...psychology C H A P T E R 1 Psychology and the Challenges of Life ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ OUTLINE Did you know that… Module 1.1: Psychology and Adjustment Module 1.2: Human Diversity and Adjustment Module 1.3: Critical Thinking and Adjustment Module 1.4: How Psychologists Study Adjustment Module 1.5: Psychology in Daily Life: Becoming a Successful Student CHAPTER REVIEW RECITE! RECITE! RECITE! REFLECT REFLECT REFLECT YOUR PERSONAL JOURNAL Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Did you know that… ❚ Multitasking while studying can damage your grades? (p. 6) ❚ Genetics influences many psychological traits and even our preferences for different types of occupations? (p. 8) ❚ White, Euro-Americans are now a minority in the nation’s most populous state? (p. 12) ❚ Women were once not permitted to attend college in the United States? (p. 13) ❚ You could survey a million voters and still not predict the outcome of a presidential election accurately? (p. 23) ❚ You are more likely to eventually get a divorce if you live together with your future spouse before getting married? (p. 27) ❚ Cramming for a test is not more likely to earn you a good grade than spacing your study sessions? (p. 33) Oleg Prikhodko/iStockphoto ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ B eth, 22, a fourth-year chemistry major, has been accepted into medical school in Boston. She wants to do cancer research, but this goal means another seven or eight years at...
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...So much so, that areas of life where man, woman and even livestock interacted with each other were regulated. From that time until now sexual acts have been subjected to scrutiny; and a disreputable label attached to any who would openly flaunt its conventions. Keywords: deviance, sanctions, homosexuality SEXUAL DEVIANCE I have expressed an interest in the topic of sexual deviance because it has a personal application in my life at the present time. I am seeking some additional information into the subject and wonder why it is so objectionable to just about all societies. The mass media is a sounding board for the mass audience and is the premier agent that reflects back to society what it is that we accept and what it is we reject. There are a number of social norms that govern sex concerning what is acceptable and what is not acceptable. We will discuss the three different theories of sociology along with mass media and its implications. SOCIAL RELEVANCE Sexual deviance is a violation of society’s sex norms, which is displayed as inappropiate behavior due to “beliefs, actions, or conditions,” (Goode, 2011). As a result of either his actions or beliefs the person becomes labeled and regarded as an undesirable or objectionable individual. Formal (police, courts) or informal (avoidance,...
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...others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research * Geographic information systems (GIS): an organized collection of computer hardware, software and geographical data that is designed to capture, store, update, manipulate and display spatially referenced information * Regional geography: the study of ways in which unique combinations of environmental and human factors produce territories with distinctive landscapes and cultural...
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...Personal Portrait There are many theories that are associated with human development. I will create a personal portrait and integrate developmental theory, moral development, and gender and cultural influences. Erikson Erikson’s developmental theory will be used to analyze my life stage by stage. I will compare Erikson’s theory of development to Lawrence Kohlberg’s model of moral development and analyze how these theories have affected my development from birth to adulthood. Last I will evaluate hoe factors can be explained within the context of gender differences and environmental, cultural, and ethnic influences. We all have different personality traits many are inborn temperament traits and others were learned based on our environment and the support we receive in growing up. Erikson became a leading figure in the psychosocial study of human growth and development, formulating nine stages, with a “conflict” or “crisis” to be resolved at each stage for healthy development to occur (Crandell, Crandell, Zanden, p. 39, 2009). Each stage builds on the preceding stages and the crisis in each stage should be resolved by the ego in that stage. As employed by Erikson (1968a, p. 286), a crisis is not “a threat of catastrophe but a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential.” More importantly he said, “remember that conflict and tension are sources of growth, strength, and commitment” (Erikson & Erikson, 1997) (Crandell, Crandell...
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...Crime and Deviance AN INTRODUCTION TO CRIME AND DEVIANCE Definitions * Crime- An act which breaks the criminal laws of society. * Deviance- refers to the behaviour which is disapproved of by most people in society and which does not conform to society's norms and values. TOPIC 1: FUNCTIONALIST, STRAIN AND SUBCULTURAL THEORIES Durkheim's functionalist theory: * Socialisation and Social control are two key mechanisms which allow social solidarity to occur in society. The inevitability of crime: * Functionalists see too much crime as destabilising society. * They also see crime as inevitable and universal- Durkheim, 'crime is normal... an integral part of all healthy societies.' * There are two reasons why C&D are found in all societies; 1.Not everyone is equally effectively socialised into the shared norms and values. 2. Different groups develop their own subculture and what the members of the subculture regard as normal, mainstream culture may see as deviant. * Durkheim also discusses that in modern societies there is a tendency towards anomie (normlessness). The diversity of modern societies means that the collective conscience is weakened, and this results in higher levels of C&D. The positive functions of crime: * For Durkheim, crime also fulfils two important functions; boundary maintenance and adaptation. * Boundary Maintenance- In Durkheim's view, the purpose of punishment is to reaffirm society's shared rules and reinforces...
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...This is a protected document. Please enter your student or faculty username and password. Username: Password: Log In Need assistance logging in? Contact Technical Support. Doc ID: 1009-0001-1993-00001994 Toll Free: 877.428.8447 M-F, 6am MST or Sat-Sun, 7am-12am MST Find us on Facebook and Follow us on Twitter! F I F T H E D I T I O N An Introduction to Multicultural Education James A. Banks University of Washington, Seattle Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo ISBN 1-269-53060-7 An Introduction to Multicultural Education, Fifth Edition, by James A. Banks. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. Vice President/Editorial Director: Jeffery Johnston Executive Editor: Linda Bishop Editorial Assistant: Laura Marenghi Senior Marketing Manager: Darcy Betts Production Editor: Karen Mason Production Project Manager: Elizabeth Gale Napolitano Manager, Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Laura Gardner Cover Art: “Sea and Sky” (013) 2003 © Marvin Oliver Artist Full Service Project Manager: Niraj Bhatt, Aptara® , Inc. Composition: Aptara® , Inc. Printer/Binder/Cover Printer: Courier Westford Text Font: ITC Stone Serif Std 10/12 Text Credits: Page 11, Stiglitz excerpt: From Stiglitz, J.E. (2012). The price...
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...Educational Psychology: Developing Learners This is a protected document. Please enter your ANGEL username and password. Username: Password: Login Need assistance logging in? Click here! If you experience any technical difficulty or have any technical questions, please contact technical support during the following hours: M-F, 6am-12am MST or Sat-Sun, 7am-12am MST by phone at (800) 800-9776 ext. 7200 or submit a ticket online by visiting http://help.gcu.edu. Doc ID: 1009-0001-158C-0000158D Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Professor Emerita, University of Northern Colorado University of New Hampshire ISBN 0-558-65860-1 Boston ● Columbus ● Indianapolis ● New York ● San Francisco ● Upper Saddle River Amsterdam ● Cape Town ● Dubai ● London ● Madrid ● Milan ● Munich ● Paris ● Montreal ● Toronto Delhi ● Mexico City ● Sao Paula ● Sydney ● Hong Kong ● Seoul ● Singapore ● Taipei ● Tokyo Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, Seventh Edition, by Jeanne Ellis Ormrod. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. Editor-in-Chief: Paul A. Smith Development Editor: Christina Robb Editorial Assistant: Matthew Buchholz Vice President, Director of Marketing: Quinn Perkson Marketing Manager: Jared Brueckner Production Editor: Annette Joseph Editorial Production Service: Marty Tenney, Modern Graphics, Inc. Manufacturing Buyer: Megan Cochran Electronic Composition: Modern Graphics, Inc. Interior Design: Denise Hoffman, Glenview Studios Photo...
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...I, Venetin Aghostin-Sangar, being a student for the degree of Bachelor of Planning, am aware that the University reserves the right to retain at its own discretion the copy of my thesis submitted for examination. I consent to the thesis being placed in the Faculty Library, to be consulted there and to part(s) of this thesis being quoted in manuscripts or typescripts for the purpose of scholarship or research, provided my authorship is acknowledged. In the light of the Copyright Act (1968) I declare that I wish to grant the University further permission for the following actions provided my authorship is acknowledged: • Copy or allow others to copy in any medium the whole of the thesis for the purpose of scholarship or research; or • Publish or allow others to publish, the whole of the thesis. Signature: ……………………………………………………………………… Witness: ……………………………………………………………………… Date: 23rd February 2007 ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to all those who dedicated their valuable time to assist in furthering the ideas that form this thesis. A sincere thankyou to my supervisor, Associate Professor Susan Thompson, for her constructive criticism, suggestions and guidance. Also, thank you to George Vlamis who offered to read and comment on my thesis and who kindly put up with my daily enquiries at work. Most importantly, without the participation of the 186 anonymous built environment professionals across Sydney, Fairfield City Council’s...
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...Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the business case for ethnic diversity in the British National Health Service (NHS). It seeks to contextualise issues around diversity within the current political environment, and identify the barriers to diversity in the NHS. The business case has been very strongly argued as justification for introducing both managing diversity and equal opportunity initiatives - here the paper examines the inconsistencies of using that argument, and maintains that the only justification worth presenting is that based on (deontological) moral arguments. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is conceptual in nature exploring the respective cases for diversity using a broad range of the available literature brought together as part of a rapid evidence assessment. It does so in order to make some far-reaching claims about the future justifications for active diversification of senior management in key public sector institutions. Findings - The distinctions between the business and moral cases are false, in that both have ethical reference points. However, the business case is not only difficult to translate to public sector institutions; there are also evidential problems with its adoption. In light of this the conclusion here is that the moral (deontological) case is the only one that has any long term value for proponents of diversity. Originality/value - The value of this paper is that it examines the confusion that surrounds different cases...
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...INTRODUCTION The essence of this essay is to reflect on my 'lived' personal experience as a newly diagnosed patient with type II Diabetes. The author's assignment was to pretend to have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. As part of this exercise, the author was to maintain a record of exercise, food, and a regular blood sugar monitoring regime on daily basis. This reflection seeks to highlight the impact, experience and changes that occurred in the author's 'lived lifestyle of a patient with type II diabetes' and will include reference to current literature, research, theories and best practice. The author would explain the changes that occurred in her life and how experiencing type two diabetes has helped her to understand the challenges patients undergo in relation to their daily routine of monitoring their blood sugar levels. The author will explain how her 'lived experience' would help her understand and provide the necessary support for people with diabetes in the future. BACKGROUND INFORMATION I am a female non-smoker of African descent. I am married with two children aged 13 and 21. My thirteen-year old daughter currently lives with me in New Zealand. I am of an average height of about 163cm and weigh 80kg which signifies an unhealthy BMI of 30.1 (Health Information for New Zealanders, (n.d.) BMI Calculator section) I am currently out of job and often depressed as a result of my inactivity. I have a normal blood pressure of 136/78 and my pulse rate is usually 62-64bpm at rest...
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...Darrel Moellendorf (ed.), Global Justice: Seminal Essays Will Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular (Optional) E-Reserve Essays are in: Phil. 340 E-Reserves: Password = “war” Phil. 338 E-Reserves: Password = “endangered” Phil. 462 E-Reserves: Password = “worldpeace” A. Essays by Rodney G. Peffer (Peffer) B. Marxism, Morality, and Social Justice (MMSJ) I –XXI (Essays) = Essays by other authors divided into Sections All ERES Readings are in my Phil. 462 ERES unless noted otherwise. * = An important component of my next book. Jan. 26 General Introduction to Course Jan. 31 Basics of Political Philosophy/ Peffer’s Theory of Social Justice The following 6 short essays by me are in the “Introductory Materials” sub-folder of the “Essays by Rodney G. Peffer” folder of my Phil. 462 ERES. R.G. Peffer *“On the Nature of Morality” (Peffer – 3) (4th essay from bottom) “ “ “ "Main Types of Moral Theories" (Peffer - 1) " " " "Is Morality Relative?" (Peffer - 3) (or via email) “ “ " "Main Questions of...
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...The word freedom implies an individual is unfettered in any manner to act. Freedom implies no boundaries to limit human actions. The concept of boundaries, however, transforms the word freedom into the word liberty. Whereas the concept of freedom ignores the concept of obligations, the concept of liberty implies potential obligations. The word freedom ignores interactions with other humans, the word liberty acknowledges those interactions. The word liberty describes specific freedoms of action without obligations toward others, but recognizes that obligations might exist. The concept of boundaries introduces obligations toward other people. The concept of freedom implies unrestricted movement and actions regardless of boundaries, but the concept of liberty implies restrictions on actions because of boundaries. Liberty acknowledges possible boundaries and merely is freedom from fiat boundaries. In relation to the quote “Equality is the sole of liberty; there is, in fact no liberty without it” (Frances Wright) It is clear to understand that as liberty implies certain obligations of society, i.e The Rule of Law, Taxation. Bestowing unequal obligations onto any group in society i.e Slavery, completely destroys any chance of liberty for those that are oppressed or impeded by inequality. Within society, there are various factors that contribute to the development of prejudice and discrimination from birth. When discussing prejudice and discrimination it is important to understand...
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...CHAPTER THREE The Use of Theory ne component of reviewing the literature is to determine what theories might be used to explore the questions in a scholarly study. In quantitative research, researchers often test theories as an explanation for answers to their questions. In a quantitative dissertation, an entire section of a research proposal might be devoted to presenting the theory for the study. In qualitative research, the use of theory is much more varied. The inquirer may generate a theory as the final outcome of a study and place it at the end of a project, such as in grounded theory. In other qualitative studies, it comes at the beginning and provides a lens that shapes what is looked at and the questions asked, such as in ethnographies or in advocacy research. In mixed methods research, researchers may both test theories and generate them. Moreover, mixed methods research may contain a theoretical lens, such as a focus on feminist, racial, or class issues, that guides the entire study. I begin this chapter by focusing on theory use in a quantitative study. It reviews a definition of a theory, the use of variables in a quantitative study, the placement of theory in a quantitative study, and the alternative forms it might assume in a written plan. Procedures in identifying a theory are next presented, followed by a script of a theoretical perspective section of a quantitative research proposal. Then the discussion moves to the use of theory in a qualitative study. Qualitative...
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...that career is ‘the evolving sequence of a person’s work experiences over time’ (p8).It plays a role in raising career expectations and aspirations of pupils (Brown et al, 2004) and may also enhance broader school effectiveness (Killeen et al, 1999). Osipow and Fitzgerald (1996) postulate that the concept of career has recently undergone a transformation (p50) and distinguish between career choice as a point-in-time ‘event’ and a developmental ‘process’ over a longer period of time (p54). Whilst acknowledging that broader definitions (which include life roles and life span) have emerged, they suggest a more ‘parsimonious’ definition (p51), limited to vocational behaviour and vocational development. Looking back at the traditional theories, we can say that Frank Parsons began a concept of vocation published a book vocational guidance in his book “Choosing a Vocation” He laid the foundation for trait and factor approach. Trait is characteristic of an individual that can be measured through...
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...design project as a mere symbolic expression also hinders our true understanding of design and culture. In this article, I attempt to answer fundamental questions regarding the complex, innate relationship between design and culture and suggest restructuring a conceptual framework applicable to related research and education that effectively reveals the multi faceted characteristics of design and culture in the present age. From the perspective of morphology, current individual design practice can be redefined as one entity comprising two coexisting components: One is a set of particular principles that construe a certain design pattern or type of design practice, and the other is another set of morphed elements embedded in design that reflects the context. The conceptual framework on which this article is based derives from George Kubler’s...
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