliances Group is the world's third largest producer of large domestic home appliances...
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...Value Chain Challenges Toyota has one of the most streamlined global value chains of any organization. Even so, the organization sees challenges when investing in different countries around the globe. Iran and Turkey will be evaluated as Toyota looks to expand into countries where they currently do not operate. The evaluation will include an analysis of the legal and ethical issues, political stability, financial considerations, infrastructure, geography, suppliers, manufacturers, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Legal and Ethical Issues Doing business in Iran is taken personal on every level; from government officials to working employees. Networking is usually done through friends and family. Asking for favors is never an issue as long as they can be repaid. Iran always has been seen as a security concern to the United States and other countries. Iran has been targeted by the Financial Action Task Force for money laundering and ties with Latin American countries. Speculation of Iran’s association with the Venezuelan government has Iran paying them to mine uranium for the Iranian government (Ethics World, 2010). Turkey is out to fix the corruption within its country by establishing harsher legal policies and regulation that allow the country’s businesses to meet EU standards of governance. Turkey’s new outlook on life can be summed up in a quote found on an international blog site, created by Aleksander Shkolnikov. “When governments are corrupt, there is less incentive...
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