...Modes of entry into an International Business:- There are some basic decisions that the firm must take before foreign expansion like: which markets to enter, when to enter those markets, and on what scale. Which foreign markets? -The choice based on nation’s long run profit potential. -Look in detail at economic and political factors which influence foreign markets. -Long run benefits of doing business in a country depends on following factors: - Size of market (in terms of demographics) - The present wealth of consumer markets (purchasing power) - Nature of competition By considering such factors firm can rank countries in terms of their attractiveness and long-run profit. Timing of entry:- It is important to consider the timing of entry. Entry is early when an international business enters a foreign market before other foreign firms. And late when it enters after other international businesses. The advantage is when firms enters early in the foreign market commonly known as first-mover advantages First mover advantage;- 1. it’s the ability to prevent rivals and capture demand by establishing a strong brand name. 2. Ability to build sales volume in that country. so that they can drive them out of market. 3. Ability to create customer relationship. Disadvantage: 1.firm has to devote effort, time and expense to learning the rules of the country. 2.risk is high for business failure(probability increases if business enters a national market...
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...distance on entry mode choice: the moderating effect of language diversity Name: Rajae El Aiachi Student number: 10202773 Teacher: Dr Johan Lindeque MSc. In Business Administration – Theories of International Management Date: 27-09-2015 Abstract (50 Words) Previous studies have shown that the choice of entry mode depends on various types of aspects, containing also cultural distance between countries (Arora and Fosfuri, 2000). However, there is not a lot of consensus among these articles. A few articles mentioned the effect of language distance on entry mode choice. Keywords: Cultural distance, entry mode choice and language distance 1. Introduction In this time of globalization a lot of companies are expanding their international business activities in overseas market. The ways in which firms are expanding their business in overseas market differ per enterprise and country. The hierarchical model of market entry modes by Pan and Tse (2000) shows that there are different choices of entry modes. Entry modes can be seen as equity-based versus non-equity based. Within equity-based modes, there is a division between equity joint ventures and wholly owned operations. Within nonequity based modes, there is a division between export and contractual agreements. Prior research demonstrated that the choice of entry modes rely upon different types of components. Especially, a lot of previous studies focused on the effect of cultural distance on entry mode choices....
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...Selection of Market Entry Mode Naveed Hussain Malik (naveed.hm@gmail.com) 770325-3059 Masood Hussain Chudary(zindagi03@hotmail.com) 801014-5855 Supervisor: Eva Wittbom Masters Degree Thesis in Business Administration School of Management Sciences Date of submission Abstract Development in infrastructure limits the communication gap, speedy travel and low cost tariff barriers as well other drivers of globalization have made overseas markets easier to get small firms and gave more opportunities to SME´s internationalize. The market entry mode choice or selections have strong effect the success or failure of the company. For instance an insufficient or wrong entry mode selection can decrease opportunities and limit important choice for the firm and could lead to high financial loss as well as lose control on overseas market. The purpose of research study is to provide a deep and better understanding of the factors those effecting SME´s selection of market entry mode. Research question how can the influence of internal and external factors on the selection of market entry mode. A frame of reference led to the building of summary which in turn became the basis for data collection. Two qualitative case studies for Pakistani SME´s namely socks knitter Pakistan and RK International were undertaken. The main findings shows the clear link between the theories claim to be internal and external factors influencing market entry mode choice between...
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...article is to discuss on the effective modes of entry for businesses that is planning to venture into international market. The entry modes methods discussed are aimed to help businesses to formulate an effective international business strategy and to position themselves to be successfully established in the global market. The central theory introduced in this article is developed based on a comprehensive framework of the entry modes choices. These modes of choices would determine the success factor of the international business strategy, and to choose these choices there are several important factors to be considered. These factors include situational firm factors, foreign environment review, and moderating factors that would directly influence the firm’s desired mode of choice. Referring to Appendix A is the mode choice of framework by Driscoll that depicts the whole concept discussed. To briefly illustrate, the firm would need to evaluate the two situational factors that would directly affect its desired level of different modes of characteristics. Subsequent from the selected desired modes, the firm would also need to determine the potential moderating influences, which would affect the desired mode. Thus, reassessment based on the moderators would take place to determine the most effective modes of entry. By selecting the right mode of entry, the firm would incorporate an effective business strategy for its international business plans. The article written by Driscoll...
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...ISBN 1947-833X Proceedings of 1st Global Business Summit Conference (GBSC 2009), Kelantan, Malaysia University of Technology Mara Malaysia, Shah Alam, 15-17 June 2009, Volume 2, pp. 128-137 Entry Mode Strategies of Malaysian Service Firms: A Resource-Based Approach Mohammadreza Asgari*, Mohd Nazari Ismail**, Syed Zamberi Ahmad*** Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur ABSTRACT The rapid progress in services has attracted scholars to study the behaviour and decisions of service firms. Firms from Malaysia, as a developing country, with a fast growing economy that increasingly relies on services have shown a remarkable expansion into foreign markets, which has resulted in high foreign direct investment (FDI) outward inflows and increasing exports of services. This paper utilizes the resource-based theory, in which the main determinants of the choice of entry mode are organizational variables compared to environmental factors, to explain the choice of entry strategies made by Malaysian service firms and the motives for it. This study aims to develop a framework for the choice of entry mode strategies that has fewer shortages than others, analyze the determinants of entry mode strategy in order to find the similarities and differences existing between firms in the decision-making process for the choice of entry mode, and consider the role of psychic distance in adopting an appropriate strategy in different markets. Suggestions for future research...
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...EFFECTS ON ENTRY MODE DECISIONS OF MULTINATIONAL MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IDENTIFYING ISSUES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF COUNTRY CONDITIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON ENTRY MODE ALEX KOUZNETSOV, Melbourne Institute of Technology ASHELEY JONES, Melbourne Institute of Technology This study examines entry modes employed by foreign multinational manufacturing enterprises (MMEs) when entering Russia. This exploratory study focuses on country-specific conditions associated with the chosen entry mode - an important component in the consideration of overall entry strategy. Information from field studies representing 18 manufacturers – 10 directly manufacturing in Russia and 8 selling their products in Russia via representative/sales offices – was obtained by means of personal interviews with senior management in Moscow and constituted the primary qualitative data. Research questions are posed for further examination of conditions in Russia and the effects of such conditions on the entry mode decisions of MMEs. The study finds economic conditions to be the only important determinant of entry modes for large multinational manufacturing companies investing in Russia with other country factors playing no role in their choices. INTRODUCTION With the expansion of global business activity, the ability to analyze the key characteristics of potential host countries becomes increasingly important. The key to successful international market entry is an understanding...
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...International Review of Business Research Papers Vol.3 No.1. March 2007, Pp.183 - 196 Entry Modes For International Markets: Case Study Of Huawei, A Chinese Technology Enterprise Donglin Wu* and Fang Zhao** This case study analyses and discusses the internationalization process of Huawei, a leading telecommunication equipment manufacturer in China. Our research aims to explore the special features of the internationalization of Chinese hi-tech firms through a case study and to identify the factors that affect Chinese hi-tech firms’ international entry mode decision. In this paper, several foreign market entry modes were discussed. Issues of why and how to take into account the factors of industrial characteristics, environmental factors, firm factors, and moderators for internationalization and how to employ different entry modes in different host markets are discussed and illustrated based on this case study. It is found that industrial characteristics and home country’s technological reputation affect to a great extent the internationalization path of the hi-tech firm studied. The research also shows that in terms of hi-tech enterprises’ internationalization, the factors such as international experience and firm size are not as important to traditional manufacturers as to hi-tech enterprises. Field of Research: Management 1. Introduction After two decades’ development, many Chinese technology enterprises stride their first step in internationalization. Among them...
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...Norges Handelshøyskole Bergen, Spring 2011 Master Thesis within the main profile of International Business Thesis Advisor: Professor Svein Ulset Title: International Modes of Entry Subtitle: The Case of Disney By, Carlos Gonzalez Hernandez This thesis was written as a part of the master program at NHH. Neither the institution, the supervisor, nor the censors are -through the approval of this thesis- responsible for neither the theories and methods used, nor results and conclusions drawn in this work. International Modes of Entry: The Case of Disney 1 Abstract The case of Disney’s theme parks represents an opportunity to test major internationalisation theories in a setting of large investments with little chance for reversal of commitments. The purpose of the research is to study the benefit of different entry modes dependent on Disney’s Theme Parks value-generating resources and capabilities while conditioned to certain local industrial and institutional conditions in foreign markets. Five major theories and frameworks were used to analyze all four Disney’s ventures abroad. This resulted in 20 individual hypotheses analyzed. Results indicate that Disney followed a predictable internationalisation process in the cases of Tokyo, Hong Kong and Shanghai, but that it went off-path in the Paris one. In successful cases Disney followed a cautious approach, involving local partners to transfer and adapt the “Disney Experience”. In the case of Paris the company decided to enter...
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...Market Entry Mode Strategies – A study of Bangladesh Mobile Telecommunication Market for Foreign Companies Authors: Debashish Barua Examiner: Prof. Anders Pehrsson Marketing, Master Programme Tutor: Prof. Mosad Zineldin Mahmudur Rahman Chowdhury Subject: Master Thesis, 4FE02E Marketing, Master Programme Level and Semester: Master, Spring, 2014 i Acknowledgement We express our gratitude to those people who helped us a lot in conducting the research work successfully. Their cooperation helped us to write a good thesis paper. We are grateful to our tutor Prof. Mosad Zineldin and examiner Prof. Anders Pehrsson who have provided valuable critiques, encouraged and guided us to write the thesis paper in right direction. Moreover, we would like to thank the three mobile telecom companies which have provided valuable information in conducting the research work. Finally, we would like to thank to our family members and friends for their motivational support throughout the study. Linnaeus University, Växjö School of Business and Economics June 2014 Debashish Barua Mahmudur Rahman Chowdhury ii Abstract Title: Market Entry Mode Strategies – A study of Bangladesh Mobile Telecommunication Market for Foreign Companies. Background: Now-a-days, the forces of globalization derive firms to go to international market. When a firm thinks to expand its business outside of the home market, it needs to explore the form of operation through which it will enter into the foreign market. International...
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...JBR Paper June 27, 1999 DIVERSIFICATION AND MARKET ENTRY CHOICES IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Ram Mudambi University of Reading and Case Western Reserve University Susan McDowell Mudambi John Carroll University Address for correspondence: Dr. Susan McDowell Mudambi Department of Management, Marketing and Logistics Boler School of Business John Carroll University University Heights OH 44118 Phone: FAX: Email: (216) 397-3094 (216) 397-1728 smudambi@jcu.edu DIVERSIFICATION AND MARKET ENTRY CHOICES IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT Abstract Multinational enterprises consider many factors when making decisions in the context of foreign direct investment (FDI). In deciding what to produce, the multinational enterprise (MNE) must decide whether to diversify or to concentration on its main line of business. This paper offers insights into influences on this choice, and identifies a number of conditions under which diversification is more likely to be chosen. Factors affecting the foreign entry mode decision are also analyzed. The international business literature has generally treated these strategic choices as independent. This paper introduces a more realistic selection model, in which the diversification choice and the entry mode choice are made sequentially and are therefore related. The model is tested using a data set of FDI into the United Kingdom by MNEs in engineering and related industries. The analysis indicates a strong relationship...
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...Professor Department of International Business University Of Dhaka. Subject: Submission of the report on Modes of Entry into Foreign Markets. Sir, It’s been pleasure for me to submit my report on “Modes of Entry into Foreign Market”. This report contains the structure and material as instructed by you. I have tried hard to do my best and fulfill your expectation. The assigned work and the information gathering process involved with it gave me access to the areas, which I didn’t know before. However it is needless to say that, there may be some mistake in my organization, presentation and style. In completing the report I have tried my best in imparting ever available details of the, “Modes of Entry into Foreign Market” avoiding unnecessary amplification of the report. Thanking you, Yours faithfully Md.RazibulMatin ID. No: 801414091 EMBA Program Department of International Business University Of Dhaka. Table of Content SL NO. | TOPIC NAME | PAGE NO | | Letter of Transmittal | 1 | | Executive summary | 3-4 | Chapter-1 | Introduction | | 1.1 | Problem of Modes of Foreign Markets Entry | 5-6 | 1.2 | Rationale for Modes of Foreign Markets Entry | 6 | 1.3 | Scope and Objectives of the study | 6-7 | 1.4 | Methodology of the Study | 7 | 1.5 | Limitation of The Study | 7 | Chapter-2 | Literature Review | 8 | Chapter-3 | Modes of Entry into Foreign Market | | 3.1 | Market entry strategy | 9 | ...
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...A MODEL OF OPTIMAL INTERNATIONAL MARKET EXPANSION THE CASE OF US HOTEL CHAINS EXPANSION INTO CHINA E. Hachemi Aliouche, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Hospitality Management Whittemore School of Business and Economics UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA and Udo Schlentrich, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Hospitality Management Whittemore School of Business and Economics UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, USA ABSTRACT: Departing from the explanatory and descriptive approaches common in many of the academic studies of international expansion, this paper uses a managerial approach to develop and illustrate a process that can assist managers in the formulation of their international expansion strategies and plans. A comprehensive model of international expansion is outlined and applied to determine the optimal country to be targeted for entry by a US hotel firm and the optimal entry mode to be used. The model consists of three sections. Section One (macro assessment) identifies the major external macroenvironmental variables that determine the risks and opportunities of international expansion: market size, market growth and purchasing power; political, economic, legal and regulatory risks; and cultural and geographic distances. Through macro assessment, countries with the optimal risk/opportunity profiles are identified and ranked. Section Two (micro assessment) is applied to the optimal countries identified in Section One to estimate the potential profitability and financial value created (as...
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...International business or Global marketing is growing at a fast rate and there are more than 180 nations-sates in the world with different market and profitable potential. However for an organization to earn sufficient income in the global market it needs to know the right time and form of market entry mode whilst entering International market (Hill, 2003). Therefore this essay will focus and assess the need for an organisation to use a range of modes of entry while entering the international market. In due course it will give an overview on International marketing literature review, views on variety of entry modes, entry selection criteria, examples based on cased studies and conclusion. General Understanding of International marketing refers to marketing of goods and services from one country to another. Producing and marketing of products in more than one country is also termed as international or multinational marketing. But according to Mc Auley (2001) International marketing can be defined quite simply as “the performance of business activities that direct the flow of a company’s goods and services to consumers or users in more than one nation for a profit” much similar to domestic marketing. However Kahler (1983) argues and identifies that “International marketing differs from domestic marketing for one basic reason: it involves doing business with individuals, firms, organizations, and/or government entities in other countries”. The author further argues that the difference...
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...learning and innovation in international markets…………………………………………………………………….3 2.1 Literature review of a well managed organization with culture of learning and innovation in international markets………………………………..……………………………3 2.2 Examining Wal-Mart’s characteristics to the extent of learning culture and innovation …………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 3. Critical review internationalization theories and the case of Wal-Mart from 1994 onwards……………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 3.1 Theories of internationalization…………………..……………………….……………………...7 3.2 Wal-Mart’s internationalization strategies from 1994 onwards……………..……9 4. Wal-Mart entry Brazilian and Japanese market……………………………………………….10 4.1 Considerable issues of the company………………………………………………………… 11 4.2 Opportunity in those markets……………………………………………………………………13 5. Wal-Mart’s entry modes in international markets - Examining with Brazilian and Japanese markets…………………………………….…………………………………………… ….13 5.1 Mode of entry to Brazil ………………….…..……………………………………………………..13 5.2 Mode of entry to Japan……………………………………………………………………………….14 6. Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………15 7. References………………………………………………………………………………………………………….15 8. Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………………………16 1. 12C framework with Brazilian and Japanese markets………………………………………16 2. Factor effecting the foreign market entry mode decision…………………………………19 ...
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...* What is Vietnam doing in Burundi? Abstract Viettel is a mobile provider from Vietnam, is operating in more than one country in Africa and has a 95 percent market share in Burundi. In this paper I will review different effects of globalization. With globalization I mean the international integration of markets in goods, services and capital. Further, I will outline the different choices of market entries. Finally, I will develop a conceptual framework which could be used to analyse the strategic move of Viettel to operate in Burundi. Introduction In summer 2013, I visited Burundi for two weeks with a group of young people. We had raised a charity fund and were now operating and realizing our targets. One thing I noticed when I was there, were the many advertisements for Viettel (a provider of a mobile network) and the large amount of people who have got a mobile phone or smartphone. And this was impressive, because it is one of the poorest countries in the world. So I have been looking for the provider Viettel, which was the dominant provider there and found a recent news article with the following title: “Vietnam's Viettel Wins Mobile Operator License in Burundi” (Davis, 2014). It says that the Vietnam’s military owned mobile network operator Viettel has won a mobile operator licence in the African country of Burundi according to local news reports. It states that a holding company, Viettel Burundi will own 95% of the mobile network. On the occasion of this news,...
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