...Theory of World Englishes In our modern world there are more non-native speakers of English than native speakers. This is because there is a growing necessity of people to acquire English as a second language for different purposes. As a result of this growing spread of English, new English varieties have risen all over the world. These are commonly called ‘World Englishes’ which suggests the several variations of English spoken in different countries (Seargeant, 2012) As new ‘Englishes’ develop new theories about their formation, similarities and differences arise around the world. English is no longer seen as a unique structure but as a multicultural and plural concept. Hence, the Theory of World Englishes has been developed. According to Seargeant (2012: 6) the theory of World Englishes is “…used to refer to the general discipline that examines the nature and use of English worldwide or of English in globalised contexts”. Thus, it is vital to consider the cultural issues that influence the contexts of those who want to acquire English as a second language. This helps to understand English variations and improves communication in the world. Therefore, this assignment will firstly explain the development of the Theory of World Englishes, then describe its present and future applications and finally evaluate the cultural impacts on speakers of world Englishes. Firstly, it is relevant to provide a clear explanation of the development of the theory of World Englishes. Historically...
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...English and Englishes in the Philippines: A World Englishes Approach to MTBMLE Isabel Pefianco Martin, Ateneo de Manila University Abstract ! In the past two years since DepEd Order 74 (series 2009) was implemented, teacher training sessions have been conducted that focussed on the development of teaching strategies and the preparation of instructional materials for teaching in multilingual settings. One area of utmost concern among basic education teachers, and often a source of anxiety to both teachers and parents, is how to approach the teaching of English using the first language (L1). This presentation hopes to address these concerns by proposing a World Englishes (WE) approach to English language teaching (ELT) in the Philippines. Introduction ! Just recently, a college freshman who interviewed me for his research paper on mother-tongue based multilingual education (MTBMLE) asked why I supported its promotion even it meant possibly losing my job as an English teacher. The question did not surprise me as it was something that I often encountered whenever teachers, especially English teachers in Metro Manila, are confronted with this unfamiliar creature that is MTBMLE. ! To many stakeholders of the English language--lawmakers, school administrators, teachers, and parents--MTBMLE is perceived as a threat. It is specifically perceived to be anti-English. These perceptions may be traced to beliefs about English that may largely be considered as...
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...Felicia Walker Prof. Farah Habib Eng. 101/A2A 3/10/16 Mid Term Exam Essay Using Different English’s As an African American woman I face multiple barriers every day. Language has always been one of them. People often expect me to speak a certain way based on stereotypes they have grown up with or have been taught. I find that I use multiple forms of the language on a regular basis to relate to the different groups of people that I am around. Although I do speak “Ebonics”, too often people assume that is all I can speak. However, I can also converse quite fluently in proper English over many domains. I always enjoy seeing the surprise on people’s faces when my articulation is not what they anticipated, or when they see me switch seamlessly between them. The common misconception is that all African Americans speak, “Ebonics.” So people automatically expect that I will speak Ebonics. According to the Linguistics Society of America, Ebonics means “black speech.” They also state that this term was created in 1973 by a group of black scholars who disliked the negative connotations of terms like 'Nonstandard Negro English' that had been coined in the 1960s when the first modern large-scale linguistic studies of African American speech-communities began. Well, I grew up in the late 60s and with both my parents being educators, and from the south. Education and proper diction was...
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...Amy Tan she writes about both hers and her mother's experience with language. Tan admits she is "not a scholar or English or literature" (Tan 2006) but expresses her thoughts and supplies empirical evidence about how both she and others judged her mother's intelligence by how she spoke English. Tan introduces us to the concept of "Englishes", i.e. the English used in her household; the English she was taught in school; the English she writes in. Tan writes about the possibility that students, particularly Asian Americans, may be steered away from careers in Literature or creative writing because of the "broken or limited"(Tan, 2006) English used in their homes. I continue to feel that Tan's main goal of the article is to get us to think about the ways we view people who speak "limited or broken" English. As a continuation of the author's goal she writes about how really listening to her own talk as she spoke to various groups about her writing life and her book "The Joy Luck Club” caused her to realize the "whole talk sounded wrong." What she was hearing and learning, perhaps for the first time, was that she was not using one of the "Englishes" that she "did not use at home with my mother." I did identify some new key points and these are how Tan writes about how she thinks "about the power of language--the way it can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth." One way the reading supports this is when she writes about the possibility that there...
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...Different countries have different primarily spoken language. Without, it is often hard to communicate, perform a daily task, express feelings, and others. Suppose you planned to go for study abroad where spoken language it's different than the one you are used to. Is it easy for you to communicate with other? Clearly, it is uneasy. I was intrigued by Amy Tan article which explains about the variation of Englishes we used. Some may not know a variation of Englishes we used as often and how this variation affects our daily customer services provided. In “Mother Tongue” by Amy Tan, who was always fascinated by language in her daily basis. She loves to talk about the English language and its variation she uses. From talking to mom, small groups and even in front of thousands of people. She also described how her friend respond when her mom speaks in English. After a while, she recognizes why her mom does not receive quality of good and services. She also described how standardize test was affected by a mother. Eventually, she became elated after hearing a...
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...Zaira Rios. Engl_114_686 January 31, 2014 Home Language In the lecture of Amy Tan, “Mother Tongue” is described as the way in which language develops from location in which we are raised, and unconsciously we adapt our language with each group we socialize with in our lives. Tan describes herself as someone who is “fascinated by language in daily life. There was a specific moment in the text that Tan realizes that she is using different “Englishes” in different social contexts. Tan was giving a speech about her life, writing, and her book "The Joy Luck Club," to a group of scholarly people, but her mother was also present. It was at this time that she realized that her expressions were more academic, using more formal English, a language she had never used with her mother. Along with the lecture, she relates several examples of how her mother’s “Englishes” influenced her throughout her life, and how sometimes it was a barrier to communication. It was for this reason that Amy Tan decided to write a book where the reading level is easy and understandable--for those who like her mother had difficulty with complex English grammar. In many ways, Tan’s mother’s immigration experience was molded by her grasp of the English language. At times, new immigrants are pre-judged due to their language abilities, which can make life even more difficult. As a new immigrant to the US I can relate to many of Tan’s mother’s experiences. Amy Tan gives as an example when she was talking to...
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...Taylor Adams Dr. E. Montgomery BUS 508 Contemporary Business 02/14/2014 Mergers and Acquisitions When Proctor and Gamble acquired Gillette Products in 2005, Warren Buffet stated “This was a dream deal, this acquisition would create the greatest consumer products company in the world”. (Englishe, 2011) This is one reason why P&G chose to take on the major brand. Other than being known for their razors, Gillette’s products include Duracell batteries, Oral-B, and Braun. This acquisition meant Proctor and Gamble would take much control over the grocery market shelves. Control was everything to P&G at the time of this acquisition. P&G opened a huge door for Gillette, a door that looked inviting to shareholders. Gillette would now be invited into new markets such as China and Japan. China and Japan were two fast growing grocer markets. While this was a great end of the deal for Gillette, P&G would benefit greatly as well. Gillette housed products that were selling and evolving in the market faster than the brand itself. These were the type of acquisitions P&G needed to remain at the top of the product chain, and open the eyes of its competitors. (Englishe, 2011) Proctor and Gamble, the “signed partnership agreement” that formed in 1837 between William Proctor and James Gamble, was making money from the very beginning of its existence. Gamble, began in the large business venture as William Proctor’s protégé, in already existing soap and candle factory...
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...for? A, 100,000 the number of all the words in the French vocabulary. B, 185,000 the number of the words in German. C, 2,700 all the world languages. D, 350,000,000 the number of how many people that are using English as their mother tongue. E, 5-7,000,000 How many people that spoken English in the 16th century. F, 750,000,000 how many people that are using English now. G, 80% of the information in the worlds computers are written in English. H, 500,000 all the words that are in Oxfords dictionary list. B What is meant by English as first language, second language, foreign language and “many Englishes”? Define the terms. First language: the language used as a native language or as mother tongue. Second language: English for people who have another mother tongue. Foreign language: English to help people to communicate with other people. Many englishes: English that are spoken in example Australia is different from English in America. Discuss C Arrange the following countries according to the kind of English (first, second or foreign language) that is spoken in the country. Use an encyclopedia or a CD-ROM to find the information you need: First language: South Africa, New Zealand, Canada Second language: Kenya, Uganda, The Philippines Foreign language: Denmark, Switzerland, Belgium In Australia English is speaking but it is not accepted as a the first language. D Listen to the following voices on the tape and decide which one is: 1: South African...
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...Comprehension 1. Tan is classifying how she uses different Englishes with her writings and with family. With her family, she usually uses “broken” English, and with her writing she uses “professional” English. 2. I believe that she introduces the categories in paragraphs 7 and 8. I believe she identified the categories at a right time because she begins by talking about her family and work, and then she introduces her categories. 3. Yes, Amy Tan goes into explaining the categories by sharing personal experiences. Amy does not treat both equally. I do not see it as a problem because there is no way to treat the Englishes equally when you use them in a different form. 4. Amy believes that her mother’s limited English is a problem in department stores, banks, and restaurants. 5. Her mother’s English has an effect on her life because of how broken it is she needs to pretend to be her at points, watch her mother be treated poorly, and go through several bad situations. 6. She says that math is precise and had a specific answer, as for in English was assigned several questions where she had to fill in the blank and get “bland combinations” as answers. No, I do not think her problems come from her family’s language skills. I believe that it’s pretty much an excuse that she is using, being an Asian American, and it all depends on the person to limit themselves to the English language or not. 7. She offers the explanations that Asian Americans might come from a “broken” English...
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...ESSAY Mother Tongue Don't judge a book by its cover or someone's intelligence by her English. By Amy Tan • Art by Gabe Leonard I am not a scholar of English or literature. I cannot give you much more than personal opinions on the English language and its variations in this country or others. I am a writer. And by that definition, I am someone who has always loved language. I am fascinated by language in daily life. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the way it can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And 1 use them all—all the Englishes 1 grew up with. Recently, I was made keenly aware of the different Englishes I do use. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I had already given to half a dozen other groups. The talk was about my writing, my life, and my book The Joy Luck Club, and it was going along well enough, until I remembered one major difference that made the whole talk sound wrong. My mother was in the room. And it was perhaps the first time she had heard me give a lengthy speech, using the kind of English I have never used with her. I was saying things like "the intersection of memory and imagination" and "There is an aspect of my Fiction that relates to thus-and-thus"—a speech filled with carefully wrought grammatical phrases, burdened, it suddenly seemed to me, with nominalized forms, past perfect tenses, conditional phrases, forms...
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...(with many more hearing family members and friends…using this.in their daily lives.” (The Deaf Society, 2015). Auslan differs from others by taking “full advantage of the use of space, with its own syntax (rules) and vocabulary and the ability to communicate a rich variety of concepts and subtle meanings.” (The Deaf Society, 2015). Diverse Language Australia reflects rich diversity containing “the firm belief that diversity is one of the country’s enduring strengths.” (ABS, 2010). Hence why teaching needs to accommodate to these different speakers of language, not just Standard Australian English speakers. There are many variations of Englishes spoken in Australia, including “Traditional Aboriginal Languages: Creoles (also called Pidgins), Kriol, Aboriginal English, Standard Australian English, Non-Standard Australian English, World Englishes Varieties of English, and lastly, Other community languages (e.g. Chinese…). (McCarthy, 2016). Aboriginal English An example of a diverse language, Aboriginal English, is made up of over “500,000 Aboriginal people and only 20 languages.” (McCarthy, 2016). A teacher must understand that Indigenous language is a variety of language, not “Bad Standard Australian English.” (McCarthy, 2016). Variations of language A variation of language occurs “when people learn a new language and pronounce it differently because it is not the first set of sounds they have learnt.” (McCarthy, 2016). An example of this would be the “adaptation known as...
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...МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ «ЛЬВІВСЬКА ПОЛІТЕХНІКА» Л.В.Бордюк ЖАНРИ НАУКОВОГО СТИЛЮ МЕТОДИЧНІ ВКАЗІВКИ до виконання практичних робіт для студентів спеціальностей 8(7).02030303 «Прикладна лінгвістика» Затверджено на засіданні кафедри прикладної лінгвістики Протокол № 7 від 20.02.2013 р. Львів – 2013 Жанри наукового стилю: Методичні вказівки до виконання практичних робіт для студентів спеціальностей 8(7).02030303 «Прикладна лінгвістика». /Укл.Л.В.Бордюк – Львів: Видавництво «Львівська політехніка», 2013. - 40 с. Укладач Бордюк Л.В., канд.філол.наук, доц. Відповідальний за випуск Левченко О.П., д-р філол.наук, проф. Рецензенти Маркелова С.П., канд.філол.наук, доц. Романишин Н.І., канд.філол.наук, доц. Процес здобуття університетської освіти містить навчальну та науково-дослідну складові...
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...home where English was a second language. Both authors write about their experiences growing up and learning English language. Each of them had a language that was spoken only within their home and one that was spoken outside of it, in public. They talk about their parents and the impact their ability to speak the language had on their lives. Even though Tan and Rodriguez shared a similar background their experiences were very different. In “Mother Tongue”, Tan recalled a time when she was giving a talk on one of her works; a talk that she had given before without a problem. Tan wrote, ”I remembered one major difference that made the whole talk sound wrong. My mother was in the room.” In that instance Tan became aware of the different “Englishes” she spoke. The English she was using was one that was taught to her. The one she called “Standard” English. She stated it was “all the forms of a Standard English that I had learned in school and through books, the forms of English I did not use at home with my mother” (Tan, 2011). Rodriguez, on the other hand, referred to English as a public language. In “Public and Private Language” he writes, “What I needed to learn in school was that I had the right – and the obligation – to speak the public language of los gringos” (Rodriguez, 2011). Coming from a Spanish-speaking home, Rodriguez faced the challenge of learning English in school. He termed English as a “public language” because he knew it was the language that was spoken everywhere...
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...The English Language in Singapore and Malaysia Vincent B. Y. Ooi (ed.) TIMES ACADEMIC PRESS First published 2001 by Times Academic Press An imprint of Times Media Private Limited (A member of the Times Publishing Group) Times Centre, I New Industrial Road Singapore 536196 tel: (65) 284 8844 fax: (65) 285 4871 email: te@tpl.com.sg Online Book Store: http://www.timesone.com.sg/te Contributors Introduction Vincent B Y Ooi 1. The Voices of English-knowing Bilinguals and the Emergence of New Epicentres Anne Pakir 2. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. Is English a First or Second Language in Singapore? Joseph Foley 3. Lectal Varieties of Malaysian English Elaine Morais 4. Ethnic Group Varieties of Singapore English: Melody or Harmony? Lisa Lim 5. Two Issues in the Study of Singapore English Phonology BaoZhiming 6. Tense and Aspect in Singapore English Lubna Alsagoff 7. Reduplication in Colloquial Singapore English Lim Choon Yeah and Lionel Wee 8. The Cultural Grounding of Singapore English Ho Chee Lick 9. IJumping on the Bangwagon': Issues in Student Writing Alan Maley National Library Board (Singapore) Cataloguing in Publication Data Evolving Identities: The English Language in Singapore and Malaysia I Vincent B.Y. Ooi (ed.). - Singapore: Times...
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...English 150 18 December 2014 Unconsciously, we all speak different languages; we categorize the way we speak by the environment and people at which we are speaking too. Whenever a character enters an unfamiliar environment, they experiment with language to find themselves and understand reality. For immigrants, language is a means to retain one’s identity; however, as they become more assimilated in their new communities their language no longer reflects that of their identity but of their new cultural surroundings. When an immigrant, immigrates to a new country they become marginalized, they’re alienated from common cultural practices, social ritual, and scripted behavior. It’s not without intercultural communication and negotiation do immigrants conform to new surroundings. In “Drown,” the title story of his narrative collection, Junot Diaz enumerates the story of a Hispanic youth growing up in New Jersey. Though Diaz explores issues of queerness, shamelessness, and familial relations within this selection, it is his use of language that proves most intriguing. Rather than simply describing the struggles of adapting to a new language or customs, Diaz portrays how, at an early age, he manipulated language as a tool to makes sense of his new hybrid identity. The use of language in Junot Diaz’s Drown is spare and unadorned, often rendered in "Spanglish," an unpredictable mixture of both English and Spanish. Diaz uses Spanish words in the midst of standard English sentences...
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