...An environmental theory that has come about because of the issues of treating animals as people has been whether or not the animals kept in captivity will face the loss of their habitat, will face the detrimental effects of global warming with no way to be rescued and also may be targeted by hunters. “Others worry about animals themselves. Steve Feldman, spokesman for the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, says that keeping and breeding animals in captivity is sometimes the only way to safeguard a species. Opponents of captivity, he argues, too often ignore the reality of habitat loss, global warming, hunters, and poachers threatening species in the wild,” according to Berdik (2013). It is a very real possibility that by releasing an animal from captivity and essentially treating them as a human that the animal could face complete loss of their natural habitat and may end up extinct or near-extinct due to hunters targeting them. There are also ethical issues that arise from animals being treated as human beings instead of as animals. The first of these is that animals may or may not possess the same cognitive abilities of humans. According to Barlow (2013), “There are a million species of animals. I have studied fewer than a dozen. Based on my research and discussions with scientists, it appears likely that at least some great apes, cetaceans, and elephants possess cognitive abilities that the Nonhuman Rights Project believes are sufficient for legal personhood. “ Because of...
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...its customers. The company has recently launched an initiative to help protect and preserve the environment through green initiatives and recycling and proper packaging. Although based in New Jersey, the company offers a variety of locations and in this paper, I will be discussing the facility based in the African nation of Colberia and its impact on its indigenous people. Before we can dig deeper into the paper, we first need to determine the stakeholders and what role if any do they play in some of issues brought forth by the people. What is a stakeholder? A stakeholder is a person, group or organization that has interest or concern in an organization. In most cases, a stakeholder will have the interest for profit and less for community involvement. Stakeholders have a reputation for being greedy and out for money and minimize costs wherever they can.In our study today, the stakeholders would be all the executives living in Colberia, the CEO as well as any foreigner investors. In the paper, we will explore more the roles of a stakeholder and how they have impacted the local people in Colberia and how PharmaCARE has brought about any changes in living conditions and job security in the area. In our next discussion, we will take a look at how PharmaCARE can improve and change some of the working conditions and concerns within the local community in order to help promote growth in Colberia as well as become a long standing and respectable company to work for and continue to...
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...responsible business practices. To support your evaluation and argument, include an appraisal of how two companies currently promote social responsibility. In order for companies to positively impact their communications with their stakeholders many companies like Nike and Goldman Sachs are continuously seeking new ways of carrying out corporate social responsibility Reeves (2012). The re-developments of corporate social responsibility often derive from responding actively to emerging and current issues in society (REFERENCE). (REFERENCE) describes current issues such as, human rights, labour, and environmental practices that Nike and Goldman...
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...understanding, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation) separate basic knowledge acquisition from the critical thinking and analytical skills necessary for making ethical decisions or judgments. Answering questions about business ethics requires knowledge from multiple disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, political science, sociology, economics, finance, organizational management, and law. Analyzing such a vast body of data in ethical frameworks requires the highest levels (analysis, synthesis, and evaluation) of critical thinking as expressed in the taxonomy. Corporate governance, an interdisciplinary subject addressed in all these disciplines, explores the inter- workings of both for-profit firms and not-forprofit firms and is an area requiring business students to evaluate ethical issues when making decisions. Despite the broad responsibility of teaching corporate governance in the finance classroom, the pedagogy of finance has been restricted to ideas derived primarily from economics, statistics, and finance. Competing ideas from other disciplines are generally unwelcome and/or are treated with skepticism. Even the ideas of some researchers from the fields of economics and finance such as Hart (1995) and Tirole (2001) who promote alternate solutions to corporate governance beyond agency theory are ignored or overlooked. As a result, business ethics and corporate governance topics often are introduced in apro forma, compulsory fashion that may...
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...legally. Both companies are going to be faced with large consequences from the decisions made. From a legal standpoint, wrong choices possibly will result in fines and penalties, and possibly imprisonment. From an ethical standpoint, poor decisions will affect profitability, public perception, investor relations and much more. Concern: The Energy Cooperative is a non-profit organization (501C3), as well as providing a discussion forum for alternative energy companies. The Energy Cooperative is held in high regard by both the general public and people in the field of energy. They have an obligation to protect themselves from anything that could be detrimental to their reputation, or anything perceived as being less than above board. There is a board of directors that meets by conference call once each month. The board members are self employed consultants with no allegiance to any particular company. They must sign a statement to the effect before they are appointed. They receive a nominal fee for directing their affiliate and being on the board of directors. Besides their own personal consulting business they are also communicating with potential clients for Energy Cooperative. One of the directors has asked approval for the directors to use their position within the cooperative while conducting their private business dealings. Legal: As a director, when you solicit clients for their own purpose while doing business as the board of directors for Energy Cooperative...
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...Abstract Ethical theories has been a topic of philosophical debate for centuries, but only recently has corporate governance and social responsibilities became a necessary fixture for modern businesses to function. Thus sparking scepticism that businesses adoption of CSR initiatives are a result of shifting societal trends for financial rewards and not out of ‘good will’. It is therefore a surprising given that this paper, Origins Natural Resources, an international cosmetic superstar adopted CSR since its conception and continues to maintain strong earth friendly practices throughout its operations regardless of substantial costs and burden to uphold. Thereby exploring the possibilities that characteristics of virtue can truly exist in a corporate entity, and perhaps society should be less sceptical of others intentions. Introduction The question of why businesses truly adopted CSR initiatives has never been initiated, thus sparking interests on whether or not it is an authentic act of corporate citizenship or simply a front to financial rewards. This paper aims to analyse Origins Natural Resources dedication towards Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) addressing two major issues the organisation perceived as most significant and relevant to its core products and services. The two categories are addressing the importance of animal cruelty via experimentation and environmental sustainability. These issues will be analysed by applying utilitarianism, Kant and Virtue...
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...corporations engage in corporate social responsibility activities. The debate in CSR is nowadays still focused on the link between CSR and financial performance. Research lacks real proof of this link and corporations are failing in formulating a business case. So why is it that MNCs are willing to engage in CSR activities. In the following thesis I would like to give an answer on this question. Inhoudsopgave 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Research Purpose 6 1.2 Problem Statement 6 1.3 Sub questions 7 1.4 Structure 7 2. Theory 8 2.1 Definition CSR 8 2.2 Definition Multinational Corporation (MNC) 9 2.3 Theoretical Framework (Garigga & Mele (2004)) 10 2.3.1 Instrumental theories 10 2.3.2 Political theories 12 2.3.3 Integrative theories 13 2.3.4 Ethical theories 14 2.3.5 Propositions 16 3. Methods 18 3.1 Research approach 18 4. Results 19 4.1 Instrumental motive 20 4.2 Political motive 20 4.3 Integrative motive 21 4.4 Ethical motive 22 5. Conclusion & Recommendation 24 5.1 Conclusion 24 5.2 Limitations & Recommendation 27 6. References 28 1. Introduction Corporate social responsibility is becoming more and more important for companies. The last few years there is an increase of interest from companies in CSR and in the implementation of different CSR activities in their day-to-day businesses. In general, corporate social responsibility encompasses the responsibilities that businesses have towards society. These responsibilities...
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...people get their values | 11 | | List of References | 14 | QUESTION 1.1 MORALITY OF THE ACTIONS OF JP MORGAN According to Buchholtz and Carroll (2012) moral management conforms to the highest standards of ethical behaviour or professional standards of conduct, motives, goals orientation towards the law and general operating strategy. Moral management pursues its objectives of profitability, legality, and ethics as both required and desirable. Moral management would not pursue profits at the expense of the law and sound ethics. The operating strategy of moral management is to live by sound ethical standards, seeking out only those economic opportunities that the organization or management can pursue within the confines of ethical boundaries. The organization assumes a leadership position when ethical dilemmas arise. The stakeholders at JPMorgan Chase & Co. case include executives at the bank, other employees, competitors to JP Morgan and those who have accounts, funds, stocks, etc. associated with the bank. The executives of JPMorgan Chase & Co. had one major interest in their positions i.e. to maximize profits for the bank. The executive looked to continue this profit-streak, and keep finding large profits each quarter. According to the normative ethical theories, The JP Morgan Chase &Co executives conformed to amoral management where their motives were well-intentioned but selfish in the sense that impact on others was not considered. Their goal was profitability...
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...Assignment 3 Ivory Harris PharmaCARE Scenario Strayer University Prof. Campbell Stakeholders Describe the key characteristics of a stakeholder and determine all the stakeholders within the PharmaCARE scenario. The primary stakeholders in a typical corporation are its investors, employees, customers and suppliers. According to Project Management Tips (PMTips.net/blog/defining-stakeholders, n.d.), some of the key characteristics of a stakeholder is a) a person who stands to gain or lose through the success or failure of the project, a ROI b) provides funding for the project c) has invested resources in the project, d) is affected by the outputs of the project, e) is in the “chain of accountability”. The stakeholders within the PharmaCARE scenario would be the CEO, PharmaCARE’s executives and its Shareholders/stockholders of the company. Analyze the human rights issues presented by PharmaCARE’s treatment of the Colberia’s indigenous population versus that of its executives. Recommend at least three (3) changes PharmaCARE can make to be more ethical going forward. Corporations are expanding their business enterprise to less regulated poorer countries where they can violate human rights with the cooperation of that countries government, and make the officials rich. The corporations are setting up businesses in other countries where the indigenous people of that area are poor, often living in less than standard conditions and working for huge corporations...
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...In any business there are stakeholders. Stakeholders are individuals such as employees, customers, members of the community, and even investors. If someone is affected by a business decision, or if he or she has an interest in the company, then he or she is a stakeholder. Who are the stakeholders of this large company? Joe, District Manager of Computer Operations; Mary, Division Manager—Information Systems; John, President and CEO, the individual who wrote the anonymous letter, the company’s stockholders, customer’s, families of employees, and the community who have an interest or depend of the company for different reasons. What are the interests of the stakeholders? Joe was recently promoted to the position of District Manager of Computer Operations of this company. John is the CEO and received an anonymous letter stating: A recent installed and very expensive computer system does not perform as expected and has not produced the expected results. The computer information system represents a major financial investment by the company. Joe has been aware that the system’s actual performance is like what was described in the anonymous letter. Joe has reported his findings to Mary. Mary tells Joe that John expects a reply to the anonymous letter. Mary wants Joe’s reply to the letter to be a positive statement stating: “The system is performing as projected and that all savings portrayed in the original justification documents are being achieved.” This statement in the letter is...
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...Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance Professor Andrea Brvenik August 16, 2014 Stakeholders & PharmaCARE Stakeholders take on many forms and guises depending on the context of the business. Experts write personal definitions and musings on what they feel a stakeholder is, while others disagree and have their own, sometimes conflicting personal findings. It has been my experience that the terms ‘stakeholder’ and ‘stock/shareholder’ are often used as synonyms, but there is are important distinctions that must be made. According to Investopedia, a website dedicated to investing education, a shareholder is: “Any person, company or other institution that owns at least one share of a company’s stock. Shareholders are a company's owners. They have the potential to profit if the company does well, but that comes with the potential to lose if the company does poorly. A shareholder may also be referred to as a "stockholder" (Shareholder, 2014). For the purposes of this research paper, I will attempt to convey my understanding of a stakeholder through the lens of Gary Heerkens’ book, “Project Management”. Though the definitions vary, there are several ‘tenants’ that comprise the meaning of a stakeholder. Any of the following may make an individual a stakeholder: • Stands to gain or lose through the success or failure of the project • Provides funding for the project • Has invested resources in the project •...
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...1. Introduction Social and environmental accounting has been increasingly important in the organisation because the society has become more industrial-dominant since 1990s (Deegan and Unerman, 2006, pp. 317). Disclosure of social and environmental accounting has regarded as a core reporting method among organisations and it has been eventually separated from the statement of the financial position (Deegan and Unerman, 2011, pp. 385). In the late 1990s, triple bottom line reporting, which considers that economic, social and environmental areas are equally important (Elkington, 1997), but unfortunately, with the higher demand of more integrated reporting, it has been replaced (Deegan and Unerman, 2011, pp. 386). This responsibility also embraces the social and environmental reporting practices on the basis of the personal judgement (Deegan and Unerman, 2006, pp. 318). Social and environment reporting can be defined as the process of the communication with particular stakeholder groups within society regarding the social and environmental impacts of the organisation (Gray, Owen and Maunders, 1987, pp. ix). It has been argued that the accounting standards which deal with this social and environmental sector appear to be somewhat meagre although there are some frameworks in terms of sustainability reporting (Gray et al, 1997). Hence, there may be some claims that an accounting standard regarding social and environmental issues needs to be established while others might think that...
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...Characteristics of Stakeholder There are different type of stakeholders, primary stakeholder, secondary stakeholder and key stakeholder. Stakeholders can be groups, organizations, and or individuals who have interest in an organization project outcome. Stakeholders can include those that may have strong interest in an effort for political, academic and philosophical reasons, even if their associates, family, friends, and they, may not be directly affected by the outcome. Some stakeholders may influence decision(s) that could change the outcome of an organization project, and some stakeholder’s interest may be critical to the success of a project. Stakeholder’s interest can be many. Some of the areas of more common interest are: * Physical Health - free or reduce medical facilities and care for low-income people. * Mental health – community mental health centers for support to those with mental health and their families as well as the community. * Safety and Security – better policing in high crime neighborhoods to improve safety for a community as a whole or specific population. * Economics – zoning regulations or employment training program for low- income people. * Environment – conservation, attention to climate change and any other environmental factor that could be harmful. Stakeholders can include but not limited to: government agencies, senior management, customers, competitors, sponsors and team members. Key characteristics of stakeholders are: strong...
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...responsibility (CSR) reports provide stakeholders with valuable information about the relationship between a given corporation and society; additionally these reports may serve as a public relations vehicle. CSR reports improve communication between a corporation and its local constituents as well as the greater society. CSR reports and accounting data combine to offer investors and other stakeholders a larger picture of a corporation’s strategy and financial condition. By merging the two, stakeholders have a better understanding of how a corporation’s social initiatives improve its overall health. For example, when energy conservation programs allow a corporation to cut spending costs and cause the development of a new product while at the same time increasing jobs the CSR report acts as a financial statement and a public image enhancer. CSR reports provide information that is valuable for different reasons to different people. Employees and prospective employees can decide which companies they want to work for based on safety information about the workplace contained in these reports. Corporate managers can use the reports to monitor how successful they are in attaining their stated goals. They can also examine the progress made by other companies. Customers concerned with issues such as sustainability and social justice can decide what company to shop. Governments and agencies can monitor a corporation’s environmental records and researchers can calculate...
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...August 25, 2014 Ethics and Corporate Responsibility In the Workplace and World Key Characteristics of Stakeholders A stakeholder is a person, group, or an organization that has an interest or concern in an organization or a company. A person who is directly or indirectly affected by the functioning of a company is a stakeholder. Stakeholders are directors, employees, creditors, government and its agencies, shareholders, owners, unions, suppliers, and the community from which the business draws its resources. Stakeholders can be affected by the organization’s objectives, policies and actions. A company’s customers are entitled to fair trading policies; they are not entitled to the same consideration as the company employees. Key characteristics of stakeholders include knowledge of the business or policy, interest related to the policy or business, position for or against the business policy, and potential alliance with other stakeholders, and the ability to affect the policy process (through power and/or leadership). The stakeholders in the PharmaCARE scenario are the healers in the African nation of Colberia, PharmaCARE’s executives, and Colberians who work in the manufacturing company. Human Rights Issues by PharmaCARE Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethical origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace...
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