...Marine Mammal Conservation Sharon Herzog COM/172-Elements of University Composition and Communications II July 28, 2013 Timothy Toole Marine Mammal Conservation There are 29 marine mammals on the endangered and threatened list produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The US Fisheries and Wildlife foundation also have a list that includes certain seals, sea otters, and polar bears. There are many threats to marine mammals. These threats include dangers posed by humans and the environment. There are laws in place to help protect marine mammals from further dangers. Captivity has brought forth much controversy as to dangers it may pose to marine mammals. Marine mammal habitat conservation may be the only answer to protecting marine mammal life. There are five characteristic that an animal must possess to be classified as a mammal. These characteristics include being warm-blooded, having hair or fur, having the ability to breathe air through lungs, the ability to bear live young, and the ability to nurse their young with milk produced by mammary glands (The Marine Mammal Center, 2013). Marine mammals also have a thick layer of fat called blubber that they rely on to keep them warm in the water. They have the ability to store up extra oxygen to aid them in staying under water for extended periods of time. Marine mammals spend a lot of time swimming, their bodies are streamlined to help them swim faster. One of the...
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...Park Ronald Thompson University of Phoenix In Senegal, the Niokolo-Koba National Park is the largest and oldest national park (Giant Eland Conservation, 2010). The park has around 200 meters of flat regions with lines of hills, where the remainder of the park is full of low plateaus. There are many languages that are spoken within the park. They are: Spanish, French, Russian, English, and Arabic. The Niokolo-Koba National Park was put on the World Heritage Danger List in 2007. The park is located in the western region of Africa near the Guinea-Bissau border in South Eastern Senegal (Absolute Astronomy 2010). It best known for its wildlife and it contains the most important natural habitat for biological diversity, including threatened species. Senegal is home to “2,500 different types of species and the Niokolo-Koba contain 1,500 of them” (Giant Eland Conservation, 2010). Currently 120 different species families occupy the park as well. The park is home to “80 different species of mammals, 330 birds, 38 reptiles, 20 amphibians, 60 different types of fish” (Giant Eland Conservation, 2010). The vegetation plays a strong role in this park as well. There are four types of soils that are found in the park in various locations. The soils include “tropical red soil, ferrolateritic crusts, alluvial, and hydromorphic” (Giant Eland Conservation, 2010). The vegetation in the park comes in many forms. The park includes grass, woody savannas, bushes, and many trees. A long list of animals...
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...Biodiversity at all levels is being lost to human impact, irretrievably when species become extinct. Once vanished, a species can never return. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Global Species Program along with the Species Survival Commission (SSC) and partners, such as the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA), assess the status of species on a global scale for the IUCN Red List in an effort to underline possible extinction, thereby encourage their conservation (IUCN, 2014). All assessments or reassessments for publication on the IUCN Red List must use categories, such as Endangered (EN) and criteria (e.g., Continuing decline in EOO, AOO, habitat, locations or subpopulations, or mature individuals and/or Extreme fluctuation in EOO, AOO, locations or subpopulations, or mature individuals) as adopted by the IUCN Council (IUCN, 2014). In 2012, the Atrichornis clamosus (also known as Noisy Scrub-bird, Western Scrubird) was uplisted to Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In questioning why, large lighting-induced fires and other small-scale unexplained events further declined population size and habitat quality on the south coast of Western Australia . However, these species have a chance to recover overtime. The conservation actions include, but are not limited to, long-term monitoring of the species’ recovery, improved fire protection management and the search for potential translocation sites...
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...controversial one, as listing the owl under the ESA would prevent much of the Northwest forests from being used by the timber industry. Agencies such as the Forest Service and BLM struggled to accommodate both the owl and those dependent on timber production, having to adjust policy plans “to satisfy the criteria of the NFMA and NEPA” (Layzer 2012, 190). The conflicts that arose between science and policy revealed a marked contrast in values: those in management and government largely prioritized jobs and the timber economy over conservation. The environmental laws and regulations would allow for the NWFP to be developed, creating stricter guidelines on how forests should be managed for the sake of conserving...
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...The Shoshone National Forestry The Shoshone National Forest has resources that influence forest health, the economy, and society. There are many benefits and risk of extracting non-renewable and renewable energy resources from the Shoshone National Forest ecosystem including, fire, wind, diseases, damage to vegetation, corrosion of structural materials and negative health effects on wildlife and human occupancy. As with all National Forests in the U.S. the practice of conservation of resources, ensure a sustainable flow of raw materials and maintain the diversity of plant and animal species on the National Forest System lands. Renewable The benefits of extracting renewable energy sources and alternative resources such as biomass, wood and other plant material, along with the lease options of the Shoshone National forest provide viable solutions that allow for the creation of cleaner energy resource, and wilderness designated zoning areas that enhance land protection and prohibit alterations by man to the ecosystem. Less than 10% percent of the total area is utilized for the land lease. The majority of the forest has been reserved for wildlife, plants, animals and the protection of the habitat. The Shoshone National Forest has about 1,300 documented species of plants. Lower elevations often have brush and grass dominated by vegetation while, other forest areas are dominated by various combinations of species (The HRO Case Studies Series, 2006). Non- Renewable The risk...
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...Atlantic forests has the Remaining populations highly fragmented. Threats to the population include illegal logging, poaching, mining, infrastructure development and urbanization. They were first listed as endangered in 1982, moving up to critically endangered in 1996, then back to endangered by 2003. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) who are dedicated to finding solutions to our most environment and development challenges; warns that extreme deforistization is causing habitat fragmentation. This is leaving no chances of expansion for the population therefore if something is not done this will lead to the extinction of the species. The IUCN’s has a mission to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the biodiversity and integrity of nature and, to make sure that the natural resources of the world are equitable and ecologically sustained. One of the solutions to the problem would be to support the Guaraquecaba Climate Action Project - Reforestation and Forest Enhancement. The Sociedada de Pesquisa em Vida Selvagem e Educaao Ambient (SPVS), is a Brazilian conservation organization with an investment of 5.4 million dollars in this project. In a period of five years the EMBRPAPA and SPVS will plant approximately 500,000 trees. This project is attempting to recover degraded areas, and forests in the Atlantic Forest. Forest restoration will help to reinstate forest covered areas that have been devastated...
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...Soil and Water conservation H. H. Bennett once said, “Soil conservation is probably the youngest of all the agricultural sciences.†Its newness doesn’t make it any less important, especially in small towns where people rely heavily on soil and water conservation to grow crops to feed their families and people around the world. In 2000, slightly more than one-half of the nation’s population lived in jurisdictions cities, towns, boroughs, villages and townships with fewer than 25,000 people or in rural areas, which makes it even more important to conserve soil and water in such areas, so we can have it for future generations and beyond. Small towns need soil conservation to survive because without it they will not be able to grow crops, and in turn people will have to leave thus is the end of a small town, because with no people there can be no town. Just like in the dust bowl were people couldn’t grow crops because of the poor soil conditions this could happen again if we are not careful of the land that we use to farm. Small towns also need water conservation because when you are living in a place like the panhandle of Texas water is scarce and relied upon for daily living. When water is used in this part of the world it should be conserved. Just as in the last couple of years we have had a severe drought causing our lakes and rivers, to deplete. Another reason for soil and water conservation is that you need small towns. In places as dry and as farmed as the panhandle...
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...plans for new and existing campaigns. 3. Report writing 4. Work with various sponsoring brands for effective and mutually beneficial joint initiatives. 5. Ensure continued funding for the various marketing campaigns and events. 6. Contribute as Event Manager for these events and campaigns. 7. Interact with the electronic and print media for coverage of these events and campaigns. 8. Ensure funding from the various events and campaigns. 9. Acquire funding from the corporate sector for the various conservation projects and events. 10. Coordination, Communication & Planning work in written and verbal, both external and internal for sourcing, marketing, sales, technical & market/product developmental teams as well. 11. To understand customer's exact needs, answer customer's queries. Eligibility / Selection Criteria Education, Experience & Skills * A well-established personal commitment to nature conservation; * Bachelors/Masters Degree in Marketing, no experience require * Analytical and Problem-Solving skills and Results Orientation; * Good interpersonal and computer skills specially Microsoft Excel; * Good English Language Reading, writing & speaking; * Knowledge of accounting software will be an advantage (preferably Sage ERP ACCPAC 500); * Relevant Experience will be an advantage however not mandatory. * Sensitivity to gender and other current social issues in countries such as Pakistan; ...
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..."Conservation biology - The science concerned with preserving biodiversity Threatened species - Species that are at risk for extinction; various threat levels have been identified ranging from "least concern" to "extinct." Keystone species - A species that impacts its community more than its mere abundance would predict Single-species approach - A conservation strategy that focuses on protecting on particular species Flagship species - The focus of public awareness campaigns aimed at generating interest in conservation in general; usually an interesting or charismatic species, such as the giant panda or tiger. Ecosystem approach - A conservation strategy that focuses on protecting the ecosystem as a whole in effect to protect the species that live there. Ecosystem restoration - The repair of natural habitats back to (or close to) their original state. Remediation - Restoration that focuses on the cleanup of pollution in a natural area. Indicator species - The species that are particular vulnerable to ecosystem perturbations, and that, when we monitor them, can give us advanced warning of a problem. Landscape conservation - An ecosystem conservation strategy that specifically identifies a suit of species, chosen because they use all the vital areas within an ecosystem; meeting the needs of these species will keep the ecosystem fully functional, thus meeting the needs of all species that live there. Conservation genetics - Scientific field that relies on...
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...The areas of environmental concern are as follows; hazardous waste and materials, high levels of noise, endangered species, archeological sites, and pollution. There is also the limited access highway, hills wetlands, several winding streams, and one large river. The unit leaders should discuss the environmental risks in training meetings, as well as with their soldiers ensuring that all soldiers understand the environmental concerns, the mission- related environmental risk, the potential of environmental factors on the mission and operations, as well as the unit SOP. There should also be a spill contingency plan; all soldiers should follow the units sop regarding Hazardous waste and materials. The unit must identify points of collection and turn in for Hazardous waste and hazardous materials; the unit is responsible for keeping a cleanup report, as well as any documentation regarding hazardous spills. The unit is responsible for reporting any unexploded ordnance, unit must also remove any expended brass, communications wire, concertina, booby traps, and propellant chars from training sites. Unit should also conduct police call to ensure all trash and any other harmful objects are removed from the site to protect all species, and other environmental elements from pollution. The unit must provide a current Hazardous material inventory and a material safety data sheet for every hazardous material in the unit. Unit leaders should outline the locations of surface water as well...
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...Discuss one management practice for sustainability and conservation of natural resources in that ecosystem The protection of marine species and ecosystems in oceans and seas worldwide is marine conservation. Marine conservation involves the protection and restoration of species, populations and habitats while mitigating human activities such as overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, whaling and other issues that affect marine life and habitats. The goal of marine conservation is accomplished by enforcing and creating laws, such as the Endangered Species Act and Marine Mammal Protection Act. It is also done by establishing marine protected areas, studying populations through conducting stock assessments and mitigating human activities with the goal of restoring populations. A recent practice that has become popular in marine conservation is the use of Marine Conservation Agreements (MCAs). Through recent years of research, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have realized that the creation of formal protected areas may not be adequate enough to protect ocean and coastal biodiversity, particularly in areas where rights have already been contracted to specific owners and users. In order to address this, NGOs have increased their usage of MCAs to complement other marine and coastal protection efforts. Marine Conservation Agreements consist of any formal or informal understanding in which one or more parties commit to delivering explicit economic incentives in exchange...
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...Energy Resource Plan SCI. 275 February 2011 Energy Resource Plan Energy conservation, the process of lessening or stopping the amount of usage one previously indulged in to ensure future use. People consume non-renewable energy at a fast pace. A tremendous amount is wasted unnecessarily. Wasting energy is an issue of serious concern to humans and the environment. Both are affected by the excessive energy use and have a dependency on energy resources. Some cultures use a bare minimum of energy to function. The Amish culture does not allow any use of electricity in accordance to their spiritual beliefs. The practices of the Amish are considered too extreme for normal society and their habits. However, this culture has flourished for hundreds of years. Society has developed a serious dependency to using electricity, natural gas, coal, and fossil fuels, or non-renewable fuels. These amenities are no longer luxuries; they are an essential part of daily life for the multitude of humankind. Unfortunately, these natural resources are vastly depleting and cannot be replenished. This is why it is necessary to conserve resources for future generations. Many people do not fully understand the differences between renewable and non-renewable energy resources and why it is so crucial to conserve. Non-renewable resources are unable to rejuvenate themselves. They do not grow or reform. Once they are depleted, there will be none thereafter. Renewable energy sources are: solar power...
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...1. Introduction The Hariyo Ban program is an ambitious program designed to benefit nature and people in Nepal. It was started with the vision of reducing adverse impacts of climate change and threats to biodiversity, by restoring and conserving forests while improving livelihoods, and building resilience to climate change in both people and ecosystems in 2011. It works on three core interwoven components – biodiversity conservation, sustainable landscapes and climate adaptation – with livelihoods, gender and social inclusion being important crosscutting themes. Hariyo Ban is a USAID-funded consortium of four core partner organizations – World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), Federation of Community Forestry Users, Nepal (FECOFUN) and the National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) – with WWF serving as the managing partner. The program finds its inspiration from the popular saying ‘Hariyo Ban Nepal Ko Dhan’ (Healthy green forests are the wealth of Nepal) which emphasizes the links between people and forests that underpins the project’s approach (Sundar Safalta, part 1). CHAL covers the 32057 square km area from Terai 200 m to Himal 8091 m above to see level in central Nepal. The landscape includes all or part of 19 districts and is drained by six major perennial rivers and their tributaries of the broader Gandaki River System. In this region varity of climates (hot in terai to cold in Himalaya) can be found. More than 35 percent...
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...310 Consumer Behaviors Professor John Vann Introduction to Water Conservation Today, 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by water. Only 2% of that water is fresh. Of that 2%, 1.6% of fresh water is trapped in the glaciers, leaving only .4% available for the 7 billion people living on this planet. Since the beginning of time, humans have been dealing with limited resources, water being one of them, and have learned how to use them wisely (Saving the Water, 2015). Water is an extremely scarce resource. With the population growing and water supply remaining stagnant, it is clear that something needs to be done. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the term water conservation refers to the preservation, control and development of water resources, both surface and groundwater, and prevention of pollution (Glossary of Statistical Terms, 2001). Today, people have been taking the world’s limited water supply for granted which has led to the depletion of conserving it. Water conservation is an important concept that is being stressed upon younger generations. In order to show the importance of saving water, it is imperative that the youth are educated on behavioral practices that support water conservation. These behaviors involve changing current habits connected to water usage to promote efficiency. Behavioral change is inconvenient for many which is why water conservation has been at a standstill. Most people do not want to change their daily...
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...Practical Difficulties of Enforcement of Legislation of Conservation of Species Legislation for the conservation of species is notoriously difficult to enforce for several reasons. Long lists of species are of relatively little use if few people can recognise the species concerned. The negative listing approach may help considerably in this respect, as public and enforcement personnel have only to be able to recognise a relatively small number of authorized species, as has the 'small bunch' rule for plants. An element of intention is often required in order for an offence to have been committed, yet this may be extremely difficult to prove and it is more usual for good faith to be presumed. In this context, the hunting proficiency test is particularly valuable. Hunters who have passed the test have learned about protected species and would therefore have greater difficulty in pleading ignorance of the specimens they may have taken or damaged unlawfully. Reversing the burden of proof can contribute significantly to effective enforcement. The effect of such a reversal is that possession of a specimen of a given species is deemed to be unlawful, unless the possessor can prove otherwise. For example, under the Customs Code in France, the possessor of CITES specimens must be able to prove that these have been lawfully obtained. However, great care must be taken if an offence is deemed to be one of strict criminal liability, as there may be a serious risk of injustice incompatible...
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