...Article Essential Layers, Artifacts, and Dependencies of Enterprise Architecture By Robert Winter and Ronny Fischer Abstract After a period where implementation speed was more important than integration, consistency and reduction of complexity, architectural considerations have become a key issue of information management in recent years again. Enterprise architecture is widely accepted as an essential mechanism for ensuring agility and consistency, compliance and efficiency. Although standards like TOGAF and FEAF have developed, however, there is no common agreement on which architecture layers, which artifact types and which dependencies constitute the essence of enterprise architecture. This paper contributes to the identification of essential elements of enterprise architecture by (1) specifying enterprise architecture as a hierarchical, multilevel system comprising aggregation hierarchies, architecture layers and views, (2) discussing enterprise architecture frameworks with regard to essential elements, (3) proposing interfacing requirements of enterprise architecture with other architecture models and (4) matching these findings with current enterprise architecture practice in several large companies. Keywords enterprise architecture, architectural components, architectural layers, architectural views, interfaces ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE: DEFINITION According to ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000, architecture is defined as the “ fundamental organization of a system, embodied in...
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...Trying to analyze the notion of leadership through a real example, we will now investigate the enterprise I work for and its Managing Director in particular, being a leader of the enterprise, but also a representative of the local authority. The enterprise in question is Aitoliki Development Enterprise, the company I work for since 2006, which was established in 1994 with the title “Development Company Apodotias – Ofionias SA (ANETAPO SA)” for the better use of natural resources of Mountainous Nafpaktia. Nowadays Aitoliki Development Enterprise S.A. represents 13 Organisations of Local Authorities, 2 Agricultural Cooperative Unions, 1 Commercial and Small Industrial Union of Nafpaktia, 1 Organization of Cooperatives of Νafpaktia, 1 Nautical Association, the Local Municipality and Community Association of Aetoloakarnania, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Prefecture of Aetoloakarnania, the Technical Chamber of Greece, 1 fishermen association, 1 association of people with special needs and the Local Association of Solid Waste Management. It represents Local Authorities in the prefectures of Aetoloakarnania, Fokida and Evrytania and is considered a transrregional company (Regions of Sterea and Western Greece). The company intends in the rational utilization of natural resources of Aetolia, through activities that contribute in the creation of initiatives, programs and collaborations and point out the comparative advantages of the region, giving answers to the following...
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...ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE Author: Institution: Date of Submission: Introduction During the early days of computing, the new technology simply automated the contemporary manual processes with increased efficiency. As the new technology continued to evolve, new innovations paved the way for introduction of new processes and capabilities that were largely driven by information technology. Over time, information technology altered the business environment though not necessarily in conformation with the conventional business strategies. The resulting lack of alignment precipitated unanticipated loss of resources and missed opportunities, thus placing most organizations in competitively disadvantaged positions within the market. In order to align the business strategies with organizational objectives, a new approach for managing Information technology has been established. This new concept is referred to as Enterprise Architecture. Enterprise architecture refers to ways or means of describing organizational structures and processes that link the individual business structures. It is the practice of applying a rigorous and comprehensive method for illustrating a current or outlook of a business’s information systems, processes, personnel, and the business sub-units so that they can be in conformity with the organization’s key objectives and strategic direction. This means that enterprise architecture is a strategic information asset base that...
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...I believe the one technology that could have the greatest impact on enterprise architecture in U.S. corporations by 2023 is cloud computing. As indicated on the hype cycle for emerging technologies in 2013, it currently is in the trough of disillusionment; however, I believe that cloud computing will bring about the most change to enterprise architecture by 2023. Cloud computing will have the ability to bring enterprise architecture a step forward and redefine the way businesses will support their architecture. As cloud computing evolves, as will enterprise architecture in the way that advanced concepts and practices will eventually be deemed as government requirements. By 2023, I anticipate that most, if not all, companies will be using a cloud platform where it will be used on multiple devices – this brings attention to EA as it will make it more challenging to standardized personal devices. BYOD will become a more relevant option with increased capabilities, like scalability and using software as a service through the cloud, impacting the way EA is integrated in an organization. The shift in enterprise architecture will also stem from the control needed from cloud computing. Currently, when companies move to cloud computing, they are essentially handing control over the design parameters of the enterprise. As a result, the role of the enterprise architect will become obsolete as the responsibilities were to build and maintain a stable model for the business. The...
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...Last Friday, I attended the Social Enterprise Symposium hosted by the REDACTED. At the symposium, I attended “Reinventing the Economy: Value Creation & Capital Markets” as well as another event titled “Three Business Models for Social Impact.” While the first event focused on generating capital to fund social enterprises, the latter centered on new business models that attempt to drive social change. At the first event, “Value Creation and Capital Markets,” speakers discussed how socially responsible companies can still use traditional methods of financing. In particular, they tried to push five major points. These points were external options of financing, internal options of financing, crowd funding, appropriate sources for capital, and new financial mechanisms. Of the five, external financing is by far the most traditional method of financing. It includes equity, banks/credit unions, friends/family, and social investors. Social investors can be particularly helpful because they are typically the most interested in your cause. Additionally, philanthropic grants can be used, but often not a reliable means of funding. Government funding is more reliable, but requires more extensive obligations. Internal options can be another source of funding. For example, a company can collect accounts receivable as quickly as possible by offering discounts for timely payment or interest for late payment. On the other hand, they can also delay making payments on accounts payable...
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...technology-supported self-organizing distributed teams. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communications, 50(3), 185-203. Crowston, K., Li, Q., Wei, K., Eseryel, U. Y., & Howison, J. (2007). Self-organization of teams in free/libre open source software development. Information and Software Technology Journal, Special Issue on Qualitative Software Engineering Research, 49(6), 564-575. Nicholson, S., Sierra, T., Eseryel, U. Y., Park, J., Barkow, P., Pozo, E., & Ward, J. (2006). How much of it is real? Analysis of paid placement in Web search engine results. Journal for the American Society of Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 57(4). 448-461. (SI factor: 2.1) Eseryel, U. Y., & Wolf, N. (Nov, 2005). Enterprise architecture as a context for ERP implementation. Journal of Enterprise Architecture, 1(2). 7-24. REFEREED BOOK CHAPTERS Eseryel, D., Eseryel, U. Y., & Edmonds, G. S. (2005). Knowledge management and knowledge management...
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...18, 2014 Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise System Article Summary Jason Simonds Enterprise systems can be an effective tool for a business; they can enable a company to integrate data puled from several different functions in an organization and allow for more efficient communication between separate systems. Business enterprises can connect shipping to sales and sales to accounting and accounting to finance all under one digital roof. The article Putting the Enterprise into the Enterprise System elaborates on the benefits such systems can have on a company, but highlights some of the problems a poorly fitting system can cause and how these problems can be avoided. While enterprise systems can greatly help a business, a poorly designed system can be costly and timely to fix. A company with multiple departments and different functions can have hundreds of different tasks that are maintained in a system. Between shipping, receiving, design, accounting, etc. each function has a separate design and multiple tasks to complete. These tasks and designs are often performed on separate systems within an organization. The shipping department may have a program designed for commercial shipping which may not integrate with the accounting software used by the accounting department or the inventory software kept within the warehouse. These “legacy” systems can often be tedious and expensive to work with and can slow a business down. Enterprise systems can fully integrate...
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...Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Enterprises By Name: Course Title: Professor: Institution: City and State: Date: Introduction A mobile enterprise is defined as an enterprise, a corporation or organization that uses cloud computing and mobile devices to support critical business applications to gain strategic advantage. In a mobile enterprise interaction between the employees and clients is not location dependent. The technology and processes applied in mobile enterprises enable employees to have full access to the organization resources off-site (Basel, 2007). Organizations with higher mobility are able to focus on their key competencies, through transformed business strategies and stimulus offered by mobility. To enable employees reap maximum benefits from mobility companies have formulated mobile strategies (Cerra, Easterwood, & Power, 2013). Both the enterprise and employees benefit when the new level of communication achieved, but also there are disadvantages that are borne by both the enterprise and employees. Employees are the main drivers when it comes to an organization moving to be mobile. This paper is set to examine the advantages and disadvantages of an organization moving to mobile enterprise by assessing how the employees and the employer are affected. Advantages of an organization moving into mobile enterprise solutions Business mobility community consists of a large and diverse range of users who can be classified into three...
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...The enterprise app store Evolution in IT strategy WWW.WIPRO.COM Author: Prasenjit Bhadra, Principal Architect – Wipro Mobility Solutions From consumers to the work place: An App-t evolution Apple created a revolution with its app store. Consumers loved it. Naturally, other players are rushing in to meet consumer expectations. Vendors like Amazon, Google and Microsoft have begun to offer similar stores that have a self-service model. With the widespread adoption of mobility within enterprise, many consumers now want to see the same convenience and ease of use at the workplace that the online app stores offer. Can an enterprise afford to ignore the demands of its employees? Which enterprises will need their own Enterprise App Stores (EAS) and how will these stores operate? where it is used with a well-defined distribution protocol. Additionally, Today’s enterprise users, volunteered in driving enterprise-wide environment. If mobile apps and processes change one day, they mobility initiatives, have begun to demand simplicity of app portfolio should be able to roll out the change across the enterprise the very management. To support this demand mobile EAS is the solution. An next day. In many instances, if they fail, the impact could be from loss EAS is a customized in-house platform or infrastructure that lets users of revenues to attracting compliance and legal censure. Mobility SLAs securely download apps and updates on their...
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...TOGAF is the open group architecture framework, the framework is itself a well-documented body of knowledge to comprise detailed message and set of supporting tools to developing enterprise architectures. TOGAF is developed and maintained by the members of the Open Group. The original Framework of TOGAF was developed in 1995 and successive version of TOGAF throughout the years have extended and improved this body of knowledge and tools. TOGAF helps by documenting and organizing the enterprise architecture, by using TOGAF organizations can develop architecture that is consistence and reflects the needs of stakeholders, employee’s best practice, and meets current and future organization requirements. TOGAF enterprise architecture is divided into four categories the Business Architecture, Application Architecture, Data Architecture, and Technical Architecture. Business Architecture is design to describe the layouts of which process does business uses to meet its goals. It addresses the need for Users, Planners, and Business Management. For Application Architecture TOGAF illustrates how specific applications are designed and how the applications interact with each other. Also addresses the kind of workforce will be associated with application related tasks such System and Software developers and engineers. The Data Storage Architecture is design to show that how data stores are developed and how they are accessed. It addresses the needs of Database Designers, Database Administrators...
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...Summary of Enterprise Architecture An Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a design or a conceptual blueprint of a business that defines the structure and operation of an organization. The purpose of an enterprise architecture is to depict the interrelationships of all components and the information flow. It shows how each component supports the objectives and strategies of an enterprise. To achieve an overall view and to depict all those components and information flow, it is necessary to apply some architecture principles and practices to guide organization through the business, information, process and technology changes. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identify, motivate and achieve these things. The business practice and perspective defines the processes and standards by which the business operates on a day-to-day basis. The information practice and perspective defines and classifies raw data that the organization requires to operate efficiently. Such raw data could be document files, databases, images, diagrams, presentations and spreadsheets among many more things. Another practice and perspective is the process that defines how the processes interact and what standards are used to do so. The last practice and perspective is to look at the technology that defines what kind of hardware, operating systems, programming and networking is used by the organization. By establishing a powerful enterprise architecture there are of purported advantages...
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...Enterprise System: Enterprise systems also known as enterprise resource planning (ERP) which is based on integrated software modules which has a common central database. Enterprise System software helps businesses to share data among multiple business function areas. Common examples of function areas are Sales, Accounting, Human Recourses, Inventory and all aspects of manufacturing. For Enterprise System to be effective it has to be implemented as a single application that can control all business processes in real time. Major Enterprise System software Vendors are SAP, Oracle and SSA Global. Enterprise System was initially built to control internal business processes but with technology advancement it is becoming more external oriented. Enterprise System, How does it work? In order to Enterprise System to work the business has to look into its current business processes. Than these processes are integrated into various Enterprise System software to get the desired results. Enterprise System works by collecting data from different departments and helps business to perform its functions effectively and efficiently. Enterprise System use one single software for different business processes that use one data source. Values of Enterprise System: There are numerous values provided by Enterprise System. The three most valuables values are: Integrated, Optimize and Informative. 1) Integrated Value: Enterprise System provides integrated value by connecting various...
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...Bachelor in Information Technology Program U10a2 Enterprise Architecture Proposal for Ralph’s Ribs For IT3200, Section 05 Rolando Rueda-de-Leon Submitted 9/17/2010 Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Analysis of the existing foundation for execution 4 Organization Chart 5 Definition of the Operating Model for Ralph’s Ribs 5 Business Process Standardization 6 Recommended Process Standardization 6 Comparison of Operating Model 6 Core Business Applications 7 Proposal for an Enterprise Architecture 11 IT Capability 12 Business Strategic Objectives 12 Funding Priorities 13 Key Management Capability 13 Business Core Applications 13 Key IT Governance Issues 14 Legal Implications 14 Summary of Ralph’s Ribs Architectural Stage 14 Proposed Enterprise Architecture 15 Changes in Business Process 15 Changes in Business Roles 16 Rationale for Changes 16 Changes in Organizational Structure 16 Changes in Business Partner Relationships 17 Setting Core Business Priorities 17 IT Engagement Model Recommendations 18 Companywide IT Governance 18 New Core Business Opportunities 21 Outsourcing Opportunities - Recommendations 21 Size and Scale Considerations 22 Growing the Organization - Recommendations 25 Summary of Enterprise Architecture Proposal for Ralph’s Ribs 29 References 31 Executive Summary In the restaurant business there are between five and seven different BBQ franchise restaurants...
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...The Contribution of Enterprise Systems An enterprise system is classified as a system of integrated application-software packages that use data storage and transmission to support the flow of information, reporting, and analytics in the company as well as in some cases it is used outside of the company by colleagues and clients. Enterprise systems manage the flow of information relevant to those within the company as well as those outside of the company that have permission to access certain information. If a company has multiple lines of products and information that is relevant to all products such as statistical data that needs to be shared with all people within the company, an enterprise system exists to enable the sharing of information. An enterprise system provides as single system central to the organization which ensures that the information can be shared across all management and functional levels Enterprise systems are also invaluable with elimination of problems with information fragmentation which can be caused by having multiple information systems in an organization. It does this by creating a standard data structure. Typical information systems are housed in data centers and would run enterprise software as well as include application such as; content management systems that would cross organizational borders. Enterprise systems provide value for increasing operational efficiency, as well as provide wide information to help managers make informed and effective...
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...1. Executive Summary of the Case This case study goes through the evolution of IT governance at Cisco and the related project management. This case is a classic example of the result of a decentralized governance of business units. What happened to CISCO due to the decentralized governance, how the business processes were modified to overcome the chaos created by the decentralized governance and how the employees and management reacted to this change in CISCO’s business governance? This case clearly illustrates the effect of a totally decentralized governance and how changing to a centralized governance leads to unrest and resistance. It also illustrates how the cultural/managerial change effects the business decisions needed to be made by a company to achieve success. Essentially, the case shows that IT governance must be aligned with business activities and tie all functions together to support the company’s strategy. 2. Problem Statement Will BPOC give a go-ahead for the proposal that the customer advocacy group was proposing? The proposal was to build a state-of-the-art customer interaction network that would centralize all incoming calls into a globally managed set of contact centers. Though this is a potentially valuable project, CISCO’s new centralized governance means that the customer advocacy group needs to get an approval from the BPOC. Will the BPOC realize the potential? Will it support the project and commit to a full cross-border and cross-functional implementation...
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