...English: “… but if you go to an interview and you can't shake hands, look someone in the eye and speak in the appropriate register, you are not going to get the job or place at university”. Sheffield Spring academy advises its pupils to avoid the use of informal words such as “hiya” and “ta” when they’re in school. The teachers will try to learn the pupils when to use Standard English and when to use colloquial language. Kathy August from The United Learning Trust (ULT) says that by doing this they will enhance their prospects of getting a job or a place at the university; so basically the reason is that you won’t be declined because of your accent. The thing about slang is that it is very appealing to children and adolescents. Slang is part of Black English. Maria Manning researched how it was used in a school and saw to her big surprise that many children of different ethnic backgrounds used slang. The main reason was that they wanted to rebel against a culture that had nothing to offer them. Both white and black pupils, who are from the most deprived parts of England as Sheffield Spring, feel excluded from the “British culture” which represents Standard English. This could be a reason why the “slang prohibition” won’t work. Maybe it will just make them more belligerent against the culture. According to the text “Standard English and Received Pronunciation” some people think that the link between accent and social status is weakening. On the other hand we have some...
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...the audience “several years ago, I helped to establish U.S. English, a Washington D.C.- based public interest group that seeks an amendment to the U.S. constitution declaring English our official language…” (paragraph 3). S.I. also specifies about his own experience of being a Japanese immigrant and knowing the important that learning English is. He mentions “I am keenly aware of the things that blind us as Americans…” (paragraph 4). Also, S.I. states “As a former U.S. senator from California…” (paragraph 17) The usage of his experiences, explaining to the audience the interest group, and referring to his previous senator position gives S.I. his credibility. Ethos are particularly important when writing about this subject because if S.I. didn’t have credibility no one wouldn’t consider his point of view. Having credibility is about the subject connects the audience to the author and gives the reader a sense of understanding. 2. S.I starts his argument by relating back to to World War II when immigrants had trouble interacting with English speakers. He then follows up with his argument about making English the official language and why English should be. Also, tells the problem of why students aren’t learning English. Then continues with alternatives to the problem of students not learning English and how to help with non-English- speakers. S.I.’s unstated assumptions are that if America doesn't make English the official language there will be chaos in America and other...
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...words in different context. The latter can be attributed to teenagers who also use existing words such as “like” in different context. Patricia T O’Conner former editor of The New York Times, author of five books about the English language and writer of the article on language “Like”, states that the word like is the “New Say” and that “I’ve always believed that young people are capable of knowing when to use formal versus informal, written versus spoken English’’ (para.19). This essay will be supporting O’Conner’s Statement using evidence and examples from her article. Throughout O’Connor article “Like” she shows how teenagers now use the word in different contexts, such as quoting, paraphrasing, emphasis, summarizing the inner thoughts of the quoter or quotee, introducing an actual quote as well as attitudes gestures, sarcasm and irony. This is accredited to only teenagers, this is not so as, O’Connor further states that “parent might be using like this way without even realizing it”, she confesses that her husband caught her in the act only the other day he was “like, did you hear what you just said?” (para.20). Linguists call it the”quotative like” (para. 2). Temple University Linguistics professor also known as “Ms. Adjective Muffy E.A Siegel researched the mysteries of like in her article, published in the Journal of Semantics “Like: The Discourse Particle and Semantics”, where she: Lends support to Schourup’s (1985) claim that like is a discourse particle” and Larsersohn’s...
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...Abstract There are many aspects of classroom management that can add to the enhancement of effective learning in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or English as a Second Language (EFL) classroom. The school administration, the students, and the teacher all play an important role, to varying degrees, in creating an environment conducive to creating the proper atmosphere for learning to take place. Respect of the EFL/ESL teacher, by the students, fellow faculty members, and administration staff is one of those aspects. In the realm of respect of the classroom teacher, there are a number of topics that can be discussed. In this paper the discussion will be on the physical appearance of the teacher and how that can help the teacher in establishing classroom management in the English classroom. Keywords: Classroom Management, Effective Learning, English as a Foreign Language Role of Classroom Management in Enhancing Effective Learning of English as a Second or Foreign Language Introduction As a teacher, it is critical to have an appearance of a professional educator (Mikesell, 2007). In Thailand, it is common to hear stories of the Native English Speaker (NES) teacher dressing like an unkempt backpacker, having multi-colored hair, or other such unprofessional appearance. Not exactly the proper attire if the goal is to the respect of the students in the EFL classroom. To be treated like a professional, one should look like a professional. First impressions matter...
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...2015 English Language Learners Policy Roxana Rodriguez California State University, Dominguez Hills SPE 481 – Diverse Learners with Exceptionalities July 12, 2015 English Learner History and Sociopolitical Context Immigration has always been a part of American history. However, in 1910 a shift in the type of American immigrant occurred. Up to this point most immigrants were from northern European and were mostly Anglo-Saxon and Protestant. With the incoming of immigrants who looked and talked a lot different from the first American immigrants an Americanization movement commenced. The 1906 Nationality Act made speaking English a requirement for US citizenship, this shaped what it meant to be an American and consequently...
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...hints: Utterances containing partial reference to object or element needed for the implementation of the act (e.g., "The game is boring."). 9. Mild hints: Utterances that make no reference to the request proper (or any of its elements) but are interpretable as requests by context (e.g., "We've been playing this game for over an hour now."). During the last decade, requests have been one of the most commonly researched speech acts in both cross-cultural and interlanguage studies. Cross-cultural pragmatic researchers have analyzed speech acts across a range of languages to investigate whether there are universal pragmatic principles in speech act realizations, and if so, what the characteristics of these universals are (Chen, 2007; Eslamirasekh, 1993; Rinnert & Kobayashi, 1999). On the other hand, focusing on second language acquisition (SLA), many interlanguage researchers have studied differences and similarities that exist in carrying out communication actions among L2 learners and native speakers of an L2. Some SLA researchers explored the speech act of request in English (Francis, 1997; Kaneko, 2004; Kim, 1995; Parent, 2002). Other studies focused on request realization in Spanish (Ruzickova, 2007), and in Japanese (Kahraman & Akkus, 2007; Kubota, 1996). Most of the studies mentioned above deal with interlanguage...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY Henry VIII and the English Reformation A PAPER SUBMITTED TO Dr. Gregory Tomlin IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE CHHI 525 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY DAVID E. ROBERTS LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA SUNDAY, MARCH 8, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction: Henry VIII and the English Reformation………….................................................. 3 Prince Henry VIII and His Character Development....................................................................... 3 King Henry VIII…......................................................................................................................... 6 The Wives of Henry VIII………………………………………………....................................... 8 The Rule of the Crown and the Church of England……............................................................. 12 Conclusion……………………………………………………..……………………………….. 14 Bibliography...……...………..………......................................................................................... 16 ii Introduction: Henry VIII and the English Reformation The study of Henry VIII and the reformation in England continues to fascinate scholars and historians alike. Recent attention has even been given by Hollywood in the production of “The Other Boleyn Girl,” a major motion picture depicting the lives of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Obviously Hollywood isn’t a suitable source for a scholarly inspection of such a historical event, but the existence...
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...This paper concentrates on the observations made during lessons. It also focuses on how learning English for the first time as a language can be taught in a way that would be better and easy to understand. The students that I will deal with are those of grade one and two. Learning activities highly influence on how a student appreciate. Making sure that learning activities are of high quality which can be coupled with situations gives the students’ different perspectives which they can appreciate. They are several relevant skills that are a student is supposed to practice during learning. The skills are clarification, value analysis and problem-solving. The experience which students get during learning are the ones that give the opportunity...
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...Motivation 1 Motivation and Its Role in Language Acquisition Robert A. Cote SLAT 596Y Dr. Linda Waugh December 15, 2004 Motivation 2 “Motivation represents one of the most appealing, yet complex, variables used to explain individual differences in language learning” (MacIntyre et al. 2001, p. 462). These words succinctly describe the multifaceted issue that researchers, classroom instructors and language learners themselves have faced since Gardner and Lambert brought to light the complexities of motivation via their studies in the late 1950’s. The number of factors involved in motivating persons to acquire a foreign language has increased tremendously during the past four decades and attempting to address all of these components in one paper is impractical. The author will therefore attempt to present a limited overview of motivation, supporting research from both inside and outside of the classroom and views challenging its validity. Prior to exploring motivation and its function in language acquisition, one must first understand the term in its general sense. MacIntyre et al. defined motivation as “an attribute of the individual describing the psychological qualities underlying behavior with respect to a particular task” (2001, p. 463). This goal-directed behavior shows itself through distinct actions of the motivated individual. Dörnyei described this explicitly when he wrote the following: The motivated individual expends effort, is persistent...
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...The Future of English? A guide to forecasting the popularity of the English language in the 21st century David Graddol First published 1997 © The British Council 1997, 2000 All Rights Reserved This digital edition created by The English Company (UK) Ltd David Graddol hereby asserts and gives notice of his right under section 77 of the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this work. What is this book about? This book is about the English language in of the English language and concludes that forecasting, identifies the patterns which the 21st century: about who will speak it and for what purposes. It is a practical the future is more complex and less predictable than has usually been assumed. underlie typical linguistic change and describes the way large corporations have briefing document, written for educationists, politicians, managers – indeed any decision maker or planning team with a professional interest in the development of English worldwide. The book has been commissioned by the British Council to complement the many texts already available about the teaching and learning of English, the history and used ‘scenario planning’ as a strategy for coping with unpredictable futures. Section three outlines significant global trends which will shape the social and economic world in the 21st century. Section four discusses the impacts these trends are The Future of English? takes stock...
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...English-E11-12 7/27/07 2:24 PM Page 1 Ministry of Education The Ontario Curriculum Grades 11 and 12 English Printed on recycled paper 07-003 ISBN 978-1-4249-4741-6 (Print) ISBN 978-1-4249-4742-3 (PDF) ISBN 978-1-4249-4743-0 (TXT) © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2007 2007 REVISED CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 Secondary Schools for the Twenty-first Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Importance of Literacy, Language, and the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principles Underlying the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roles and Responsibilities in English Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH 3 3 4 5 9 Overview of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Curriculum Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Strands in the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Basic Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...was about to leave Australia for the first time in his life. He was incredibly anxious; knowing little of what lies for him on the other side of the world. Although Mark had been working part-time at a large department store for the past year, he never experienced work life in a corporate setting, let alone a different country, and was unaware but curious about potential differences in ethics and culture. On the 3rd of December 2011 at 8:20am, Mark set off on a grueling eight hour plane trip to Hong Kong. When arriving at Hong Kong International Airport, Mark noticed a lot of immigration and customs staff had a very limited grasp of English. Even when being asked whether there was any live meat in his baggage, staff had to use gestures and signs in order to communicate with him. This was surprising to Mark as he previously researched that both English and...
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...alter the authors’ names, publisher’s name, copyright notice, disclaimers or, from the digital version, the End User Licence Agreement. All rights reserved worldwide Copyright is reserved in English and all other languages and countries of the world. PhraseBook for Writing, EnglishforResearch.com, EnglishforStudents.com and EnglishforSchool.com are worldwide trademarks and/or service marks of The Whole World Company Limited. Microsoft and Microsoft Word are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners and are hereby acknowledged. Do not make illegal, unauthorized copies of the PhraseBook. The PhraseBook and digital version are protected by copyright law and international treaties. The publisher and authors have striven to ensure the accuracy and correctness of the PhraseBook; however, they can accept no responsibility for any loss or inconvenience as a consequence of use, information or advice contained in the PhraseBook. PhraseBook versions ISBN 978-1-903384-02-2 paperback ISBN 978-1-903384-01-5 digital version (download) ISBN 978-1-903384-00-8 digital multiple user version (CD-ROM) for research groups, departments and universities For PhraseBooks and English books for education, visit EnglishforResearch.com ▪ EnglishforStudents.com ▪ EnglishforSchool.com End User Licence Agreement End User Licence Agreement 1. You must accept the...
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...HOW DOES A MUSIC PROGRAM AFFECT THE READING FLUENCY OF SECOND GRADE ESL STUDENTS? by Candace Rose Cooper A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in English as a Second Language Hamline University St. Paul, Minnesota April, 2011 Committee: Ann Mabbott-Primary Advisor Cynthia Lundgren-Secondary Advisor Kristin Weidlein-Peer Reader To my aunt, Mary Lou Merdan, Ph.D., who dedicated her career to reading literacy through the education of children and teachers. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One: Introduction……………………………………………………………….1 Folk Songs………………………………………………………………………...1 Background of the Research………………………………………………………3 Benefits of Music Education……………………………………………………...4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...5 Chapter Two: Literature Review…………………………………………………………7 Music, Motivation, Language, and Reading Fluency……………………………..7 Music and Language…………………………………………………………..…..8 Music and Motivation……………………………………………………………10 Oral Language……………………………………………………………………15 Reading Fluency…………………………………………………………………17 Strategies for Enhancing Reading Fluency………………………………………21 Fluency and ELLs…………………………………………………...…………...24 Fluency Assessment……………………………………………………………...25 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….29 Chapter Three: Methodology…………………………………………….……………...31 Participants and Research Design………………………………………………..31 Research Paradigm…………………………………………….………………....31 Setting………………………….………………………………………………...32 iii Participants………………………………………………………………………...
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....=-.8 Gontext in Teaching its social Language English c, s o c i o l i n g u i s tech n o g r a p h ia n d it, n e _ - r l l i s hL a n g u a gT e a c h i ni g i t s s o c i a lc o n t e x t o f f e r s h a n d i n t r o d u c ets e and learning on pe , , , a l - p s y c h o l o g i c a lr s p e c t i v e s T E S 0 L t e a c h i n g e l s I l e . . = . a n tl i t e r a t u r e n s e c o n da n g u a ga c q u i s i t i o nt. p r e s e n tE n g l i s ha n g u a gte a c h i n g o contexts' g, i c o . . a r i e t y f s p e c i f i n s t i t u t i o n a l e o g r a p h acn dc u l t u r a l p i e c e - h a v eb e e n s y a b . : . : i c l e s w h i c hi n c l u d e o t hc l a s s i c n d s p e c i a l lc o m m i s s i o n e d e l s - _ .. . , y c h o s e n n o e d i t e d o p r e s e ntth e m a i np r i n c i p l eo f E n g l i s ha n g u a gte a c h i n g ' t a y h r,e c o g n i ste e i n d i v i d u a l i to f s b : , 3 c u so n t h e r o l e sp l a y e d y t e a c h e r a n d l e a r n e r s g u i d a n c eo r s t u d e n t s ' f o i , j . a g e l e a r n e r ss u p p o r t e a c h e r sn t h e p r o v i s i o n f a c t i v e learners between interaction patterns of and negative bothpositive and =-.- r1g, examine :-,rteacherS. n - -ls o v e r a lu n d e r s t a n d io fg l n p u r R e a d eo f f e r s e o p l e n f a m i l i aw i t h r e s e a r cih t h i sf i e l da n r a l l o w i n t h em o r ee x p e r i e n c e d g e g l . = . us s u eis c o n t e m p o r a Ey g l i s...
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