...vigilant monitoring and evaluation of a firm’s external and internal environments for detecting early signs of opportunities and threats that may influence current and future plans. In strategic planning, an environmental scan can help an organization increase understanding of the internal and external environmental factors that will require reaching the long term goals of the company. Pepsi and Coca-Cola serve as prime examples of major competitors in the beverage industry and strive to be different although each company produces a similar product. With the popularity of these corporations at the zenith of existence, each needs to develop and maintain a competitive advantage that will yield results to their favor. For the purpose of gaining a competitive advantage measurement guidelines will need to be implemented to cultivate effective strategic planning and measure the effectiveness of each plan. The intention of this paper is to research and describe the internal and external to reach a company in order to describe the internal and external environments of each and develop an understanding of how each company uses environmental scanning. Furthermore, a discovery of competitive advantages will be uncovered by examining strategies, such as creation of value and sustain, measurement guidelines, and the effectiveness of the measurement guidelines used by each company Internal and External Environments The whole process can be seeing as beneficial knowledge for...
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...movement due to government policies like, environmental legislation which targeted at constraining environmentally damaging business activities During 1970s, all corporations particularly in U.S. formed a united body against environmentalism, putting their competitive rivalry aside. Strategies adopted by corporations against environmentalism: Corporations advertised their views against environmentalism, through telephones, letter writing campaign and through using media, for those activities corporations took advice from professionals and spent huge money for campaigning Throughout 1970s and 1980s new environmental legislation was legally postponed by the activities of corporation, but at the end of 1980s public concern about environment rose due to local pollution events such as pollution of Sydney beaches by sewage and scientific discovery of Ozone depletion, these all events made regulatory agencies very tougher, so government enacted new environmental laws and regulations During 1990s, corporations formed front groups for manipulating public opinion, lobbying politicians and thereby convincing politicians to oppose environmental reforms Corporations followed strategic counseling to change public and government perceptions of environmental problems and thereby encountering environmentalists Firm groups helped corporations by marginalizing, alienating environmentalists who were refused donations and job offers and moreover these groups labeled environmentalists as terrorists...
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...not good enough? The present generation, people are more consider protect the environment and Enterprise also pay attention to protect the environment, and many people recognized that environment problem occurred by business. Gradually, enterprises make decision for sustaining and developing. Therefore, some of multinational companies such as NIKE and Interface have committed The Natural Step (TNS) and Natural Capitalism (NC) but people still complain to the company. The Natural step and Natural capitalism have advantage and disadvantage. According to Goran, Holmberg and Robert (2000) indicated that TNS framework is environmental problem is possible to solve based on consensus and system thinking (Goran,Holmberg, and Robert, 2000) it means that business adopt TNS based on systematical plan and benefit is long term plan and cover the whole part. However, it has disadvantage such as only consider future and focus on industrial cause of environmental damage and result come out after implement. For example, Nike adopted and committed TNS however, outcome came later. According to the Natural step organization (2011) referred that IKEA adopted TNS and number of changes affected their products and service and activities likes “Trash is Cash” affect reduced the environmental impact (The Natural Step Organization, 2011). Both Multinational companies conducted TNS and result impact to protect environment however, it seems likes too board and result come out late. According to Frank...
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...for all organisations to acknowledge the influence of their environments and, in turn, the impact of organisations on their context. We have argued that the commercial environment is characterised primarily by the growing trend toward globalisation. To a much greater extent than ever before we live in a global village where goods and services will be produced wherever they can be provided at the least cost. Consumers in the West in particular are getting used to the idea of products being available for almost unbelievably low prices. Business responses to the ‘green’ environment seem to be at something of a ‘tipping point’, with successive estimates of the severity of the problem seeming to indicate ‘sooner’ and ‘worse’. There are plenty of examples of enlightened behaviour but the degree of adjustment being achieved seems more akin to reducing the rate of acceleration than actually hitting the brakes. The ethical environment does seem to be developing, but the transition model that seems to apply to emerging economies would suggest that the export of western ‘norms’ will lag behind the growing industrialisation for the foreseeable future. None of the above is meant to sound in any way fatalistic. All three environments are changing, and human activity is the agent of change in every case. Organisations make choices, people make choices. Humanity has grown to the point where it can make major changes to its environment, it now needs to decide what those changes should...
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...What You Need To Know About “Going Green” By Daniel Masters and Larry Dutt Heald College How many of you, by show of hands, are familiar with the concept of total cost accounting? Total cost accounting is the idea that, even if money is saved by purchasing less expensive products and services, that difference in cost is typically paid in some non-monetary way. This concept is widely used in environmentalism to explain that, while conventional goods and services are less expensive than those that are eco-friendly, there are often unseen non-monetary costs associated with them. We have both been interested in managing our environmental impact for quite some time, and have found ways to overcome some of the challenges of going green in order to receive some of the benefits. Knowing the challenges of becoming environmentally friendly, in addition to the benefits, will help you make a better informed decision whether to “go green.” Environmental friendliness is, of course, not without its difficulties. If it were, we would almost certainly be living in an environmentalist utopia right now. You may even find it to be more expensive an investment than you are willing to make, but, as with any potential investment, it is important to know all of the facts before making a decision. Environmentalism is expensive, at least initially. In his April, 2009 presentation at a DFL Education Foundation event, environmentalist David Morris explains that, “If you buy green energy… it...
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...There is a growing environmental awareness amongst stakeholders, individuals and communities in Thailand. This increase in knowledge and awareness has been, by and large, the result of campaigns and education programmes run by major public interest groups concerned with the environment. These include non-governmental organizations (NGOs) at the international, regional and national levels, as well as groups concerned with the empowerment of marginalized sections of society, such as women, indigenous peoples, and youth groups, and other community based organizations. . Major public interest groups are increasingly contributing efforts towards sustainable development through participation, advocacy, demonstration projects, monitoring and research, as well as cooperation and networking with other NGOs and government departments. This chapter reviews the contributions made by such groups to the promotion of environmental knowledge, awareness and action in the region. Traditionally, community based organizations played an important role in the management of common property resources such as forests and fisheries in the Asian and Pacific Region. Although over successive years their role was reduced by governments in some countries, recent years have seen a re-emergence of community involvement and the development and growth of NGOs, youth, women and indigenous people’s groups and associations of farmers and businessmen. NGOs have, in particular, played an important role in raising...
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...number of years, the planet and its environment have strived to meet the demands of the increasing growth in populations, global warming, and altered habitats, which has produced a global impact on the sense of balance between nature and man. The struggles amongst the environment do not affect one group of individuals or living entity; the whole planets population is concerned by environmental troubles. Each living entity on the planet may affect the environment. In order for individuals to preserve the planet, assistant in resolving environmental problems, and attain sustainability of the planet as it grows, a person should know the fundamental principles of environmental science. Environmental science may be described as the study of human connections with the environment. It is the interdisciplinary subject that blends knowledge from several disciplines such as geography, biology, chemistry, physics, geology, economics, cultural anthropology, sociology (particularly demography, the study of populations), natural resource management, engineering, agriculture, law, ethics, and politics (Berg & Hager, 2009, p1.4). Science and Technology effect the Environment Science and technology affect environmental challenges and resolutions in today’s culture. Science and technology both support humanity by assisting in the advancement of new innovations for surviving, but likewise presents damaging and harmful consequences to the environment. Science and technology aided in creating...
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...Environment Science Environmental Science is a study of how different components of the environment transmit through physical and biological components. Environmental science covers various methods of studies in the fields of Ecology, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geology and Geography through the education of environmental systems. (Carson, 2002). Science and technology affects the issues in our society, for example, the experiment of human cloning has brought controversy and society became skeptic. Environmental awareness among the communities has grown in the past decade, when it became known that human actions were damaging to the atmosphere. The role of Science and Technological investigation in protecting the environment has also grown. Investigation established the situation of the environment to human well-being as well as the financial, societal, and artistic harm that can stalk from deprived environmental performs. Study has recommended habits to control harmful study without experiencing extreme costs. For instance, technical and manufacturing examination has delivered cost-effective habits to reduce the contamination in air and safety of a healthy aquatic life everywhere. There is no doubt that Science and Technology has recognized the areas, which are most valuable to the human civilizations and has assist to reserve natural ecologies. Several concerns of science and technological areas of which are important, where the research is going on in the field of environmental...
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...1. Why are markets themselves not able to respond effectively to environmental issues? Is public policy a more useful concept to understand how the commons is managed in our society? Why or why not? Markets are unable to respond effectively to environmental issues because they are unable to regulate or control the value of the environment and the elements it is made up of. The environment is not apart of the market transaction and market systems were not designed to take environmental costs into consideration. Public policy is a useful concept to understand how the commons is managed in our society because it allows individuals within the communities to effectively understand the various rules and regulations that are in order to protect and conserve our natural environment. Public policy places value upon what markets are unable to determine. 2. Which definition of public policy makes the most sense to you personally? What essential elements are there to your definition? How does public policy differ from business policy? The definition of public policy that makes the most sense to me is, "public policy is a specific course of action taken collectively by society or by a legitimate representative of society addressing a specific problem of public concern that reflects the interests of society or particular segments of society." To me, the definition that public policy is a representation of the interests of society makes the most sense to me because it further...
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...What Is Business Environment? Meaning: - The term Business Environment is composed of two words ‘Business’ and ‘Environment’. In simple terms, the state in which a person remains busy is known as Business. The word Business in its economic sense means human activities like production, extraction or purchase or sales of goods that are performed for earning profits. On the other hand, the word ‘Environment’ refers to the aspects of surroundings. Therefore, Business Environment may be defined as a set of conditions – Social, Legal, Economical, Political or Institutional that are uncontrollable in nature and affects the functioning of organization. Business Environment has two components: 1. Internal Environment 2. External Environment Internal Environment: It includes 5 Ms i.e. man, material, money, machinery and management, usually within the control of business. Business can make changes in these factors according to the change in the functioning of enterprise. External Environment: Those factors which are beyond the control of business enterprise are included in external environment. These factors are: Government and Legal factors, Geo-Physical Factors, Political Factors, Socio-Cultural Factors, Demo-Graphical factors etc. It is of two Types: 1. Micro/Operating Environment 2. Macro/General Environment Micro/Operating Environment: The environment which is close to business and affects its capacity to work is known as Micro or Operating Environment. It consists of Suppliers...
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...Purpose of External Environmental Analysis Organizations are affected by conditions in the environment Managers need to be aware of these conditions in order to – Take advantage of opportunities that can lead to higher profits – Reduce the impact of threats that can harm the organization’s future The external environment is made up of: 1. Macro environment 2. Industry environment 3. Competitive environment So if a company wants to analyse its external environment it must analyse the macro, industry and competitive environment. MACRO ENVIRONMENT: Influence the industry and firms inside it. These factors indirectly affect the organization but cannot be controlled by it. There are a number of common approaches how the external factors can be identified and examined. One approach could be the PESTEL analysis. PESTEL stands for political, economic, social, technological, the environmental and legal factor. The segmentation of the macro environment according to the six presented factors of the PESTEL analysis is the starting point of the global environmental analysis. Political factors • Taxation Policy • Trade regulations • Governmental stability • Unemployment Policy etc. Economical factors • Inflation rate • Growth in spending power • Rate of people in a pensionable age • Recession or Boom • Customer liquidations Socio-cultural • age distribution. • education levels. • income level. • consumerism. • diet & nutrition. • population...
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...Doing Better by the Environment Sustainable development INTRODUCTION Rio and after The latter part of the twentieth century saw an increasing concern for the environment. The concept of “sustainable development” (as defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987) is: By the early 1990s there was considerable pressure for governments to create agreements concerning the environment and its protection. The environment is a key subject that affects us all. Protection of the environment and the move towards sustainable development remains a responsibility that must be shared between the public, governments and the private sector. “development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” This case study examines the background to sustainable development, the environment and its protection. It also looks at how Nestlé S.A., the world’s leading food company, developed a policy and current business practices that reduce the company’s effect on the environment. Following years of work on environmental issues dating back to the 30’s, in 1996 the Nestlé Environmental Management System (NEMS) was introduced which consolidates all environmental measures taken by the Nestlé Group. NEMS is now used to ensure continuous improvement in Nestlé’s environmental performance covering all its business activities. There are many views about the...
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...ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND THE TYRANNY OF SMALL DECISIONS William E. Odum[1] BioScience Vol 32 No.9; Oct 1982; pp:728-729. Economist Alfred E Kahn's premise of "the tyranny of small decisions" is applicable to environmental issues. Examples of so-called "small decision effects" range from loss of prime farmland and acid precipitation to mismanagement of the Florida Everglades. A holistic rather than reductionist perspective is needed to avoid the undesirable, cumulative effects of small decisions (Accepted for publication 2 March 1982). Ideally, society's problems are resolved through a system of nested levels of public decision are made by the individual or by small groups of individuals. Higher decision-making levels range from local and state governments to the higher decision-making levels range from local and state governments to the highest levels of the federal government. Theoretically, the highest levels are composed of experts whose joint decisions provide constraints in the form of "rules" for decisions made at the lower levels. Unfortunately, important decisions are often reached in an entirely different manner. A series of small, apparently independent decisions are made. Often by individuals or small groups of individuals. The end result is that a big decision occurs (post hoc) as an accretion of these small decisions: the central question is never addressed directly at the higher decision-making levels. Usually, this process does not produce...
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...environmental scan, focus should be drawn to two environmental variables: • Societal environment (macro-environment) – This is the general environment in which the business organization operates. It is characterized by those variables on which the business has no control. It does not directly touch on the short run activities of the firm but can, and often do influence its long-run decisions. • Task environment (micro-environment) – This is the industry within which the business organization operates. This environment is characterized by various players and stakeholders who affect a business enterprise, and are also affected by it. 2. According to Porter, what determines the level of competitive intensity in an industry? According to Porter, the level of competitive intensity is determined by 5 basic competitive forces namely: (1) Threat of new entrants to a market (2) Bargaining power of suppliers (3) Bargaining power of customers or buyers (4) Threat of substitute products and (5) Degree of competitive rivalry 3. What should be scanned in the task environment? There should be an analysis of relevant elements in the task environment such as: (1) Competitors (2) Suppliers (3) Regulators (4) Strategic Partners (5) Labor and (6) Customers. 4. Discuss how a development in a corporation’s societal environment can affect the corporation through its task environment. 5. How can managers identify external strategic factors? a. Environmental uncertainty ...
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...Bethany White 14468477 Events Management Managing the Environment for Tourism and Events Individual Assignment Critically examine the extent to which venues and facilities are making efforts to mitigate environmental impacts. Martin Elliot-White/Chris Phelan Word Count:1830 Mitigation refers to the reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases (Unep.org, 2015), which effect the environment, this can be achieved in several ways, such as reducing waste left after festivals or using renewable energy. These aspects will be discussed in more detail during this assignment, as well as how tourism and event managers use Limits of Acceptable Change methodology when assessing environmental impacts and how to mitigate them. Venues and facilities, such as festival destinations or stages used at the festival, within events and tourism are making efforts to mitigate environmental impacts, for example the venue should use data which has been collected and analysed to identify and evaluate appropriate measures to mitigate environmental impacts and include them when development planning (Department of Regional Development and Environment, Executive Secretariat for Economic and Social Affairs, Organization of American States, 1991). With the use of a case study, this assignment will examine the extent of which venues and facilities are mitigating environmental impacts and what...
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