...Environmental Risk Perception Paper Christin Patchin PSY460 - Environmental Psychology Aaron Graczyk August 31, 2015 Introduction Environmental risks are visible to individuals’ everyday of their lives. Steg (2013), “environmental changes, pollution and technologies bear the possibility of harmful and long-lasting consequences for both human and nature” (p.16). With every individual being different from each other what one perceives as a risk might not be a risk to another and how they believe these risks affect them. Hence, the belief of an individual concerning an environmental risk can influence his or her perception of the risk. Risk perceptions are the subjective judgments concerning the risk associated with a certain technology, activity, or event (Steg, 2013). Different aspects in an individual’s life like ethics, morals, and values might influence perceived environmental risk. Environmental risks are also known to affect individuals’ emotionally which can make unwanted stress happen, in regard to the effects of these risks on nature and humans. One of the most talked about environmental risk is global warming; this happens when the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and the oceans gradually increase. These increases are permanent temperature changes to the oceans and atmosphere, which result from vast amounts of carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere from the continual use of fossil fuels. Unfortunately, this possesses a risk to the well...
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...Environmental Risk Perception Paper Fredrick B. Lowe PSY/460 June 20, 2016 Susie Ingram Environmental Risk Perception Paper One environmental risk that is taking over now and is getting a lot of press is global warming. I decided to pick this risk because if we do not do something now we will be in a lot of trouble later with this issue. It seems like the world is taking this environmental risk lightly, and I attribute this to the lack of education. I feel that if the world were more educated on this issue it would get the attention that it needs. Global warming has been one of the more commonly discussed environmental issues in the news lately. I picked two articles on this issue with the first article rating global warming as being a high risk and the second article seems to be not much concerned with global warming as being a major issue of the world. The first article focuses on the impact of the tourist transport industry and how this affects the environment along with global warming. The article points out that tourist travel by bus, train, car, plane, etc. and it let us know that traveling from both air and road can burn large quantities of fossil fuels, and also release high levels of pollutants into the atmosphere. The article also talks about how parking and ground level car movement can be harmful to landscapes and the undisturbed nature of protective areas. The article seems to focus more on air and road transport because these the two that are burning...
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...Global Environmental Change 17 (2007) 445–459 Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications Irene Lorenzonia,b,������, Sophie Nicholson-Coleb, Lorraine Whitmarshb a School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK b Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK Received 25 August 2006; received in revised form 12 January 2007; accepted 17 January 2007 Abstract This paper reports on the barriers that members of the UK public perceive to engaging with climate change. It draws upon three mixed-method studies, with an emphasis on the qualitative data which offer an in-depth insight into how people make sense of climate change. The paper defines engagement as an individual’s state, comprising three elements: cognitive, affective and behavioural. A number of common barriers emerge from the three studies, which operate broadly at ‘individual’ and ‘social’ levels. These major constraints to individual engagement with climate change have implications for achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gases in the UK. We argue that targeted and tailored information provision should be supported by wider structural change to enable citizens and communities to reduce their carbon dependency. Policy implications for effective engagement are discussed. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Climate...
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...Environmental Risk Perception Paper Environmental structure, such as technology as well as pollutions have the ability to hurt individuals within society and could possibly have a long term effect on peoples as well as the environments that peoples is expose to. If an individual were to ask the question as well as view these different risks, it could be an important way of coming up with answers on different environments risks. The way different individuals perceive could oppose as well as prompt a response to deal with certain risks. To understand the meaning of risk is when a situation and problem as well as activities that could have an unpredictable outcome impacting an issue that different individual within society may value. Both of these important components related to risk would be the critical and uncertainties with an unfortunate outcome. Compare and contrast According to the article, “Environmental issues have surface as hazardous by-products of technological advances in today’s times. Some of these environmental issues take on different forms, which exhibit different degrees of understanding, publicity, complexity, as a well as solutions. Political debate and public awareness have recently risen to higher levels about one of the environmental issues which are the most threatening forms: climate change. According to the UN Climate Change Secretariat (2002), ‘‘there has been an increasing scientific evidence of human have been the one that have interfere with the...
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...Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal Corporate social reporting and reputation risk management Jan Bebbington Carlos Larrinaga Jose M. Moneva Article information: Downloaded by University of Strathclyde At 07:57 17 October 2014 (PT) To cite this document: Jan Bebbington Carlos Larrinaga Jose M. Moneva, (2008),"Corporate social reporting and reputation risk management", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 21 Iss 3 pp. 337 - 361 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570810863932 Downloaded on: 17 October 2014, At: 07:57 (PT) References: this document contains references to 70 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 10839 times since 2008* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Jeffrey Unerman, (2008),"Strategic reputation risk management and corporate social responsibility reporting", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 21 Iss 3 pp. 362-364 Carol A. Adams, (2008),"A commentary on: corporate social responsibility reporting and reputation risk management", Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Vol. 21 Iss 3 pp. 365-370 Pekka Aula, (2010),"Social media, reputation risk and ambient publicity management", Strategy & Leadership, Vol. 38 Iss 6 pp. 43-49 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by 117974 [] For Authors If you would like to...
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...htm IMCS 14,3 Formulating information systems risk management strategies through cultural theory Aggeliki Tsohou, Maria Karyda and Spyros Kokolakis Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, Samos, Greece 198 Evangelos Kiountouzis Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of cultural theory as a tool for identifying patterns in the stakeholders’ perception of risk and its effect on information system (IS) risk management. Design/methodology/approach – Risk management involves a number of human activities which are based on the way the various stakeholders perceive risk associated with IS assets. Cultural theory claims that risk perception within social groups and structures is predictable according to group and individual worldviews; therefore this paper examines the implications of cultural theory on IS risk management as a means for security experts to manage stakeholders perceptions. Findings – A basic theoretical element of cultural theory is the grid/group typology, where four cultural groups with differentiating worldviews are identified. This paper presents how these worldviews affect the process of IS risk management and suggests key issues to be considered in developing strategies of risk management according to the different perceptions cultural groups have. Research limitations/implications...
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...Health People 2020 as a foundation this paper will serve to identify objectives and identify how biological risk (including age-related risk), environmental risk (including economic risk), and behavioral risk contribute to family health risks for those objectives noted by Health People 2020. The two objectives that will be discussed include smoking, to include health related problems that result in this behavior, and respiratory illnesses, including Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Within the paper, prevention of exacerbation will also be noted as it relates to each illness. Tobacco Use Scientific knowledge about the health effects of tobacco use has increased greatly since the first Surgeon General’s report on tobacco was released in 1964. The most successful interventions of many clinical trials incorporated elements of social or organizational change to modify individual behavioral risk factors, such as alcohol and tobacco consumption, diet, and physical activity. Most behaviors are not randomly distributed in the population, but rather are socially patterned and often cluster with one another. Thus, many people who drink also smoke cigarettes, and those who follow health-promoting dietary practices also tend to be physically active. People who are poor, have low levels of education, or are socially isolated are more likely to engage in a wide array of risk-related behaviors and less likely to engage...
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...Environmental Risk Perception John D. Neil PSY/460 June 9, 2014 Stephen Brown Environmental Risk Perception Environmental risk is something that is perceived differently by many people the world over. With so many different environmental areas under investigation, it is difficult to assess with 100% accuracy. Global warning has been one of the more commonly discussed environmental issues in recent memory. The following is a risk perception paper utilizing two articles. One article rates global warming as being a high-risk issue, while the other does not seem to be overly concerned about global warming as a major issue. The first article is a research study focused on the impact of the tourist transport industry on the environment, specifically global warming. This article points out that the tourist transport (i.e. bus, car, train, plane, etc.) is the main component of the tourism trade because it gets the tourist from his or her home to the tourist destination (Cristina, 2013). According to the authors of the article, both air and road transport burn large quantities of fossil fuel, and release high levels of pollutants into the atmosphere (Cristina, 2013). This article goes on to suggest that at ground level, parking and car movement can be harmful to landscapes and the undisturbed nature of protective areas (Cristina, 2013). Two of the major concerns of this article are air transport and road transport. The article points out that air transport is the main gas responsible...
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...Nuclear Waste Transport and Residential Property Values: Estimating the Effects of Perceived Risk by Jeff Smith This paper attempts to use a current, highly publicized case regarding spent nuclear fuel shipments in South Carolina to test the effects on residential property values. As the title implies, the premise is that perceived risk may be all that’s necessary to affect human behavior, whether the perception is true or not. The authors cite previous studies that have empirically proven that environmental disamenities (hazardous waste sites, garbage dumps, etc.) reduce residential property values. Several other studies cited show that housing markets respond to both the introduction and elimination of disamenities. The authors associate this to the possibility of changing risk perceptions. What is the bottom line from these studies? “Sticky” housing prices may be associated with the differing perceptions of risk by experts and lay persons. Looking specifically at housing prices and nuclear material, this paper uses several studies that failed to establish a link between property values in the vicinity and nuclear power plants that were in close proximity to the houses. This is presumably due to the positive economic affect associated with the plant, such as increased tax base and high paying jobs. However, the authors study nuclear waste storage and transport, an area that may show a negative relationship because there are no offsetting economic benefits, such...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION Tourism is, according to the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (2002a), the world’s largest economical sector. In 2002, tourism in South African had a growth rate of 11.1 % in foreign arrivals from the previous year. That accounted for 6,4 million foreign tourists (South African Tourism, 2003). In 2003 it grew with another 1.2 % to 6,5 million tourists (South African Tourism, 2004), and in 2004, the number had increased to more than 6,8 million foreign tourists that visited South Africa (Geldenhuys, 2005:10). This shows that South Africa is becoming a popular travel destination among tourists. South Africa is a diverse country with many unique cultures and historical significances. South African Tourism have established that tourists experienced the hospitality and friendliness of the South African people as the most satisfactory of their visit in South Africa (Geldenhuys, 2005:10), and in a recent international survey done by American Express (Geldenhuys, 2005:10), South Africa was rated as the second-cheapest destination. Attractions such as Table Mountain, Robben Island, the Garden Route, Namaqualand, the Cradle of Human Kind, the Kruger National Park, the Drakensberg Mountains, and Soweto are just some of the South African examples (South African Tourism, 2005a). The towns and cities of South Africa such as Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Cape Town also serve as attractions (South African Tourism, 2005b)...
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...Management Control of Project Portfolio Uncertainty: A Managerial Role Perspective Tuomas Korhonen, Cost Management Center (CMC), Department of Industrial Management, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland Teemu Laine, Cost Management Center (CMC), Department of Industrial Management, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland Miia Martinsuo, Department of Industrial Management, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland PAPERS ABSTRACT ■ This article presents empirical results on different managers’ viewpoints regarding the sources and management of project portfolio uncertainty. As a key result, this study demonstrates the versatility of uncertainties experienced by managers, the limited degree of perceived control over them, the use of an almost complete management control package in managing uncertainties, and the necessity of managers’ cooperation in the skilled use of the management control package when managing uncertainties. In addition, a further research agenda is proposed. KEYWORDS: project portfolio management; uncertainty; managerial roles; management control systems; product development INTRODUCTION ■ n their product development, large companies have adopted project portfolio management (PPM) as a means for prioritizing and selecting product development projects among various options as well as allocating resources with the value maximization, balance, and strategic alignment of the portfolio in mind (Cooper, Edgett, & Kleinschmidt...
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...demand for goods and services. This has resulted in depletion of several valuable natural resources. Green consumerism refers to recycling, purchasing and using eco-friendly products that minimize damage to the environment. More and more businesses and industries are joining in the green movement, either out of a real interest in saving the planet or a desire to capitalize on the growing consumer demand for greener ways. For example, Wal-Mart anticipates savings to the tune of billions of dollars by reducing packaging across the supply chain and Wells Fargo issues carbon credits to offset its customers' credit card purchases. Very few consumers, who have realized the importance of going green, have been practicing it. For many, the perception about the idea is vague. Many organizations are actively trying to induce a paradigm shift in their green marketing strategies to enable them to reach the consumer. Has their attempt in this endeavour yielded results? The study is aimed at exploring the answers to these questions. Purpose and Scope of the Study This study is an attempt to understand the attitude consumers have towards green consumerism particularly with reference to their purchase and consumption patterns and give suitable suggestions based on the findings to enable them to be more environments’ friendly. This Study also is an attempt to explore the problems faced by consumers in adopting green consumerism and reach out to them for solution. This concept is...
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...Risk Communication On March 28, 1979, America’s worse commercial nuclear accident occurred – a partial meltdown of the reactor core at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant near Middletown, Pennsylvania. In the early hours and days of the Three Mile Island accident, nobody knew for sure what was happening. Metropolitan Edison, owner of the nuclear plant, put their best face on and tried to make the most reassuring statements it could given what was known at the time. So as the news got worse, Metropolitan Edison had to keep going back to the public and the authorities to say, if effect, “it’s worse than we thought.” Coordination lacked between local, state, and federal regulatory agencies and neither Met Ed nor the Nuclear Regulatory Commission had a “disaster” public information plan. News reports reflected this communication gap with utter confusion and misinformation. The imprecise reports and inaccurate information led to panic, and more than one hundred thousand residents, mostly children and pregnant women, fled the area. It was believed that clear, understandable information was all that was needed to make people see that the risks were lower than many feared. This paper will define risk communication; explain how risk communication methods are developed; and discuss a well-known risk communication campaign. Sound and thoughtful risk communication can assist public officials in preventing ineffective, fear-driven, and potentially damaging public responses...
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...Part I Case Study a. Based on the case, define agribusiness supply management. Supply chain management can be defined as a combination of different arrangements occurring between various business entities involved in the production, procurement, processing, and marketing of a product or products. It also can be defined as the cooperation between producers, processors, wholesalers, and/or retailers, to guarantee high quality and/or to minimize costs. Based on my observation through all of the supply management case studies I would have to agree with the definition of supply management. b. There were three agribusiness cases presented. Provide a brief description of each case. Which case did you like or dislike and why? The case that most interested me was the case about Niman Rancher-A Natural Meat Producer. This was the most interesting because most farms doesn’t practice natural environment Niman Ranch contracts with family farms to raise their animals in a natural environment without the use of drugs or hormones. Niman Ranch is so committed to the family farm philosophy that it sees itself as the processing and marketing operation for about 100 family farms. This was also interested because of the different sites in which animals were processed at, also the different packaging and how it applies their farm to supply management. c. What is the difference between vertical integration and vertical coordination? The difference between vertical integration...
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...from awareness to action 4th Supply Chain Monitor | White paper | 2010-2011 4th Supply Chain Monitor BearingPoint Summary … … … … … Editorial… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …… Executive summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … Moving…forward…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … The…new…guidelines… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 5 6 6 9 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 2 3 .…Green Supply Chain strategy and models… ………………………………………………………………… 12 12 14 16 20 26 26 32 36 40… 44 48 48 50 52 53 53 54 54 56 62 64 66 67 Context…and…concept… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Implementing…a…new…strategy… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… … The…green…Supply…Chain…model… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Regulation…framework…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… .…Green actions per Supply Chain segment… ………………………………………………………………… … … … … … Eco-design………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Sustainable…purchasing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Green…manufacturing………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Green…logistics…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Second…life…logistics…and…operations… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… .…Environmental footprint……………………………………………………………………………………………………… … … …...
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